Hurry up!!!恳请英语大神帮忙详细解释一下关于虚拟语气的一个疑问，跪谢！！!!!!
虚拟语气详解在英文句子中，谓语动词的语气是用来表示说话人对所讲内容的态度、看法以及心情等。 英文句子中谓语动词的语气有三种： A）直陈语气（The Indicative Mood）直陈语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态： He has published quite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。B) 祁使语气（The Imperative Mood）祁使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等： Wait outside until you are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。 Let's just take a break, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？ C) 虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。例如： I wishyou were more careful .但愿你更细心一些。 If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment. 我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。 Would you mind shutting the door ? 劳驾您把门关上。 用于非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 条件句分为两种：真实条件句和非真实条件句。与现在事实相违背 If I had time, I would certainly join you in the tennis match. （事实是：我没有时间）我要是有时间肯定和你一起打这场网球比赛。 If I were you, I would put her suggestion into account.（事实是：我并不是你）我要是你，我会考虑她的建议的。 与过去事实相违背 If I hadn't been caught by something, I would have come to your party yesterday.(事实是：我昨天被某些事缠住了) 我昨天要不是被些事缠住了，我就会去参加你们的聚会了。 If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. （事实是：他没有听我的建议）要是他听进了我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。与未来事实相违背 If I should have a chance to try it, I would do it in another way. （假设的情况不大可能发生）要是我有机会试一试，我会用另一种方法做的。 Even if they were to fail, they wouldn't lose courage. （说话人不希望假设的情况发生）即使他们万一失败，他们也不会泄气。熟悉并掌握好下面的基本句式：条件从句 主句 与现在事实相违背 过去式（动词是BE用were） Should / would + 动词原形与过去事实相违背 had + 过去分词 would / should + have +过去分词 与未来事实相违背 1) should + 动词原形2) were + 动词不定式3) 过去式（动词是BE也可以用were） would / Should + 动词原形1. 省略If的几种情况 1）当条件状语从句的谓语部分含有had、should、或were时，就将这样的词had、should、或were搬到句首把句子写成倒装句而将连词if省略。例如： If you were the manager here, what would you do? Were you the manager here, what would you do? 你若是这里的经理，你会怎么办？ If he should act like that again, he would be fired immediately. Should he act like that again, he would be fired immediately. 要是他再那样做，他会被立即解雇的。 2) 由某些介词短语取代了if引导的条件状语从句。例如： Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。 But for your help, the little boy would have been drowned. 要是没有你们的帮助，那个小男孩早就淹死了。 We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。 3) 由上下文的交代而省略了if引导的条件状语从句。在这种情况下，上下文事实上就是一个表示违背事实的条件句。上下文如果是由一个句子介绍的，那么这个取代了if条件状语从句的句子应该用直陈语气；而起主句作用的句子则要用虚拟语气。例如： He would have come to see you earlier but he just came back from his business trip .（本句中的上下文是：but he just came back from his business trip，表示：要是他在家没出差的话）他本来早就来看你了，可他却出差刚刚回来。 But that you helped me, I would have failed in the experiment. （本句中的上下文是：But that you helped me，表示：要不是有你帮助我）要没有你帮助我，我的试验本做不成功的。 2. 虚拟语气用于某些从句中的情况： 1）在主语从句中在It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that从句的结构中，由于某些形容词/ 名词的原因，that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式"should + 动词原形"或是"动词原形"。这类形容词/ 名词常见的有：essential（绝对必要的）, important（重要的）, advisable（明智的）, desirable（希望能够的）, imperative（必须的）, natural（自然的）, necessary必要的）, regretful（遗憾的）, strange（奇怪的）, proper（适当的）, urgent（紧急的）, duty（义务、责任）, a pity（遗憾）, no wonder（难怪）, a regret（遗憾）, 例如： It is strange that he ( should ) say so .他居然会这样说，真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so . 他居然会这样想，真是一件憾事。 It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees . 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。 It is necessary that he be sent to Beijing right away. 有必要立即派他去北京。 