现在分词的用法有哪些？

现在分词有几种用法，分别是什么成分~

现在分词的变化形式与用法_好看视频

1. 现在分词（短语）作表语
(1) 分词作表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词作表语，一种是过去分词作表语，究竟是用现在分词还是用过去分词作表语是学生们经常困惑的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite，interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是－ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用－ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...， 若人/ 物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb/sth is interesting。这类词常见的有：
interesting 使人感到高兴 — interested感到高兴的
exciting令人激动的— excited感到激动的

如：
Traveling is interesting but tiring.
旅行是有趣的，但是使人疲劳
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.
如果让学生学得太多，他们会感到糊涂的。

(2) 分词作表语时，相当于形容词，不可与构成进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式是一样但可以从意义上予以区别。试比较：
The film is moving.
这电影很感人。（表语，说明主语的性质）
They are moving next Sunday ．
他们下个周日搬家。（现在进行时，表示动作）

2. 现在分词（短语）作定语
(1) 单个的现在分词作定语时通常前置。如：
I’m reading an interesting novel.
我在读一本非常有趣的小说。

(2) 现在分词短语作定语时通常后置，相当于一个定语从句。如：
Most of the young teachers working in the university are Ph.D. .
在这所大学工作的大多数年轻教师都是博士。（
3. 现在分词（短语）作状语
(1) 现在分词（短语）作时间状语
Walking along the street one day, sha saw a little girl running up to her.
(=when she was walking along the street one day .)
有一天当她正沿着大街向前走时，她看见一个小女孩朝她跑了过来。

现在分词（短语）作结果状语
Jane fell off the bike，cutting her leg.
简从自行车上摔下，划破了腿。

(4) 现在分词（短语）作条件状语
Working hard, you will succeed.
努力工作，你就会成功。

(5) 现在分词（短语）作让步状语
Such committees， being evenly balanced， almost never succeed in making unequivocal judgements.
这种委员会虽然代表性很均衡，但几乎从未做出十分明确的决断。

(6) 现在分词（短语）作方式状语
She came running back to tell usthe news
她跑着回来告诉我们这个消息。

(7) 现在分词（短语）作伴随状语
His wife came into the house carrying a bundle of clothes.
他妻子拿着一包衣服走进屋内。
Raymond entered college at the age of eighteen，graduating four years later at the head of his class.
雷蒙德18岁上大学，4年之后毕业时名列前茅。


(8) 现在分词（短语）在某些固定结构中作状语
① 现在分词（短语）在spend time / money / energy doing中作状语。如：
I wish you wouldn’t spend so much time watching television.
我希望你不要花这么多时间看电视。

4. 现在分词（短语）作宾语补足语
(1)现在分词（短语）在感官动词feel，hear，notice，observe，perceive，see，smell，watch，listen to，look at等之后作宾补。如：
I saw the naughty boy hitting the dog.
我看见那个顽皮孩子打狗。
One could hear her singing as she ran upstairs.
你可以听到她边唱歌边跑上楼。
We found him waiting to receive us.
我们发现他等着欢迎我们。
Many people observed the ship leaving the harbor.
许多人看到船驶离了港口。


(2) 现在分词（短语）在使役动词get，have 及bring(致使)，keep(使)，leave（使），send(使)，set（使开始）， start（使开始）等之后作宾补。如：
The doctor will soon have you walking about again.
医生将很快地使你能再走动。（have在此表示允诺）
I won’t have you shouting at me the way.
我不容许你这样对我喊叫。（have在此用于不允许）
The children kept the fire burning all the time.
孩子使火一直燃烧着。


(3) 现在分词（短语）在其他动词catch，detect，discover，find，want等之后作宾补。如：
The manager caught me smoking in the office again.
经理又抓住我在办公室抽烟了。
We don’t want you becoming too confident.
我不希望你变得太自信。
I found her reading in bed.
我发现她在床上看书。

1、 分词作状语
　　分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。

　　分词（短语）作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句中主语相一致。.当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时, 则用现在分词的完成式,当所表示动作与谓语动作同时发生, 则用现在分词的一般式。完成或被动关系用过去分词。

　　（1）现在分词The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking.

　　（2）过去分词Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station. Given better attention, the plants could grow better.

　　2、"while ( when, once, until, if , though等从属连词)+分词"结构

　　现在分词或过去分词作状语时，有时可以在分词前加while，when, once, although, until, if等从属连词。

　　When leaving the airport, she waved again and again to us. While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with my sister about her work……

　　Once recovered, he threw himself into his work and made every effort to do it well.

　　Although working very hard, he failed to pass the final exam. If translated word by word, the passage will be difficult to understand.

　　3、分词作定语
　　分词作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的名词(即与名词有主谓关系)，过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词(即与名词是动宾关系)。

　　We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.

　　This is really an exhausting day to all of us!

　　We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.

　　After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.

　　More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries

　　4、分词作宾语补足语
　　现在分词在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官动词和look at, listen to等短语动词以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役动词后面与名词或代词构成复合宾语，作宾语补语的成分。

　　5、分词作表语分词作表语通常看作形容词来用。现在分词表示主语的性质，而且主语多为物；过去分词表示主语的感受或状态，主语多为人。

编辑本段二.现在分词的用法：　　1) 做表语：

　　He was very amusing.

　　That book was rather boring.

　　很多动词的现在分词都可以作表语：

　　exciting, interesting, encouraging, disappointing, confusing, touching, puzzling.

　　2) 作定语：

　　上面所出现的现在分词都可以用作定语, 修饰一个名词：

　　That must have been a terrifying experience.

　　I found him a charming person.

　　现在分词短语还可以放在名词的后面修饰名词, 相当于一个定语从句：

　　There are a few boys swimming in the river.

　　There is a car waiting outside.

　　3) 作状语：

　　现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作：

　　Following Tom, we started to climb the mountain.

　　Opening the drawer, he took out a box.

　　Taking a key out of his pocket, he opened the door.

　　现在分词短语还可以表示原因, 相当于一个原因状语从句：

　　Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.

　　Being unemployed, he hasn’t got much money.

　　现在分词短语还可以表示时间, 相当于一个时间状语从句：

　　Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

　　Returning home, he began to do his homework.

　　Jim hurt his arm while playing tennis.

　　Be careful when crossing the road.

　　Having found a hotel, we looked for somewhere to have dinner.

　　Having finished her work, she went home.

　　4)作宾补：

　　现在分词在一些动词之后可以做宾语的补语：

　　例如, see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.

　　I see him passing my house every day.

　　I caught him stealing things in that shop.

　　I smelt something burning.

　　She kept him working all day.

编辑本段三.过去分词的用法：　　1) 作表语：

　　We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.

　　She felt confused, and even frightened.

　　They were very pleased with the girl.

　　I’m satisfied with your answer.

　　He is not interested in research.

　　2) 作定语：

　　She has a pleased look on her face.

　　The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.

　　cooked food a written report

　　fried eggs boiled water

　　frozen food armed forces

　　required courses fallen leaves

　　finished products a forced smile

　　the risen sun new arrived visitors

　　What’s the language spoken in that country?

　　They’re problem left over by history.

　　The play put on by the teachers was a big success.

　　Is there anybody injured?

　　Do you know the number of books ordered?

　　3)作状语：

　　Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.

　　Given good health, I hope to finish the work this year.

　　They came in, followed by some children.

　　Depressed, he went to see his elder sister.

　　When treated with kindness, he was very amiable.

　　4)作宾补：

　　过去分词也同样可以作宾语的补语， 接在某些动词后面

　　I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.

　　When they get back home, they found the room robbed.

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