求英语语法现在完成时讲解，例子，习题（附答案）

求初二英语语法现在完成时练习题~

现在完成时专项练习
一、 单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already B.never C.ever D.still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A.has changed ; well B.changed ; good C.has changed ; better D.changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .
A.will see B.have seen C.saw D.see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished
C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
12、—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
13、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months . A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
A. is B. has C. will D. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
A.has gone B. went C.will go D. has been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university
21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
22. I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
23.The factory ____ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
24.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
25.You mustn't_____ until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left
26.The meeting _____ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
27.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
28.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
29. I ______ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
30. How long _______ he ________ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
31. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon. A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept
32.He ________ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had
33.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
34.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take
36.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
37.Are you _____ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on
38.He ________ for 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
39. Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
40.----- How long can I ______ the book?
------ Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
二、 句型转换。
1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）
2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) have they been here?
3、The old man _______ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换)
This factory ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao _____ ____ _____ _____ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________
三、 汉译英。
1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。
2、 他昨天收到一封信。
3、 我父亲以前到过长城。
4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、 她去过上海。
6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？

参考答案：
一、单项选择。
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是B。
2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。
3、C
4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。
5、C
6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。
7、C
8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。
9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。
10、B
11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。
12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。
16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确答案为A。
17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C
二、句型转换。
1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead
4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago
7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
三、汉译英。
1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.
2、He received a letter yesterday.
3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.
4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.
5、She has been to Shanghai.
6、Where has he been these days？

用一般过去时是对的。在这个句子中，my car broke down是一个在行进过程中的有始有终的动作。尽管这个动作给“我”带来了某种结果，但car的动作却没有延续性，而且在过去的时间里已经结束。这样的思维方式在使用英语时比比皆是。例：
I didn't see the banana skin in the door way. I've hurt myself.

现在完成时
现在完成时是英文时态的一种

现在完成时的用法
have(has)+过去分词(done)
1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.
Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句)
7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
===================
现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”

1.现在完成时的"完成用法"

现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。

例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)

现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。

例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？

2.现在完成时的"未完成用法"

现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。

例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)

I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)

此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。

例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。

注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。

(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：

①主语＋have / has been＋for短语

②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句

例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了
一.have/has been doing sth.
1.现在完成进行时
当后面接有一段时间的词时,或是加表示时间的词时,可以用现在完成时.如果这件事现在还在持续或还在做,则可用
现在完成进行时.
如:I have been skating for 4 hours.
I have finished my homework.
2.现在完成时的被动语态.
后接动词的过去分词.
如:The building has been built for 5 years.
二.一般现在时:用动词原形
一般过去时:用动词的过去式
一般将来时:will/shall+do
is/am/are going to do
过去将来时:could/would do
现在完成时:have/has done
过去完成时:had done
将来完成时:shall have done
过去将来完成时:would/could have done
现在进行时:is/am/are doing
过去进行时:was/were doing
将来进行时:will/shall be doing
过去将来进行时:would/could be doing
现在完成进行时:have/has been doing
过去完成进行时:had been doing
将来完成进行时:shall have been doing
过去将来完成进行时:would have been doing

现在完成进行时，是英语中，动词的一种基本时态，其构成为：主语+助动词（have/has）+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。其表达的意思有两种：1.表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。2.表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。

现在完成进行时(Present perfect continuous) 　　主语+have（has）been+动词-ing
（一）表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 　　
The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years. 　　
中国有2000年的造纸历史。（动作还将继续下去） 　　
I have been learning English since three years ago. 　　
自从三年前以来我一直在学英语。 　　（动作还将继续下去）
I study for English since 10 years ago. 　　

（二）表示在说话时刻之前到现在正在进行的动作。
　　
We have been waiting for you for half an hour. 　　
我们已经等你半个钟头了(人还没到，如同在电话里说的，还会继续等) 　　

（三）有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。 　　
They have been living in this city for ten years. 　　
They have lived in this city for ten years. 　　
他们在这个城市已经住了10年了。 　　
I have been working here for five years. 　　
I have worked here for five years. 　　我在这里已经工作五年了。 　　
(四）大多数现在完成进行时的句子不等同于现在完成时的句子。 　　
I have been writing a book.（动作还将继续下去） 　　
我一直在写一本书。 　　I have written a book.（动作已经完成） 　
我已经写了一本书。 　　They have been building a bridge. 　　
他们一直在造一座桥。 　　They have built a bridge. 　　他们造了一座桥。 　　
（五）表示状态的动词不能用于现在完成进行时。 　　
I have known him for years. 　　我认识他已经好几年了。 　　
I have been knowing... 　　
这类不能用于现在完成进行时的情态动词还有：love爱，like喜欢，hate讨厌，等等

在完成时的结构
　　现在完成时由“have/has+过去分词”构成，主要有两个含义： 　　①表示动作发生在过去，但与现在的情况有联系，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如：many times，just，yet，ever，never，just，already，before，so far, by now等连用。 　　②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作，用于延续性动词，且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语，如：since + 时间点/从句，for two months, so far等。 　　二 、1）现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作，但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响，并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去；2）而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系，仅表示过去的动作，且这一动作到说话时已终止。因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间如：in1949，yesterday，last week等的状语连用，并且用when或where对这些时间和地点状语提问时，一般只用一般过去时。 　　三、在“it is first/second...time that...。”或在“it/this/that is the +最高级+名词+that...。”结构中，that从句中的动词常用现在完成时；在“it + be ...+since从句”这一结构中，be可用一般现在时或现在完成时，since从句一般用过去时。

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