另外，下列结构中主语从句的谓语动词也要求用虚拟语气： It is ordered that …(根据命令、要求……) , It is proposed that …(人们建议……) It is desired that … (最好、需要……) , It is requested that … (人们要求……) It is suggested that … (有人建议……) , It is recommended that …(有人推荐……) It is demanded that …(根据要求……) , It is decided that …(已经决定……) It is arranged that … (已经安排……) 等等。例如： It is ordered that all the troops (should) withdraw three miles away. 根据命令，所有部队撤至三英哩以外。 It is arranged that he leave for Canada on Friday. 照安排，他星期五动身去加拿大。 It is suggested that the English evening be held on Saturday. 有人建议，英语晚会周六举行。 2)在宾语从句中某些动词后面，宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟式。宾语从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式"should + 动词原形"或是"动词原形"。这类要求宾语从句的谓语用虚拟式的动词，常见的有： command（命令）, demand（要求）, desire（希望）, insist（坚持）, order（命令）, propose（提议）, recommend（推荐）, request（要求）, require（要求）, suggest（建议），等。例如： He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限。 They requested that we ( should ) send a delegation to their country. 他们请求我们派一个代表团到他们国家去。 I suggested that he ( should ) set off for our headquarters straightaway . 我建议他马上动身去我们的总部。 另外，wish和would rather / sooner that …后面的宾语从句，其中谓语动词的形式和对应用法如下表所述： 谓语动词的形式用法 过去式-------表示当时未能实现的愿望、意愿 过去完成式---表示过去未能实现的愿望、意愿 过去未来式---表示未来不大可能实现的愿望,意愿 （注意下列例句：wish自身的时态并不影响从句谓语动词的形式。）I wishthat I knew something about programming. 我希望我懂一点程序设计就好了。 I wished that I knew something about programming. 我当时希望我懂一点程序设计就好了。 They wish that they hadn't said it to us. 他们希望他们没有对我们说过那件事。 They wished that they hadn't said it to us. 他们当时希望他们没有对我们说过那件事。 I wish that you would get younger and younger .但愿你越来越年轻。 The manager would rather that his secretary went to the meeting instead of him .经理宁愿他的秘书代替他去开会。 He would sooner that he hadn't born until ten years ago .他宁愿他十年以前才出身。 3) 在表语从句和同位语从句中下面这些名词的后面所接的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟式"should + 动词原形"或是直接用"动词原形" ： idea（想法）, suggestion（建议）, motion（动议）, proposal（提议）, order（命令）, recommendation（推荐），advice (建议) , instruction (指示、指令)等等。例如： The instruction was that nobody be allowed to go to sleep until further orders.（表语从句）指示要求，任何人不得在接到进一步的命令之前去睡觉。 My suggestion is that he leave for London at once . （表语从句）我的建议是他立即动身去伦敦。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should )put on a play at the English evening? （同位语从句）他建议我们在英语晚会上演一个剧,你觉得怎么样？4) 在状语从句中在某些状语从句中，要求谓语动词要用虚拟式"should + 动词原形"或是"动词原形"。以as if 、as though（似乎，仿佛）引出的方式状语从，如果表示真实情况应该用直陈语气；如果表示非真实情况则应该用虚拟语气, 其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。例如： He took his umbrella with him lest it rain. （目的状语从句）他带了雨伞，以防下雨。 I'll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind. （目的状语从句）我给你留个座，没准你会改变主意。 They burned all the important documents for fear that they fall into the enemy's hands. （目的状语从句）他们将所有的重要文件都烧毁了，以免它们落于敌人之手。 Though everyone desert you, we will not .（让步状语从句，这是间或的用法。）即使所有的人抛弃了你，我们也不会。 As long as a volume hold together, We don't care much about its outer appearance .（条件状语从句，这是间或的用法。）只要一本书不拆开，外表怎么样我们并不太在意。 This, if the news be true, will mean a lot to us. （条件状语从句，这是间或的用法。）如果这消息是真的，那对我们来说就太重要了。 I can still remember the whole thing in great detail as though it were yesterday.（方式状语从句）这一切我记忆犹新，仿佛就是昨天发生的事一样。 They are talking as if they had been friends for years. （方式状语从句）他们谈话的那股亲热劲就如同是多年的老朋友似的。 5) 在It is (high) time that…从句中在这个句型中的that…从句里，无论何时、何人称，其谓语动词都用"过去式"。 这个句型表达的意思是"该是……的时候了"。例如： It is time that we got ready for the final examination.该是我们为期末考试作准备的时候了。 It is high time that we had our lunch. 该是我们吃午饭的时候了。 It is time that he made up his mind. 该是他作出决定的时候了。 6) 在If only…从句中 "If only…从句"表示一种愿望或是向往的假设，其意义是"要是……就好了"、"但愿……"。