初二上册外研版英语所有语法(短语+句型)还有一些介词什么的
一、动词+介词
1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…
2.listen to…听……
3.welcome to…欢迎到……
4.say hello to …向……问好
5.speak to…对……说话
此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。
二、动词+副词
“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:
A.动词(vt.)+副词
1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下
此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。
B.动词(vi)+副词。
1.come on赶快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家
4.come in进来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立
此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。
三、其它类动词词组
1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class
4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper
7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games
10. play games
[介词短语聚焦]
“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。
1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。
2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。
4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。
5.in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。
6.in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。
8.at + 时刻表示钟点。
9.like this/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。
10.of短语表示所属关系。
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。
12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。
另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。 回答人的补充 2009-06-26 18:22 1.I think…意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…,2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb. 3.take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。5.Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb.with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换.7.What about…?/How about…?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”, 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,11.show sb. sth. / showsth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点。 12.introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。[重点短语快速复习]1.kinds of 各种各样的2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不……
Module 1
简单句:由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。
一. 五种基本句型:
1.主语+系动词+表语 (S+V+P)He is happy.
2.主语+不及物动词+(状语) ( S+V ) He is swimming.
3.主语+及物动词+宾语+(状语) ( S+V+O ) I saw him just now.
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ( S+V+IO+DO ) She lent me a bike,
主语+及物动词+直接宾语+间接宾语 ( S+V+DO+IO ) She lent a bike to me.
5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 ( S+V+O+OC) The good news made us happy.
二. 练习:写出下列句子的基本成分。
1、He likes music very much.
2、The soup tastes salty.
3、She works very hard.
4、My teacher asked me to come a little earlier next time.
5、My father bought me a computer.
Module 2
宾语从句:以一个句子作为宾语的复合句。
一. 宾语从句的时态:
主句从句
一般现在时要根据具体情况选择所需要的时态
一般过去时相应的过去时态
一般过去时客观真理或自然现象时,从句用一般现在时态
e.g. He says that he is going to the cinema.
He said that he couldn’t finish the work on time.
The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
二. 宾语从句的语序:陈述句的语序。
三. 宾语从句的引导词:
陈述句that (在口语中可省去)
一般疑问句if / whether
特殊疑问句疑问词 (what, when, where, who, why, which, how)
e.g. He says. He likes painting.---- He says (that) he likes painting.
Is he American? He asked ---- He asked if / whether he was American.
Where is the cinema? I don’t know ---- I don’t know where the cinema is.
四. 练习:把下列句子改为宾语从句。
1.The story is very interesting. (he said)
2.What did you say? ( I didn’t hear)
3.Where does he come from. (I want to know)
4.Is your father a doctor? (my teacher asked)
5.Has she seen the film? (I don’t know)
6.How can I get to the hospital. (Can you tell me)
7.He is playing computer games. (he says)
8.They will have a meeting tomorrow. (I know)
Module 3
动词不定式(to do)和动名词(v-ing)
有些动词后面需加to do或-ing来把意思补充完整。接to do的单词多为 “打算”、“计划”、“希望”之类的动词,而这些动词都表示未来。接-ing形式的动词要么表示是正在进行,要么表示一般性或经常性行为。有的动词既可以接to do,也可以接-ving。
一. 接to do的动词有:want, would like, agree, refuse, decide, learn, need, offer, afford, wish, hope, ask等。
二. 接-ing的动词有:feel like, keep, enjoy, finish, practice等。
三. 既可以接to do,也可以接-ving的动词有:hate, like, love, begin, start(意思一样),remember, forget, continue, stop, try, go on(意思不一样)等。
四. 练习:用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.Would you like _____________ (have) a cup of tea?
2.I’m very tired, let’s stop _____________ (have) a rest.
3.I asked why he smiled, but he couldn’t remember _________________ (smile) at me.
4.He wants _____________ (buy) a new bike.
5.You must keep _______________ (practice) ______________ (speak) English every day.
6.Have you finished _____________ (read) the book?
7.I decide ______________ (visit) the Great Wall this holiday.
8.My sister enjoys _______________ (listen) to music.
9.He learnt ______________ (swim) all by himself.
10.My father agreed ____________ (buy) me a computer.
11.I forgot _____________ (close) the door yesterday.
12.I hate ______________ (lose).
13.The teacher is coming, we stop _____________. (talk)
14.We tried ______________ (finish) the work on time.
15.Sally refused ______________ (play) during the final practice.
16.He offers ____________ (help) me with the work.
17.She can’t afford ______________ (buy) a dictionary.
18.I hope _____________ (go) abroad.
19.Da Wei asked ____________ (play) the computer game on my father’s computer.
20.He started _______________ (make) his own radio programmer at the age of fifteen.
Module 4-5
一.由if引导的条件状语从句 (如果...)
1.句子结构
主句 + if从句. If从句, 主句.
