计算机英语 第五章 翻译
3.4.7 Object Database usage through Java APIs
通过3.4.7对象数据库使用Java的api
Getting Started with JPA and Eclipse
起步,与JPA和一次月食
This tutorial demonstrates how ease it is to create and run a simple Object Database
这篇教程说明减缓这是建立并运行一个简单的对象数据库
application in Eclipse using ObjectDB and JPA.
应用使用ObjectDB和JPA湮没无闻。
The demonstrated application uses JPA to store and retrieve simple Point entity objects ,where each Point has two persistent fields -X and Y.
展现应用程序使用JPA储存和找回简单的地步,在那里每一点实体对象有两个持久化属性-X和Y。
If you already know JPA-the source code will be straightforward.
如果你已经知道JPA-the简单的源代码。
That is one of the benefits of ObjectDB, which is the only Objects, Database with built in support of JPA.
这是ObjectDB带来的好处,这是唯一的物体,数据库支持JPA建造。
For this tutorial, besides the Java JDK and the Eclipse IDE (either Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers or Eclipse IDE for Java Developers), you only need to download and extract the ObjectDB distribution zip file to somewhere on your dirve.
在教程中,除了爪哇了日食和月食IDE(或IDE对Java EE开发商或蚀IDE对Java开发人员),你只需要下载和提取压缩文件的地方ObjectDB分布在你的dirve。
The distribution zip contains everything necessary( no external dependencies).
压缩包含任何需要分布(没有外部的依赖)。
This tutorial consists of the following steps:
这篇教程由以下步骤进行:
Step1: Create an ObjectDB Enabled Project
步骤1:创造一个ObjectDB使项目
Step2: Define a JPA Entity Class
第二步:定义一个JPA实体类
Step3: Add a Main class
再增加一个主要班
Step4; Run the application
将运行的应用。
1.
1。
Step 1: Create an ObjectDB Enabled Project
第一步:创建一个ObjectDB使项目
We start by ctreating a new Eclipse Project,using:
我们先ctreating一个新的蚀项目,使用:
File>New>Project...
新文件> >工程…
If you are using Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developers, you can see in the [New] menu a command for creating a[JPA Project].
如果你使用蚀IDE对Java EE开发者,你能看到在[新]菜单命令创建一个[JPA项目)。
We are not using that type of project
我们不会用这种类型的项目
in this utuorial but rather an ordinary Java Project.
在这个utuorial而是一个普通的爪哇项目。
In the [New Project] dialog box:
在[新项目]对话框:
Select Java Project and Click Next.
选择爪哇项目,并点击下一步。
Choose a Project Name (e.g.
选择一个项目名称(例如。
ObjectDB Tutorial) and click Next.
ObjectDB教程),并点击下一步。
In the Libraries tab, click Add External JAPs... and select the objectdb.jar file from the bin subdirectory of the ObjectDB installation directoy:
在图书馆的标签,点击添加外部日本…,选择objectdb.jar文件从垃圾桶ObjectDB安装的子目录directoy:
Gateway (Gateway) and net between connectors, protocol converters. In the transport layer to realize network interconnection, is the most complicated network interconnection equipment and will only be used for the top two different network interconnection agreement. Gateway can be used either for wan interconnection, can also be used for local interconnect. A gateway is a kind of burden transformation as a computer system or equipment. In the use of different communication protocols, data format or language structure, even two different systems, a gateway is a FanYiQi. With Bridges simply message is different, the gateway to pack the information received, in order to adapt to the demand of the system. At the same time, gateways can also provide filtering and security function. Most of the seven layers of the OSI run in the gateway of the top application-layer protocol.