这个句型中的语序是正常语序，不倒装。另外，其谓语动词的虚拟式与wish后面宾语从句中谓语动词的虚拟式相同。例如： If only she could understand my real feelings. 要是她能了解我的真实想法就好了。 If only my mother had survived the disease and lived till now. 要是我妈妈没有死于疾病而活到现在就好了。 If only he would fine a satisfactory job after his graduation. 但愿他毕业后找到一份称心如意的工作。 3. 虚拟语气用于其他情况 首先，虚拟语气常用于表示客气、委婉的说法。它之所以能表示客气、委婉的意思，就是因为它的语气是虚拟的；也就是说，讲话的人有意识地将其所说的内容虚拟化，从而给听话人在是否接受所听到的内容方面留有较大空间、余地；而至于使听话人在是否接受所听到的内容方面感到有压力或是强迫感。从这个意义上讲，虚拟语气比直陈语气，祈使语气更为客气、委婉、礼貌。例如： Could you tell me the way to the nearest shopping center ? 你能告诉我去最近的购物中心的路吗？ Would you mind lowering your voice? 请你小声点儿，行吗？ Perhaps you could get better results this way .你这样做效果或许要好一点。 Which seat might I take? 我可以坐哪个位子？ 其次，在一些公式化的句子里也常用虚拟语气。这些公式化句子的谓语常用两种句式，即："动词原形"或是"may + 动词原形"(后者常用倒装句式)。例如： God bless you! 上帝保佑你！ So be it then! 那就这样吧！ May the friendship between our two peoples last forever.祝愿我们两国人民的友谊万古青。 Come what may, we'll solve the problem by ourselves.无论发生什么情况，我们都要自己解决这个问题。4.错综时间非真实条件句中的虚拟语气在非真实条件句中，我们在条件句和主句中所用的虚拟语气句式是相对程式化的。If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now . 如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。 If the machine were in good conditions, we would have used it in our last experiment. 要是这台机器情况良好，我们上次就将它用于试验了。 If you were to visit Hainan in two days, I could arrange some of my friends there to meet you at the airport. 假如你过两天去海南，我现在就可以安排我在那儿的朋友去机场接你。
1、虚拟条件句的三种基本类型：与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反。
条件句有真实条件句和非真实(虚拟)条件句两种。真实条件句所表示的假设是有可能发生的，而非真实条件句则通常表示一种假想，与事实相反或不大可能会发生：
If I have time, I will go with them. 假若我有时间，我就同他们去。(陈述语气)
If I were you, I would go with them. 假若我是你，我就同他们去。(虚拟语气)
▲ 与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：
If I knew her number ，I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码，我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)
▲与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”：
If I’d left sooner，I’d have been on time. 要是我早点动身，我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
▲与将来事实相反
若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”：
If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)
注：几点特别说明
① 主句谓语中的should主要用于第一人称后。would, might, could的大致区别是：would表示结果，might表示可能性，could表示能力、允许或可能性。比较：
If you tried again ，you would succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就会成功的。(would表结果)
If you tried again， you might succeed. 要是你再试一试，你可能会成功的。(might表可能)
If you tried again ，you could succeed. 要是你再试一试，你就能成功了。(could表能力)
④ 对于与将来事实相反的情形，请注意以下几点：一是这里说的与将来事实相反，实为对将来情况的推测；二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外，有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小，常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设)；三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时，主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外，也可用直陈语气或祈使语气：
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨，就不要等我了。（祈使语气）
If I should see him, I’ll tell him. 万一我见到他，我就告诉他。（直陈语气）
2、错综时间虚拟条件句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：
If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. 要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。
3、两个常考虚拟语气句型
▲ 句型介绍
这两个句型是If it weren’t for…和If it hadn’t been for…，这是两个很常用的虚拟语气句型，也经常受到命题人的青睐，其意为“若不是(有)”“要不是有”。如：
If it weren’t for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长。
If it hadn’t been for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
=But for your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
=Without your assistance ，we wouldn’t have succeeded.