2.时态变化
主句从句
一般将来时 will won’t一般现在时 v. don’t + v. v.-s doesn’t + v.
启使句 v. Don’t + v.
e.g.:
If you (want) to say something, (hand) up, please.
=
If Lily (receive) the gift, she (be) very happy.
=
If she (get) up late, she (not catch) the bus.
=
=She should , or
二. 感叹句 (多......啊!)
1.What + a/an/... + adj. + n. (+ 主语 + be)!
(+ 从句)
e.g.: clean classroom it !
honest kid Tom !
terrible news this !
fantastic concerts they !
funny place we went yesterday!
2. How + adj. + 主语 (the + n. /人名/代词) + be!
How + adv. + 主语 + v.!
How + adj./adv. + 从句!
e.g.: 改写上面的句子.
so+谓语+主语:…也一样. 谓语:be动词/助动词/情态动词
2. so+主语+谓语:的确如此,真的这样.
3. help yourself/yurselves to...请随便吃点...
4. 发现sb做sth : find sb doing sth
5. 不完全同意I don’t really agree.
完全不同意I really don’t agree.
6. 或者..或者...either…or…..就近原则
既不..也不..neither…nor….就近原则
既....又...both…and….谓语用复数
7. 看起来,似乎It seems/seemed that…..
8. 由于...而闻名be famous for….
9. 餐馆就餐用语:a table for two/sit at the table by the window/here’s the menu/May I take your order?/could we have the bill?/That’s all.
10. 问路Which is the way to…/where is…/How can I get to…/Is there a..near here/Can you tell me the way to…/Can you tell me how I can get to…?
11. turn right at the third crossing/traffic lights在第3个路口往右拐=take the third crossing on your right
12. 过桥go across the bridge=cross the bridge
13. 走到路的尽头go up this road to the end=go on until you reach the end.
14. at the street corner在街角
15. on sb’s way to….在sb去…的途中/路上
16. what’s the matter?=what’s wrong?=what’s the trouble?怎么了?
17. be sick in hospital/in bed 生病住院/卧床
18. Maybe it is there=it may be there可能在那里.
19. It takes/took/will take sb+时间+to do sth. Sb做sth花费了…时间
20. 路途遥远It’s (5 kms)far(away) from…=That’s quite a long way.
21. wait for…等待
22. 五分钟的步行/驾驶路程:five minutes’ walk/drive
23. 迷路lose sb’s way/sb be lost/sb get lost
24. just then=just at that time/moment就在那时
25. 首先first of all=at first
26. a big city like Tokyo像东京这样的大城市
27. It’s easy/interesting/important/ (for sb) to do sth.(对sb来说)做sth是容易的/有趣的/重要的.
28. if 条件状语从句:从句一般现在时,主句一般将来时。如:If it rains tomorrow, I will not go to the zoo.
29. at the head /end of…在…的前/尾部
30. 我的背很疼. My back hurts badly.
31. 为…做准备get /be ready for…
32. stop sb (from) doing sth.阻止/不让sb做sth
33. have a good/wonderful time=enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴
34. answer in a tired voice/with a smile 用疲惫的声音/面带微笑回答。
35. quarrel with sb on sth 为了sth与sb 吵架
36. complain about sth 为…而抱怨,投诉
37. 生病用语:sb have a headache=sb have a pain in the head 头痛,have a cough 咳嗽,have/catch a cold 感冒,have cancer 得了癌症。
38. have /take the medicine three times a day 吃药,每天3次
39. take sb’s temperature 量体温,look over 医生检查病人
40. drink more water 多喝水,take more exercise 多锻炼
41. sb醒来: sb wake up, //sb 醒着的:sb be awake
42. sb 睡着了入睡 be/fall asleep
43. 忙着…bu busy doing/with sth
44. as soon as… 一… 就 ...
