初中英语被动语态

初中英语被动语态~

被动语态定义　 　英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
　　主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
　　例如：Many people speak Chinese.
　　谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 中文Chinese是动词speak的承受者。
　　1. 定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。
　　2. 构成：be+past participle(过去分词)(简称P.P.)（+by+动作执行者）（过去分词的概念见上课）
　　3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为改句的主语，主语后置，作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，不及物动词由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语，可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不及物动词，但put out是及物动词
　　4. 应用到各种时态和句型,如下：
　　① 一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done.ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有，I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended （by me）.
　　②进行时（现在进行、过去进行、将来进行）：be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned.
　　③ 完成时（现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）：have/has been + P.P.：例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如：My homework has been finished.
　　④ 其他时态 以此类推，可得到结果。
　　⑤ 情态动词的被动语态：主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词，例如Your teeth must be brushed.
　　⑥ 不定式的被动语态：to be done例：The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。） 主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况　 　① 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有 [let, make, have,help]和感官动词[feel,see,hear,watch,look at,listen to]，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
　　② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等
　　③ 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
　　例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
　　在这段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须罗嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。
　　④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.
　　⑤ 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。
　　⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动，如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
　　⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语（与主句指同一人），动名词，动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.
　　⑧ 在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word.
　　⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起状语的作用，没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.(这个女孩说了晚安并且亲了他的男朋友）
　　⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
　　�7�6 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
　　�7�7 某些词用主动表被动：sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等 被动语态的用法　　 1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
　　Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
　　I am asked to study hard.
　　Knives are used for cutting things.
　　2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
　　A new shop was built last year.
　　Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
　　3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
　　This book has been translated into many languages.
　　Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
　　4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
　　A new hospital will be built in our city.
　　Many more trees will be planted next year.
　　5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
　　Young trees must be watered often.
　　Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
　　The door may be locked inside.
　　Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
　　6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
　　Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
　　My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
　　They are planting trees over there. →
　　Trees are being planted over there by them.
　　7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
　　There are two books to be read. →
　　There are twenty more trees to be planted. 主动语态改被动语态　　 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
　　1. 先找出谓语动词；
　　2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
　　3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
　　4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
　　例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
　　2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
　　3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
　　4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
　　5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
　　6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.使用被动语态的注意问题　　 1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
　　What will happen in 100 years.
　　The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
　　2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
　　This pen writes well.
　　This new book sells well.
　　3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
　　例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
　　see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
　　A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
　　The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
　　4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
　　He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
　　He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
　　My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
　　5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
　　We can't laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
　　He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
　　The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
　　6.宾语补足语的被动语态
　　They call hin Bob./He is called Bob.　

悬挂 是一个动作
一个东西 它可以被悬挂 就可以用被动语态

如果表示 挂着一个东西 挂着 这种状态的时候 是这个物体的状态 无关动作 就不能用被动了

初中英语被动语态
一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。
二、被动语态的构成被动语态由"助动词be+及物动词的过去分词"构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。1、被动语态的时态较常见的八种，现以动词clean为例列表说明： 2、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 3、含有情态动词的被动语态　情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，"be+过去分词"部分不变。如：　Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。　Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）　Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）
三、主动语态变为被动语态　转换图示： 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：　（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：　注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：　 Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.I hit him.(主) → He was hit by me. (被)　（2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。　注意： 　They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday.　他们昨天开会了。　（3）将主动句的主语改为by的宾语，放在谓语动词后。　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。　He sang a song. → A song was sung byhim. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：　 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack. Jack told the truth to us.The truth was told to us by Jack. Tom gave me a pen.(主)I was given a pen by Tom.(被) Tom gave a pen to me. （主）A pen was given to me by Tom.(被) write, make, bring等的被动语态则只能以直接宾语（表物）作主语。You brought me a big cake. (主)A big cake was brought to me by you. (被) She wrote me a letter.(主)A letter was written to me by her.(被)
四．注意事项：1. 主动语态变为被动语态，句子的时态保持不变。I will give him a pen.(主)He will be given a pen by me.(被)我将给他一支笔。 2. 在感官动词或使役动词后作补语的动词，在被动语态中用不定式。1）I heard you talk with Peter. (主)我听到你和彼得谈话。You were heard to talk with Peter. (被)2）I saw her come out of the classroom.(主)我看见她出了教室。She was seen to come out of the classroom by me.(被)3）make/let sb do sth Sb be made/let to do sth 3. 主动语态中如用people, somebody等作主语，被动语态中可省略宾语。People eat watermelons in the summer.(主)Watermelons are eaten in the summer.(被)在夏天吃西瓜。 4. 否定句的被动语态中，not放在第一个助动词后。1) You should not blame me. (主)你不应该责怪我。I should not be blamed by you. (被)2) You should not write this letter.(主)你不应该写这封信。This letter should not be written by you.(被) 5. 疑问句的被动语态中，用BE代替DO。1) Does she drive this car?(主)Is this car driven by her?(被)2) What shall we do next?(主)What will be done by us next?(被) 6. 祈使句的被动语态形式为：let+宾语+be+过去分词。Open the door please.(主)Let the door be opened please.(被) 7. 主动语态中有复合人称代名词时，被动语态的形式为:主动语态的主语+BE+过去分词。Tom hurt himself. (主)Tom was hurt. (被) 8. 下列动词（词组）没有被动式：1）系动词：以主动形式表示被动之意常见的系动词有：① be动词 ② ……起来（7个）：look, sound, smell, taste, feel , seem, appear e.g. She seems/appears happy. It smells terrible. ③ (逐渐)变得/变成：become, grow, get, turn, come, go e.g. His wish has come true. People often went hungry in the old days. The tree is growing tall. ④ 保持：keep, stay e.g. We must keep quiet in the reading room.2）happen, take place, break out（爆发）,belong to ,cost, take3）不及物动词sell, wash, read , write, open, close, shut, lock, wear等，常用主动形式表示被动意义。　
1、An accident was happened yesterday.（×）昨天发生了一起事故。　 An accident happened yesterday.　2、The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。　3、The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。　4、This book sells well.这本书畅销。5、The kind of cloth washes well. 这种布很容易洗。6、The article reads well. 这篇文章读起来很好。 7、The supermarket opens at 8:00 in the morning. 超市在早上八点钟营业。8、The door won’t close/shut. 这门关不上。 9、The door locks easily. 这门容易锁。 10、This material wears well (won’t wear). 这种材料耐久（不耐久） 六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）　
1．一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done）　English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。　Class meeting is held every Thursday.每周四都举行班会。　The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 　
2．一般过去时(was/ were +done)　The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。　He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。　My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 　
3．一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)　A speech will be given this afternoon.今天下午有一个演讲。　A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。　I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 　4．现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done; was/ were being +done)　The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时，机器正在被修理。　The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。　A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 　
5．现在完成时(have/ has been + done)　Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。　The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 　
6．过去完成时(had been+done)　They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。　She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。　He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died.　他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。