5、wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气
▲ 用法说明
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如：
注：特别注意
从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关，而与wish的时态无关，比较：
I wish I were rich. 要是我现在有钱就好了。
I wish I had been rich. 要是那时我有钱就好了。
I wished I were rich. 当时我后悔自己没有钱。
I wished I had been rich. 当时我后悔自己曾经没有钱。
6、if only后的句子用虚拟语气
if only 与 I wish一样，也用于表示与事实相反的愿望，其后所虚拟语气的时态与 wish后所接时态的情况相同：
If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了。
If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是当时听了父母的话就好了。
If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!
注：if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。
7、as if (though) 从句用虚拟语气
▲ 基本用法
以as if (as though)引导的方式状语从句或表语从句，有时用虚拟语气，若表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；若表示与过去事实相反，用过去完成时；表示将来的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+动词原形：
He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。
They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。
He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。
注：两点说明
(1) 从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能为事实，也可用陈述语气：
It looks as if we’ll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。
(2) 注意 It isn’t as if…的翻译：
It isn’t as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子(或他又不穷)。
8、It’s time后的从句用虚拟语气
▲ 基本用法
从句谓语通常用过去式表示现在或将来，有时也用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见，且should不能省略)，其意为“(早)该干某事了”：
It’s time we went [were going, should go]. 我们该走了。
It’s time I was in bed. 我该上床睡了。(不用were)
9、would rather后句子用虚拟语气
在would rather, would sooner, would just as soon 后的that从句中, 句子谓语习惯上要用虚拟语气， 表示”宁愿做什么” ，具体用法为：
▲ 一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望
I’d rather you went tomorrow (now). 我宁愿你明天(现在)去。
▲ 用过去完成时表过去的愿望
I’d rather you hadn’t said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。
10、宾语从句用虚拟语气的10种类型
▲ I wish后的宾语从句
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时；若表示与过去相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would / could+have +过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would (could)＋动词原形。如：
I wish I could be of some use. 我希望我能有什么用处。
We wish he didn’t smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。
I wish prices would come down. 我希望物价能降下来。
▲ 表示“坚持”后的宾语从句
主要是指insist的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I insisted that he (should) stay. 我坚持要他留下。
注：动词insist后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别是：若谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气；若谓语动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。比较：
He insisted that I had read his letter. 他坚持说我看过他的信。
He insisted that I should read his letter. 他坚持要我看他的信。
▲ 表示“命令”后的宾语从句
主要是指order, command的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He ordered that it (should) be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。
▲ 表示“建议”后的宾语从句
主要是指advise, suggest, propose, recommend等的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
注：与动词insist相似，动词suggest后接宾语从句时，除可用虚拟语气外，也可用陈述语气，两者的区别也是：若谓语动词所表示的情况尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气，此时suggest通常译为“建议”；若谓语动词所表示的情况为既成事实，则要用陈述语气，此时的suggest通常译为“表明”、“认为”。比较并体会：
He suggested that we (should) stay for dinner. 他建议我们留下吃饭。
I suggested that you had a secret understanding with him. 我觉得你与他心照不宣。
▲ 表示“要求”后的宾语从句
主要是指ask, demand, require, request等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。
He requires that I (should) appear. 他要求我出场。
▲ 表示“提议”“投票”后的宾语从句
主要是指move, vote等后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。