As we all know, from a room to another room, must pass a door. Also, from one to another, and send information network must pass a "pass", this is the gateway to pass. Just as its name implies, Gateway (Gateway) is a network connection to another level of network ". In the OSI, gateway has two kinds: one kind is connection-oriented gateway, a connectionless gateway. When a certain distance between two subnet, often be a gateway into two halves, with a link between connected, we call half gateway. According to different classification standard, also have very many. Gateways, The TCP/IP protocol gateways are the most commonly used in here, we speak of "gateway" are under the TCP/IP protocol gateways. So what exactly is gateway? In a gateway to the Internet and other network IP address. For example, there are network and network, the network of B IP address range for "192.168.1.1-192. 168.1.254", the subnet mask for 255.255.255.0, B IP address range network for 192.168.2.1 ~ 192.168.2.254 ", "the subnet mask for 255.255.255.0. In no circumstances, the router is not between two network for TCP/IP communications, even two network connection in the same switch (or hub), the TCP/IP protocol would also according to the subnet mask (255.255.255.0) in the two network judgement at different networks. And to achieve this network of communication between the two, then must through the gateway. If A packet network in the main purpose that is not local networks, put forward the packet to its own gateway, again by forwarding gateway to the network, network gateways B the gateway to transmit to B A host of network B (figure). A network to forward packets of network. Say so, only set good gateway IP address, the TCP/IP protocol to realize the interaction between the different network communication. So the IP address is the IP address of the machine? The IP address of the gateway is a routing functions of the IP address of the equipment, equipment for a router routing function, opening the routing protocol server (substantially equivalent to a router), proxy server (equivalent to a router). In the interactive network and Novell NetWare, in the context of the gateway to the server Windows used in network information block (SMB) agreement and the core network NetWare agreement (NCP) NetWare plays a role of bridge between. Gateway is also called the IP router.，你可以去试试
一个完整的计算机系统包括硬件系统和软件系统两部分。硬件由物理部件和所有的相关设备组成．软件是指为计算机所写的程序．人们有可能对计算机软件的方方面面都非常熟悉而不必了解计算机硬件址如何工作的细节：人们也可能改计计算机硬件的某一部分而不知道这一设备的功能，然而对于那些从事与计算机体系结构相关工作的人，则应该同时具备软件和硬件两方面的知识．因为这两者相互影晌．
在本章里．找们将介绍程序设计的步骤、程序设计语言的发展、编译或汇编程序、面向对象的程序设计、可视化编程、因特网编程。
5 .1 程序设计的步骤
程序是计 算机处理数据时必须遵循的一系列指令。这些指令由用程序设计语言写成的语句组成。程序设计又称为软件工程，是一个为了编写这些指令而进行的由多个步骤组成的处理过程．在传统上程序设计是由5 个步骤组成的解决问理的过程，这5 个步骤如下。
1．策1 步，问题定义
这一步需要分析对象、输出 、输入和处理任务，研究可行性并最终写出文档。
2 ．策2 步：程序设计
这一步包括确定程序逻辑．用伪码和/或流程图（最好给出控制结构）进行详细设计．用结构化的走查方法来测试设计。例如，结构化程序设计分3 个小的步骤设计。首光，
在程序模块和系统结构图的基础上应用自顶向下的方式设计程序逻辑。然后进行详细设计．可以使用文字描述的形式、伪码形式或流程图的图形方式．最后．用结构化走查方法对设计进行测试。
3 .第3 步：程序编码
编写程序的过程称为编码．编码包含把用伪码或流程图描述的逻辑要求转换为用程序设计语言描述，程序设计语言是将字母、数字和符号按照形成程序的语法规则进行排列．尽管编码只是程序设计的5 个步骤之一但许多人在谈到程序设计时想到的就是编码．
4 .第4 步；程序测试
程序测试可用如手工检查和调试程序等多种测试方法．以运行实际数据来确定程序的正确性．
5. 第5 步：程序文档和维护
文档的编制涉及到参与程序设计的每一个人― 用户、操作员和程序员。因此文档又分为用户文档、操作员文档和程序员文档．用户文档既要解释如何使用软件又要解释如何利用文档．它还应包含当用户遇到错误时应如何处理等信息．操作员文档提供如何操作的信息．文档中应该提供程序出现异常时如何处理的信息，程序员文档提供理解程序内部处理逻辑和运行的关键信息．编写文档并不仅仅是程序设计的最后一个步骤，它贯穿在前述程序设计的每个步骤之中。维护是为保证程序正常运行、避免出错和更新而设计的活动．它包括调整、更换、维修、测量、测试等．