基本结构：be +过去分词。要表示由某人做的，加by sb
时态和人称要体现在be动词上面。
比如：那块蛋糕被我吃了。the cake was eaten by me.(过去时）
会议将在两天后召开。the meeting will be held in two days. (将来时） 等等
初学者容易错的是不知道该用被动形式。比如动词填空时，所给词填什么形式，要考虑是否与主语是被动关系。比如：this kind of computer _______(sell) in many countries. 这里电脑和卖的关系是被动，一般现在时，主语为单数，所以填is sold.
被动语态难点很多，一两句说不清，说太多了也不可能马上记住。还是具体题目具体分析吧。

被动语态：相当于汉语中的被字句。
构成：S+be+P.P.+by+执行者
什么时候用被动语态，在不知道谁做的这件事时，或者不重要时，就用被动语态。
纯手写 望采纳 O(∩_∩)O~ 注释：P.P.为动词的过去分词。

be动词+V的过去分词 情态动词后面＋be＋过去分词(pp)
1.should be +pp
2.must be +pp
3.can be +pp
另外have/ has/had
have/has/had +been +pp
还有进行时态
is/are +being +pp
还有过去式的
was+being +pp(过去进行时）
had +been +pp(过去完成时）
was +pp（一般过去时）

几分钟掌握被动语态，快点来学习吧

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呼和浩特市18332425861： 初中英语的疑问句的被动语态的用法 - ？
智农小儿： 先了解被动语态的用法 被动语态的基本结构:助动词be的各种时态形式+及物动词的过去分词.1)当我们不知道动作的执行者或没有必要说明动作的执行者时,用被动语态.eg:Rice is grown in the south of China.中国南方种水稻.(一般现在时的被...

呼和浩特市18332425861： 初中英语被动语态构成及例句? - ？
智农小儿：[答案] 在主动句中,主语作为动作的执行者:Masked thieves stole a valuable painting from the museum last naght.(昨天夜里蒙面窃贼从博物馆里盗走了一幅价值连城的油画.) 将这个句子变为被动句时,动词的宾语就成为主句:A valuable painting was ...

呼和浩特市18332425861： 初中被动语态讲解 - ？
智农小儿： 中考英语被动语态完全手册一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的.英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.巧记为:主动、主动、主去动. 例如:Many people speak English. 谓语...

呼和浩特市18332425861： 初中阶段英语被动语态的有哪些形式?考点? ？
智农小儿： 被动语态英语中时态很多,但语态不多,只有两种,即:主动语态和被动语态.今天我们着重讲被动语态. 1. 定义:被动语态,即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的...

呼和浩特市18332425861： 初中阶段英语被动语态的有哪些形式?考点? - ？
智农小儿： LZ你好 . 考点: 一般现在时:主语+am/is/are+P.P(P.P是过去分词的缩写.) 一般过去时:主语+was/were+P.P 一般将来时:主语+will+be+P.P 现在进行时:主语+am/is/are+being+P.P 现在完成时:主语+have/has+been+P.P 含有情态动词的被动语态结构:主语+can/may/must/should+be+P.P 拓展: 过去将来时:主语+would+be+P.P 过去完成时:主语+had+been+P.P

呼和浩特市18332425861： 请问谁有初三英语被动语态详解和句型实例 - ？
智农小儿：[答案] 被动语态4 步曲 第1步:被动语态结构 被动语态的时态通过助动词be的变化来表示.经常考查的被动语态结构有: 一般现在时:am / is / are + 及物动词的-ed形式 一般过去时:was / were + 及物动词的-ed形式 一般将来时:will / shall + be + 及物动词的-...

呼和浩特市18332425861： 初中英语被动语态？
智农小儿： 被动语态就是 主语是动作的承受者 构成 be(am is are were was]+东西过去分词 举几个例子 This watch will be repaired by my father 这个手表将会被我爸爸 修理 the money had been wrapped up in newspaper 钱被用报纸包起来了