▲ 表示“敦促”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词urge后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He urged that they go to Europe. 他敦促他们到欧洲去。
▲ 表示“安排”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词arrange后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。
▲ 表示“希望”“打算”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词desire, intend后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。
▲ 表示“指示”后的宾语从句
主要是指动词direct后的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成，其中的should在美国英语中通常可以省略。如：
The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。
11、主语从句中的虚拟语气
在It is necessary，important，strange，natural， advisable, anxious, compulsory, crucial, desirable, eager, essential, fitting, imperative(绝对必要), impossible, improper, obligatory, possible, preferable, probable, recommended, urgent, vital etc. ；it is a pity；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
▲ It’s important…类
这一类型主要包括It is (was) important (necessary, desirable, imperative, advisable)that. . .句型。如：
It is impossible that he should go home. 他不可能会回家去。
▲ It’s a pity…类
It is a pity that she should fare so badly. 她竟吃得这么差，真可怜。
▲ It’s desired…类
这种主语从句还常用在It is (was) desired (suggested, settled, proposed, requested, decided, etc. ) that...句型。如：
It is requested that a vote be taken. 建议付诸表决。
12、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
在advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation ，suggestion， idea，plan，order等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go． 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。
13、 在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)引导的目的状语从句中的虚拟语气
在 lest ，for fear that( 以免) , in case (以防)从句中用should＋动词原形, should 可以省略.
She walked quietly lest she (should) wake up her roommates. 她走得很轻以免吵醒她的室友。
为方便记忆，表格对比
使用虚拟语气的主要句型 谓语动词的虚拟形式 例句
表现在的虚拟条件句 从句：用动词过去（be 多用were ） 1. If I were you, I should study English.
2. I would certainly go if I had time.
主句：would/should/could/might+动词原形
表过去的虚拟条件句 从句：had + PP 1. If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the test.
2. If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.
主句：would/should/could/might +have + PP
表将来的虚拟条件句 从句：①用动词过去②should +V原③（were +to do ） 1. If it were to rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
2. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
主句：would/should/could/might +have + PP
省略 if 的条件句 从句：用倒装形式，即把were,had等置于句首。(并只限were/ had)
主句：根据虚拟的情况采取与从句相应的形式。 1. Were I in school again(= If I were in school again, I would work harder.)
2. Were it not for the rain, (不能说Weren’t it for the rain, ) I would go swimming.
错综时间条件句（从句与主句所表示时间不一致） 根据从句与主句表示的不同时进行调整。 1.If you had worked hard yesterday, you would be tired now
2. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things woud be going so smoothly.
含蓄条件句（虚拟条件暗含在短语或上下文之中，从句不表现出来）(常见有but for“要不是” without等) 根据句子表达的实际情况选用相应的虚拟条件句中的主句的动词形式 1.Without air, there would be no living things.
2.I would have given you more help, but I was busy now.
名词性从句中的虚拟语气
wish, “可惜……”“……就好了”，“悔不该……”“但愿……” wish后从句：与表各种时间的虚拟条件句中的从句动词形式基本相同。
具体：1，表与现在不能实现的愿望，从句用“过去时，be 用were”
2.表与过去不能实现的愿望，从句用“had+PP 或 could/would +have +PP“
3. .表与将来不能实现的愿望，从句用“could/would +动词原形”
1.I wish I were a bird.
2. I wish I had known the answer..
would rather 后的宾语从句 would rather后从句：动词常用过去式 1. I would rather they came tomorrow
demand, insist,suggest, command, order, require, request, desire等一类动词后的宾语从句
（suggest表“暗示、隐含等”insist表“强调，力言等”不用虚拟语气。） 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。 1. I suggest you (should)go at once.
