从句 that 和what 的区别
又到了为小伙伴们解惑的时候了✺◟(∗❛ัᴗ❛ั∗)◞✺,定语从句中what用于代替整个句子的内容或情况。which用于代替先行词所指的事物或物体。这里就给大家总结了一个它们基础知识的表格,可以先简单了解一下先:
了解完定语从句what和which的基础知识后,现在就来看看它们的具体区别ლ(・∀・ )ლ
1、引导定语从句的先行词不同
What引导不限定先行词的定语从句,先行词可以是整个句子的内容或情况。
例句:I don't understand what you are saying.(我不明白你在说什么。)
Which引导限定先行词的定语从句,先行词通常是一个名词或名词短语。
例句:I bought the book which was recommended by my friend.(我买了我朋友推荐的那本书。)
2、用法不同
What用于代替整个句子的内容或情况。
例句:She told me what happened at the party.(她告诉我派对上发生了什么。)
Which用于代替先行词所指的事物或物体。
例句:I found the pen which I lost yesterday.(我找到了我昨天丢失的那支笔。)
3、位置不同
What通常位于定语从句的主语位置。
例句:What he said is true.(他说的是真的。)
Which通常位于定语从句的主语之后或介词后面。
例句:The car, which is red, belongs to my brother.(那辆红色的车是我哥哥的。)
一、引导主语从句
that与what都可引导主语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:
What he said at the meeting was very important.他在会上所说的非常重要。(宾语)
What surprised us is that he did it alone.使我们吃惊的是他一个人做了那项工作。(主语)
That he did it alone surprised us.他独自完成了那项工作使我们感到吃惊。(that用来引导主语从句,在句中不作成分)
二、引导宾语从句
that与what都可引导宾语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,一般情况下可以省略,但当有两个以上的宾语从句时,只能省掉第一个that。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:
They stopped to see what was happening.他们停下来看发生了什么事情。(主语)
The teacher got angry because of what the boy had done.那个男孩子做的事情让老师很生气。(what在宾语从句中作宾语)
All the people believed that it was right to rescue the temple.所有的人都认为拯救古庙是正确的。(that在宾语从句中不作句子成分且可省略)
We must believe that each one of us is able to do something well and that when we discover what this something is we must work hard at it until we succeed.我们必须相信,我们每一个人都能把某件事情办好;而且,当我们发现这事情是什么的时候,我们就必须努力干下去,直到成功为止。(第一个that可省略,第二个that不能省略)
三、引导表语从句
that与what都可引导表语从句,that在从句中不作句子成分,且不能省略;what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:
Mary is no longer what she used to be.玛丽不再是从前那样了。(what在表语从句中作表语)
The question is what we should do to prevent him from going.问题是我们怎样做才能阻止他去。(what在表语从句中作动词do的宾语)
The reason why he didn’t come today is that his mother is ill.他今天没来的原因是他母亲病了。(that只起连接作用)
四、引导同位语从句
that与what都可引导同位语从句修饰表示抽象概念的名词,对所修饰的名词的具体内容进行详细阐述。这类名词有:fact, idea, news, hope, belief, promise, thought, suggestion, proposal等。that在从句中不作句子成分,但不能省略。what 在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,不能省略。如:
I have no idea what we should do next.我不知道我们下一步该做什么。(宾语)
He made a promise that he would study hard.他许诺要努力学习。(that只起连接作用)
The boy expressed his hope that he would be a pilot when he grows up.那个男孩儿表达了他长大后想当一名飞行员的愿望。(that只起连接作用)
五、引导定语从句
that可引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语或宾语,that既可指人也可指物。that在从句中作宾语时可省略。如:
This is one of the buildings that were built last year.这是去年建的楼房之一。(that在定语从句中作主语,指物,不能省略。)
The doctor that you met in the street yesterday came here 20 years ago.你昨天在街上遇到的那位医生二十年前就来到这里了。(that 在从句中作宾语,指人并可省略。)
注意:what不能引导定语从句。如不能说:
1.He did all what he could to save the patient.
2.All what he needs is more time.