5 . 2 程序设计语言的发展
程序是指导计算机完成要求的数据处理任务的一系列指令和语句。有许多种程序设计语言可用来编写计算机程序．传统上将计算机程序设计语言划分为5 个级别或5 代．它们是；
．第1 代语言― 机器语言
．第2 代语言― 汇编语言
．第3 代语言― 高级语言
．第4 代语言― 超高级语言
．第5 代语言― 自然语言
1 ．机器语言
机器语言是最低级的程序设计语言。该语言用二进制数位表示微处理器完成某些特定的操作．当微处理器读取和执行一条指令时，该指令就是机器语言指令。计算机硬件只能识别这种形式的指令．然而程序员在阅读这些程序时将很难理解当这些程序执行时会得到什么结果，因此程序员不用机器语言编写程序．取而代之．用高级语言或汇编语言编写的程序先被转换为机器语言．然后再让计算机执行。机器语言是面向机器平台的．因为每种微处理器及其系列中前期型号处理器都有自己的机器语言．
2 .汇编语言
汇编语言是一种抽象级别相当低的语言。与机器语言一样，每种微处理器都有其自己的汇编语言。在一种微处理器上编写的汇编语言不能在具有与此不同微处理器的计算机上运行．只有一种极其重要的例外．开发微处理器的公司在设计新处理器的时候都要求其与本公司以往的微处理器向下兼容．例如．Intel 公司的Pentium III微处理器能够运行在其以前任何一种PentiumII 、Pentium Pro 、Pentium、80486、80386 、80286 和8086微处理器上用汇编语言编写的程序―基本上在IBM 兼容机上编写的任何代码．由于向下兼容．人们可以购买一台安装有最新微处理器的计算机而继续使用其在旧机器上运行的同一软件。这种资金和时间的节省．是微处理器和汇编语言指令集设计时重要的市场考虑．
与高级语言不同．汇编语言中的指令能够直接操纵存储在微处理器内部部件中的数据。汇编语言指令可以将数据从内存加载到微处理器的寄存器，将数值相加．及执行许多其他处理。汇编语言不独立于系统平台。
Chapter fifth programming and language
A complete computer system consists of hardware system and software system in two parts. Hardware consists of the physical components and all related equipment. Software refers to computer programs written. It possible for computer software aspects are very familiar with and do not need to know how to work the computer hardware address details: people may also change meter computer hardware is a part and do not know the equipment function, but for those working with computer architecture related work, should at the same time with the hardware and software two aspects of knowledge . Because of this both and mutual influence.
In this chapter we will introduce. Find programming steps, programming language development, the compiler or assembler, object oriented programming, visual programming, Internet programming.
A complete computer system should includes both hardware and software. Hardware is made up of physical parts and other related equipment, and software is some programs writ for computer. People can be familiar to more and more of software other than know details how hardware works. Also, people may change one part of the hardware without knowing its function. However, those who work some computer-architecture relevant must master both software and hardware knowledge, as they are influencing each other.
In this chapter, we will introduce steps of program design, development of programming language, compiler or assembler, object oriented programming, visual programming and internet programming.
Chapter 5 program design and language
A total computer system includes hardware system and software system of two parts. Hardware by physical unit and all relevant equipment composition. Software for computer refers to the written procedures. People are likely to all aspects of the computer software is very familiar with and don't necessarily know about computer hardware address how to work details: people may also change a part of computer hardware meter and don't know the equipment function, but for those engaged in and computer architecture related working people, it should have both software and hardware two knowledge. For this absence made between the two.
In this chapter. We will introduce the program design steps, program design language development, the compiler or assembler, object-oriented program design, visual programming, Internet programming.
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