2. He suggested that he patient’s leg should be cut and this suggested that he was not good at the case.(注意两个suggest的准确翻译)
“It is (was)+上述demand/suggest等动词过去分词（或important,natural,strange ,necessary等形容词）”后的主语从句 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。 1. It ordered that the army (should) get there by 4 a.m.
2. It is necessary that she (should) be sent there at once.
order,suggestion,idea,plan, proposal, advice, demand等名词后的表语从句或同位语从句 从句谓语用“should+动词原形”，should可省。 His demand is that we (should )finish the work in 3 hours.
特殊形式的虚拟语气
as if 引导的从句（表示非真实时）但表真实时，不用虚拟语气。 与虚拟语气条件中从句动词形式基本相同。 1.Tom speaks as if he were a girl.
2.He looks as if he had been to Beijing.
so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 May/might/should +V原 I live so that others may live better.
It is (the very/high)time that后的定语从句 从句谓语动词常用过去式，有时也可用should+动词原形 It is (high)time that we went (should go) to bed.
It is time that I were leaving.
省去主句的If only(要是……就好了)虚拟条件句 与wish后的宾语从句谓语形式相同。 If only I hadn’t lost the chance!
(= I wish I hadn’t lost the chance)
某些表祝愿的句子 常用原形或“May+动词原形” Long live world peace!
May you be happy1
表委婉客气的是常语句 情态动词的过去式+动词原形 Could I borrow your bike?
Would you please give me a hand?
虚拟语气的用法
虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：
一、与现在事实相反
连接词 条件从句 结果从句
If 1.动词过去式(或were)
2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形 Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
If had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.
If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.
二.与将来事实相反
连接词 条件从句 结果从句
If 1. should+动词原形
2. 动词过去式
3、were to+动词原形 Should
Would +动词原形
could
might
If you should lose, what would you do?
If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.
If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.
三、与过去事实相反
连接词 条件从句 结果从句
If had+过去分词 Should
Would + have+过去分词
could
might
If I’d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.
四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
省掉if的条件从句结构：
Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：
A true friend would not do such a thing.
(=If he were a true friend, he...)
(=If there were no water,…)
(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)
3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：
If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.
If I were you, I would have gone home.
五、虚拟语气的其他用法
1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：
suggest, advise, recommend, demand,
require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形
devide, ask, move, propose等
注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。
He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.
上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。
He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.
如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。
He insists that he is right.
2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：
imperative, advisable, 动词完成式
It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that…(should) +
essential, strange,等 动词原形
It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders.
It is right that you should have done your homework.
3、wish的用法
动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反
主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反
助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反
I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)
I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)
I wish they’d let us get some sleep.
注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：
（1） We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)
（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)
4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如：
He acts as if nothing had happened.
I would rather you didn’t tell him.
5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：
It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.
It’s high time (that) we took some action.
说话脱离不了语境以及说话人的意图。同样一句话，出现的场合不同，意思也就不同。比如你提到的句子：
1、If I had any money with me, I could lend you some.
