宾语从句中引导词的选择。要一般固定的规律,例如在定语从句中缺少主语,先行词又是人时,那就只能用Which

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什么是在定语从句中的先行词?关系代词?句子中的主语宾语表语状语又分别是什么~

先行词就是被定语从句修饰的词
关系代词和关系副词是引导定语从句的语that which who when where ...

This is the thief(that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days.
此句里面 the thief 就是先行词 (我们近日一直在找的小偷) that/who/whom 就是关系代词
主语就是动作的执行者
定语从句(that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. 中
动作是 look for 它的执行者就是 we 也就是从句的主语
宾语就是在动词及短语,介词后面的成份 我们常说动宾 介宾 就是这个道理
那么look for 后面实际是look for (the thief) the thief 用关系代词that/who/whom 来代替了 那么就也是说that/who/whom是look for的宾语,所以可以省略
你要记住,关系代词代替的就是先行词,把先行词放在定语从句中,定语从句可以成为一个完整的句子.
表语是be动词和系动词后面的词
状语就是表示时间了 地点了 原因这些

定语从句
定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有: when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)

2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换), 例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。

3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)

关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?

2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。

判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如:
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.

判断改错(注:先显示题,再显示答案,横线;用不同的颜色表示出。)
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。

方法二: 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案:例1 D,例2 A

例1变为肯定句: This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句: This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum 词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语) 。

限制性和非限制性定语从句
1) 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开,例如:
This is the house which we bought last month. 这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2) 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的,例如:
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。

3) 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数,例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。

说明:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。

介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2)that前不能有介词。
3) 某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

as, which 非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.

典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。

2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。

3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
(1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而 which不可。
(2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中,prevent由于是行为动词,所以正确选项应为B。

As 的用法
例1. the same… as;such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语;例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。

先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.
(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)
2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.
(what 可以用all that代替)

what/whatever;that/what; who/whoever
1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything
What you want has been sent here.
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.
2) who= the person that whoever= anyone who
(错)Who breaks the law will be punished.
(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
(对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.
(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear.
3) that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时 ,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从 句, 用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略。
I think (that) you will like the stamps.
What we need is more practice.

关系代词that 的用法
1)不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在there be 句型中,只用that,不用which。
b) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
c) 先行词有the only, the very修饰时,只用that。
d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.
e) 先行词既有人,又有物时。

举例:
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。

1.限制性定语从句中,只用that的情况
1当先行词被everything anying nothing (something除外)all none few little some等不定代词,或受every any each all some no little few much 等代词修饰时。注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔可用关系代词who。
2当先行词被序数词修饰时
3当先行词被最高级修饰时
4当先行词被the very the only等修饰时
5若有俩个定语从句,其中一个关系词已用,则另一个用that
6当先行词为人与物时
7当句中有who时,为避免重复
8用作关系代词,修饰表示时间的名词(如day time)

如还有疑问请追问 谢谢!

这个很简单的楼主,你只要记住下面的。

关系代词:定语从句中缺少主语,宾语或者表语,先行词是人,就用who。缺少宾语,先行词是人,用whom。缺少主语,宾语,先行词是物,用 which。缺少主语,宾语,表语,先行词是人或物,用 that。缺少定语,先行词是人或物,用 whose。
关系副词:定语从句中缺少时间状语,用when,缺少地点状语,用where,缺少原因状语,用why。同时,这些关系副词又可用相应的介词加上which来代替。。

打了半天,,

定语从句中是人引导词可用that、which、who、whom、whose。
例如:
She is the girl who sings best of all.(关系代词who在从句中作主语)
that作宾语引导词可省略。

引导词做宾语时可省略。

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方乳克塞: if和whether的选择要注意 有or not的话用whether discuss用 whether 介词后用whether 句首用whether(记得好象有那么一条?) 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,要点是疑问词在从句中担当相应成分(而在主句中担任的当然就是宾语了) 如 I wonder ...

延安市19681522403: 宾语从句的知识点 -
方乳克塞:[答案] 用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句.宾语从句不仅可以用作及物动词的宾语,还可以用作介词或某些形容词的宾语.宾语从句的语序只能用作陈述句语序. 一、宾语从句的引导词 1.由连词that引导,在口语或非正式文体中可以省略.例如: He said he would go to ...

延安市19681522403: 宾语从句的引导词有哪些,怎么用啊 -
方乳克塞:[答案] 引导词有 连词that,whether,if, 关系代词what,who,whose,which 和关系副词when,where,how,why等. 时态:1·主句用一般现在时,从句可用任意时. 2·主句用过去时,从句用过去某个时态. 3·主句用过去时,从句是真理时,只用一般现在时. 1....

延安市19681522403: 宾语从句的引导词怎么选?宾语从句的引导词怎么选,细细的介绍一下. -
方乳克塞:[答案] if和whether的选择要注意有or not的话用whetherdiscuss用 whether介词后用whether句首用whether(记得好象有那么一条?)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,要点是疑问词在从句中担当相应成分(而在主句中担任的当然就是宾语了)...

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