英语中.直接引语和间接引语之间应该怎样转换？

谁能告诉我英语的直接引语和间接引语的定义和如何转换？~

直接引语与间接引语之间的转换
一、人称变化
口诀：一从主、二从宾、三不变。
例：He said to Tom,“I can help you.” ☞ He said to Tom that he could help him.
He said to her,“You can help them.” ☞ He told her that she could help them.
He said to Tom,“They can help you.” ☞ He told Tom that they could help him.
二、时态变化
如果主句为过去的某种时态，则间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。
①一般现在时☞一般过去时
Tina said,“I usually get up at six.”☞ Tina said she usually got up at six.
②一般过去时☞过去完成时
Martin told me,“I rang Alice yesterday.”☞ Martin told me that he had rung Alice the day before.
③现在进行时☞过去进行时
Rose told me,“Lisa is studying English.” ☞ Rose told me that Lisa was studying English.
④一般将来时☞过去将来时
Sally said to me,“I will see you tomorrow.” ☞ Sally said to me that she would see me the next day.
⑤现在完成时☞过去完成时
Jack said,“I have finished my homework.” ☞ Jack said that he had finished his homework.
⑥过去完成时☞过去完成时
Peter told me,“I had worked here for years before I moved out.”
☞ Peter told me that he had worked here for years before he moved out.
注意：以下四种情况不需要变换时态
①直接引语有确定的过去时间：
Tom said,“The story took place in the 1930s.” ☞ Tom said that the story took place in the 1930s.
②所转述的动作或状态在说话时仍在继续，并对此点加以强调时：
The reporter said,“The rain is now still on.” ☞ The reporter said the rain is now still on.
③所转述的是自然现象、科学真理、名言警句等，并对此加以强调：
Our English teacher said,“A good beginning is half done.”
☞ Our English teacher said that a good beginning is half done
④直接引语是习惯性动作：
Billy said,“I usually get up at 5:30 and go to school at 7:00.”
☞ Billy said that he usually gets up at 5:30 and goes to school at 7:00.
三、情态动词变化
①can ☞ could
Jack asked his teacher,“Can I turn in the homework tomorrow?”
☞ Jack asked his teacher if he could turn in the homework the next day.
②must ☞ had to,must
Lucy told Lily,“You must get out of here.” ☞ Lucy told Lily that she must get out of here.
③will ☞ would
Tom said,“I will be there tomorrow.” ☞ Tom said that he would be there the next day.
④may ☞ might
Amy said,“I may go to school.” ☞ Amy said that she might go to school.
⑤shall ☞ should
Scott said,“Shall I go with the family?” ☞ Scott said that if he should go with his family.
四、时间状语变化
now ☞ then today ☞ that day this evening ☞ that evening yesterday ☞ the day before
yesterday morning ☞ the morning before last night ☞ the night before two days ago ☞ two days before
next week ☞ the next week/the following week tomorrow ☞ the next day/the following day
the day before yesterday ☞ two days before the day after tomorrow ☞ in two days time/two days after

1、改变人称，即第一人称（或第三人称）改为第三人称（或第一人称），如果原句中出现了第二人称，则改为双引号以外的具体人称。
2、改动标点符号，冒号与逗号互换，去掉或加入双引号。
3、如果遇到问句，则需要改为表示商量的祈使句。
比如：
1、他们说：“皇帝死后将成为神。” [直接引语]
他们说，那个皇帝死后将成为神。[间接引语]
2、鲁迅说：“我的信如果要发表，且有发表的地方，我可以同意。”[直接引语] 
鲁迅说，他的信如果要发表，且有发表的地方，他可以同意。 [间接引语]

扩展资料：
1、直接引语如果表示客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。
2、主句谓语为一般现在时，变间接引语时，若主句谓语时态不变仍为一般现在时，从句时态也不变。
3、直接引语有明确表示时间的词语，变间接引语时，时态不变。
4、直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求）。

1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或 whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。句末不用问号。
→ My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music. 我老师问我是否喜欢美国乡村音乐。
→ He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。
2．否定的一般疑问句和选择问句
如果直接引语为否定的一般问句或选择疑问句时，用whether�9�0or 连接。
→ She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not. 她问我是知道她的电话号码。
→ Tom asked me whether I liked this one or that one. 汤姆问我是喜欢这个还是那个。
3．特殊疑问句
间接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语前仍然用特殊疑问词作为连词引导宾语从句，注意从句必须用陈述语序，主句谓语动词常用ask。
→ She asked me how many books I had. 她问我有多少本。
4.其它英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时，往往采用其他的形式。
①．suggest doing
→ Michael suggested going to the film tonight. 迈克尔建议今晚都去看电影。
He suggested having a drink. 他建议喝一杯。
②．advise sb to do
James advised me to go hiking. 詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。
③. offer to do
He offered to ost the letter. 他主动提出寄信。

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