应将句中的what改为that,或去掉what,还可以将以上两句中的all去掉,但两句的结构发生了根本的改变:句1中的what引导宾语从句,句2中的what引导主语从句。
六、引导状语从句
so...that, such...that, so that结构引导状语从句。what不能引导状语从句,但whatever, no matter what可引导让步状语从句。如:
He made such rapid progress in English that before long he could write articles for an American newspaper.他的英语进步很快,不久就能为美国的一家报社写文章了。
Put the little plants in the shade so that the sun won’t burn them.请把幼苗放在阴凉处以免太阳晒枯它们。
Don’t believe himno matter what he says.无论他说什么,都不要相信他。
that 引导从句时不充当句子成分(定语从句除外),what 引导从句要充当句子成分(比如主语、宾语等)。如:
1. We believe that he is honest. 我们相信他是诚实的。(that 在此不充当句子成分)
2. We believe what he said. 我们相信他说的话。(what在从句中用作动词said的宾语)
3. I think that I did the right thing. 我认为我做对了。(that 在此不充当句子成分)
4. I think what I did was right. 我认为我做的是对的。(what在从句中用作动词did的宾语)
在通常情况下,介词(except, but, in等少数介词除外)后面可以接 what 引导的从句,但不能接 that 引导的从句,所以下面句子中的 what 均不可换成 that,因为它们所引导的从句是用作介词的宾语:
1. He always stands for what is right. 对于正确的东西他总是支持的。
2. I’ll pay you back for what you did to me. 你对我做的那些事我要进行报复。
3. The company is ready to take the blame for what had happened. 公司准备对已发生的事情承担责任。
4. She felt glad at what he had said. 听到他的话她感到很高兴。
5. There are limitations on what we can spend on this tax year. 在这个税收年度里我们可以开销的项目有限。
6. A good student must connect what he reads with what he sees around him. 一个好学生必须将他所读到的东西与他周围所看到的东西联系起来。
7. He’s too particular over what he eats and drinks. 他对吃喝太挑剔。
8. He called our attention to what he said. 他提醒我们注意他说的话。
1.that / what都能引导名词性从句,如宾语从句,同位语从句,表语从句,主语从句
that 可引导宾语从句,that 不作成分 ,如 I know (that) he is hoest
what 可引导宾语从句,它要作成分, i know what he is
that引导同位语从句,表语从句,主语从句时,都不作成分,但不能省略
2that 可引导定语从句,what不能引导定语从句
如 He is the man that i helped yesterday
佘剂百亿: that 在宾语从句中不但当任何成分,没有实际意义,通常可省略.what在宾语从句中坐助于或宾语,有实际含义.
新巴尔虎左旗18591209658: 请问表语从句中that,what的区别. - ?
佘剂百亿:[答案] 您好! that是在从句的成分和含义都完整的时候使用的. 而what 是在从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语时使用的(指物). 顺带一提 这个规律是所有名词性从句都适用的,并不仅限于表语从句.【不懂可以追问哦
新巴尔虎左旗18591209658: 定语从句中WHAT和THAT怎么区分 - ?
佘剂百亿: 不用区分,定语从句不用what引导,what用于引导名词性从句. 名词性从句中,如果从句缺少成分(主语,宾语,表语) 用what引导从句; 如果从句不缺少成分,句意完整用 that 引导从句 定语从句中that指代 先行词为人或物,在从句中做主语或宾语(限 限定性定语从句)
新巴尔虎左旗18591209658: 英语中that和what所引导的从句有什么区别? - ?
佘剂百亿:[答案] that,what和which 1.that引导名词性从句时只起连接从句的作用,本身没有任何意义,因此在从句中不充当任何句子成分,它的使用须注意以下几点:A.引导宾语从句时,that常可省略,但如果主句后跟有并列宾语从句时,只能省略第...
新巴尔虎左旗18591209658: 定语从句引导词what和that的区别,麻烦详细一点 - ?
佘剂百亿: 定语从句引导词即连词中没有what. 有that,who, which,whose,whom,where 等. 1当先行词为人时用who或that . 如:He is the man that /who likes playing basketball. 2当先行词为物时用which 或that. 如:The book which /that I bought yesteday is very interesting. 总之,what 引导的是宾语从句而不是定语从句.如:I don't know what I should do next.
新巴尔虎左旗18591209658: that和what引导名词性从句的区别 - ?
佘剂百亿: that 引导名词性从句时候,从句必须不缺少成分,宾语从句的that 可以省略,表语从句,主语从句的that 不能省了 what 引导名词性从句必须从句缺少主语或者宾语
新巴尔虎左旗18591209658: that和what 主语从句的区别如题 - ?
佘剂百亿:[答案] that从句在句中不作成分如:That he did this made her angry. 但是what就有作成分如:What he did made her angry.
新巴尔虎左旗18591209658: what和that在引导从句的区别 - ?
佘剂百亿: 首先要明确这是一个宾语从句,属于名词性从句(即:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句)的一种.在名词性从句中that只起到连接的作用,在从句中不做成分.所以说如果宾语从句(名词性从句都是)从句部分不缺成分,那么你可以放心的用That,如果缺成分那么就不能考虑that,而用其他的关系词了. 定语从句中that既连接句子,还在从句中做成分.what不引导定语从句(注意哦) 而本句子的从句部分(I can not hear为主句,后面的应是you said sth为从句,sth 就是从句缺少的宾语部分 )缺少宾语,所以不能用that,只能用what来引导从句
新巴尔虎左旗18591209658: 主语从句中的what和that怎么区分 - ?
佘剂百亿:[答案] 从句成分完成用That,不完整用what谢谢采纳