如果有人和你借钱，他说 Could lend me some mony now（你现在能给我借些钱吗）? 你用这个句子婉转地回答了他，意思是说“我现在没有带钱，假如带着就借给你”，这就是对现在的虚拟。 如果他说 Could lend me some mony tomorrow（明天能给我借些钱吗）? 你还是用了这个句子，意思是“只要我到时候身上带钱，我就借给你”，言外之意是“我不会带钱，借给你的可能性不大”，这就变成了对将来的虚拟。
2、If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
假设语境 1：you don't succeed in life now.（你现在没发迹）或者 you don't succeed to a fortune now.（你现在不继承大笔遗产），那么这句话就是对现在的虚拟。
假设语境 2：you will not succeed in life in the future.（你你今后不会发迹）或者 you won't succeed to a fortune now.（你将来不会继承一大笔遗产），那么这句话就是对将来的虚拟。
所以，究竟是对什么时间的虚拟，一是要看说话人本人的意图，二是要看说话时的语境。
1. If I had any moneth...是对现在的虚拟。句意：如果我身上带着钱的话，我就会借给你一些。（判断依据：根据句意，此处没法翻译成将来。最起码翻译为将来，不太通顺。）
2. If you succeeded, 是对将来的虚拟。句意：如果我成功了，一切都会好起来的。（判断依据：此处显然还没有成功，应该是将来的事情）。
办法：按句意来看现在通顺还是将来更通顺。
第一句表示与现在事实相反的假设
第二句表示与将来事实相反的假设
1.If I had any money with me,I could lend you some. 这里用could，是can 的虚拟形式，这句话的意思是如果我身上有钱，我就借你。表示现在的虚拟语气。
2.If you succeeded ,everything would be all right. 这里用would，是will的虚拟形式，这句话是说如果你成功了，一切就都好了。这当然表示将来的虚拟。
我觉得应该是追究：过去事实相反与现在事实相反，你的定位上应该是有出入的。如第一句就是与现在事实相反的，而第二句就是与过去事实相反的句型。希望与你有用。
隗永一灭： hurry up英[ˈhʌrɪ ʌp] 美[ˈhɜri ʌp] phr. 赶紧;使加快详细释义vi 1.赶紧;赶快 Hurry up! 快点! 收藏 Hurry up with that coffee, will you. 请快点上咖啡. Tell him to hurry up. 叫他抓紧点. vt 1.to hurry sb/sth up:使加快速度 参考例句 1.Hurry ...
日喀则市15634524702： hurry up怎么读 - ？
隗永一灭： hurry up [英][ˈhʌri ʌp][美][ˈhɚri ʌp](使)赶紧;快双语例句 1. Hurry up and get dressed . 快点穿上衣服. 2. For Gawd's sake hurry up! 看在上帝的份上快点吧! 3. Hurry up, you're late for your call.You've been knocked on! 快点,已经通...
日喀则市15634524702： 英语“hurry up”是什么意思?？
隗永一灭： hurry up = move faster= quickly, 快点的意思.
日喀则市15634524702： 英文hurry up是什么意思 - ？
隗永一灭： hurry up 快点,赶快 的意思 例如:Let's try to rig up some sort of shelter. 让我们快点搭个遮风挡雨的棚吧. Hurry up or else you'll be late. 快,否则你就要来不及了.
日喀则市15634524702： Hurry up ! 与Hurry!有什么区别,句子中分别要怎么用 - ？
隗永一灭： 简单的说hurry up可以单独用,作催促某人做某事的意思.例如:我们很熟悉的句子. Hurry up! OR you will be late. 而hurry一般只能用在句子中,不能单独用的.hurry:v.使赶紧,使匆忙 n.匆忙仓促 例如: There is no hurry to make a decision. 没有必要匆忙作出决定.
日喀则市15634524702： 英语Hurry up怎么读 - ？
隗永一灭： hurry up英 [ˈhʌri ʌp] 美 [ˈhɚri ʌp] 词典快;(使)赶紧双语例句 1Franklin told Howe to hurry up and take his bath; otherwise, they'd miss their train富兰克林告诉豪赶快去洗澡;否则他们会赶不上火车.2Petter saw no reason to hurry the divorce along. 彼得认为没有必要加速离婚进程.
日喀则市15634524702： 英语翻译..........................hurry up - ？
隗永一灭：[答案] Winter was gone,spring comes.I love spring best,because it's very beautiful.In spring,the weather is aways sunny and rainy,it's not cold and not hot,it's warmer and warmer.The flowers begin to open an...
日喀则市15634524702： hurryup中文什么意思 - ？
隗永一灭： hurry up[英][ˈhʌri ʌp][美][ˈhɚri ʌp] 快; (使)赶紧;
日喀则市15634524702： 【!Hurry up,please!】政党帽、粉刷匠的帽子、小丑帽、学士帽的英文怎么说谢谢 - ？
隗永一灭：[答案] 粉刷匠的帽子:Painters' hat 小丑帽:Foolscap或Jester hat 学士帽:trencher cap / hood 至于政党帽,我也不大清楚.:p