45. sleeping pills安眠药,light music 轻音乐
46. again and again 再三地,一次又一次
47. dream about…梦见…; dream of… 梦想成为…
48. 系动词+形容词: be/smell/taste/sound/look/feel/turn/get/become
49. make trouble制造麻烦,惹是生非,make a noise 制造噪音
50. every five minutes 每隔5分钟
51. instead/instead of…代替,取而代之,反而
52. write to sb. 写信给sb
53. get enough sleep 睡眠充足;stay happy 保持心情开朗
54. on time 准时;in time 按时
55. sb had better (not) do sth, sb 最好(别)做sth
56. land on …登陆
57. pull…out of..=pull…up from…拉上来
58. 不定代词:something/anyone/nobody/everywhere等
59. we’re all by ourselves=we’re alone.单独,独自
60. feel a little afraid/don’t be afraid. 有点害怕/别害怕
61. perhaps=maybe也许,可能
62. not …until… 直到…才…
63. sooner or later 迟早,早晚
64. ran after追//ran to …向..跑去// ran away 逃跑了
65. eat up 吃光// use up 用完
66. take (good) care of ..=look after…照顾,保管
67. 我自学英语learn English by myself= teach myself English
68. learn to do sth 学会…
69. 记日记 keep a diary,写日记 write a diary
70. leave sb by oneself 单独留下sb
71. join in the League/Party 入团/党
72. 越来越…:比较级+and+比较级; more and more +多音节词。如:bigger and bigger , more and more interesting
73. 越…, 就越…: the +比较级,the +比较级。 如:越大越好:the bigger, the better
74. turn on/off 开/关(电器),turn up/down音量开大/小
75. the whole story=all the story整个故事,整件事情
76. 过了一会儿after a while/moment
77. make faces 做鬼脸
78. 名胜,景点interesting places=places of interest
79. my hometown in Zhejiang 我浙江的老家
80. 暑假summer holidays; 五一假期 May 1st holiday
81. a strong wind大风;in the wind 在风里
82. make sb do sth. 使/逼迫sb做sth
83. 倒装句(为了强调)There he is./ Away he went.
84. with these words. 说完这些话,说着说着(伴随状语)。
85. I don’t know how to use it yet. 我不知道怎样使用它。
where to go. 我不知道该去哪里。
what to do. 我不知道该做什么。
86. wait for sb’s turn to do sth 等着轮到sb做sth
It’s sb’s turn to do sth. 轮到sb去做sth
被动:be+动词过去分词
eg:The trees are planted every year.
过去完成时:
过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经发生的动作或情况,一般用在描述过去的某个时点已经发生过的动作或情况的句子中,即:过去的过去。如:
When we got there, the football match had already started.
当我们赶到时,足球比赛已经开始了。
过去完成时由“主语+had+动词过去分词”构成。其肯定句,否定句和疑问句结构如下:
肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.
否定句:主语+had not+过去分词+其他.
疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?
He had worked for two years by then. 到那时他已经工作两年了。
He hadn't worked for two years by then. 到那时他已经两年不工作了。
Had he worked for two years by then? 到那时他已经工作两年了吗?
三、过去完成时的基本用法
1. 过去完成时表示在过去某一时间之前已完成的动作,表示对这一过去时间造成的结果或影响。常用以下几种方式:
(1) 用by,before等构成的介词短语。 eg:
Linda had learnt 10 English songs by the end of last month.
到上个月底,琳达已经学了10首英文歌曲。
John had repaired that machine before midnight.
在半夜之前约翰已经修好了那台机器。
(2) 用when, before, after等引导的时间状语从句。如:
The train had started before we got to the station.
在我们到达车站之前,火车已经开了。
The plane had taken off when I reached the airport.
我到达机场时,飞机已经起飞了。
2. 过去完成时还可以表示过去某一时间以前发生开始的动作持续到
这一过去的时间。常与for, since引导的表示一段时间的短语或从句连用。如:
I had worked in a hospital for three years before I came here.
我来这之前,在一家医院已经工作三年了。
He told us that he had worked here since 10 years before.
他告诉我他自从十年前就一直在这儿工作了。
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《外研版初中英语听力》百度网盘资源免费下载 链接: https:\/\/pan.baidu.com\/s\/1hw1qM1kwaIMDx2kc_lCk7Q ?pwd=4cfv 提取码: 4cfv 外研版初中英语听力|外研版初中英语七年级下册同步听力|外研版初中英语七年级上册同步听力|外研版初中英语九年级上册同步听力|外研版初中英语八年级下册教同步听力|外研...
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姚习复胃: finish doing sth end up doing sth like doing be interested in have gone to have been to get along with take an interest in make friends with spend time on sth pay+钱+for sth it take sb money or time to do sth make+名词(表会成为,会具备什么样的...
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姚习复胃: Module 1 (sth=something sb=somebody) 1.What else? 2. Excellent! 3.That's a good idea. 4.Thanks a lot. 5. correct the mistake in your notebook 6. write down sth=write sth down 7.make a pen friend with sb 8.enjoy yourself=have a good time 9.Don ...
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姚习复胃: so+谓语+主语:…也一样. 谓语:be动词/助动词/情态动词2. so+主语+谓语:的确如此,真的这样.3. help yourself/yurselves to...请随便吃点...4. 发现sb做sth : find sb doing sth5. 不完全同意I don't really agree.完全不同意I really don't agree. ...
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姚习复胃:[答案] swimming pool 游泳池go along 沿着something to eat 吃东西on the other side of 在……的另一边on the left/right 在左边/右边do some shopping 购物in the middle of 在……的中间get off 出发,离开turn left/rig...
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姚习复胃: http://wenku.baidu.com/view/07fa1f4ff7ec4afe04a1df47.html?from=related&hasrec=1 http://wenku.baidu.com/view/a91e741b964bcf84b9d57b52.html
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