初中英语情态动词的用法

英语情态动词用法与归纳~

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。


情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) .

情态动词的位置:

情态动词在句中放在谓语动词之前, 谓语动词前若有助动词,则在助动词之前,疑问句中, 情态动词则在主语之前。

情态动词的特点:

情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去，现在或将来。

情态动词的用法:

can (could) 表示说话人能,可以,同意,准许,以及

客观条件许可,could 为 can 的过去式。

Must 必须,应该,一定,准是, 表示说话人认为有必要做某事, 命令, 要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。

must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。

must + have + 过去分词,表示现在对过去事物的推测。

must 和 have to 的区别: must 表示说话人的主观思想, have to 表示客观需要。

need 是一个情态动词, 他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样, 但 need 还可当作实义动词使用, 这时 need 就象其他动词一样,有第三人称,单复数, 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。

needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。

dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。

ought 应当,应该 后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。

ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。

ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。

will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式,

will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。

Shall, should表示命令,警告,允诺,征求,劝告,建议惊奇。

have to,不得不,必须,表示客观条件只能如此, 而must 则表示主观思想必须

1
中学英语情态动词用法归纳与练习

A
can / could = be able to

1
表示能力两种时态
can (could)
，其他时态要用
be able to
的形式

He can speak French.
Was/were able to
可以表示成功做成某事的含义
* managed to do / succeeded in doing

2
表示请求或许可

Could
比

Can
更加客气



Can I go now? Y
es, you can.
3
表示推测或可能性，常用于否定句和疑问句

Today is Sunday. He can't be at school.


Could have done
可用在肯定句中表示过去存在的可能性
* may have done
She could have gone out with some friends yesterday
.
Could have done
可以表示虚拟语气

,
某事可能发生（并没有发生）

It was silly to throw the TV out of the window. It could have hit somebody.
B may and might
的用法

1
表示请求和允许

类似用法
can could(
更加口语化
)
May I watch TV now?
Y
es, you may
.
2
表示可能性
;
猜测
might
比
may
更加不确定
may/might have done
对过去的揣测
*
May not
可能不；不可能；一定不可

3
表示祝愿

Wish you success! May you succeed!*
C must and have to
1
表示必须；一定要

可以用

have to
代替


must
现在；将来的必须

而且是主观看法
*
have to
有多种时态

而且强调客观情况

I really must stop smoking now.



I had to leave early because I wasn’t
feeling well.
Must I come here?
Y
es, you must. No, you needn’t. needn’t / don’t have to

must not

2 must
表示推测

意思非常肯定

“
一定是
”“
一定会
”



It must be raining outside.
Must have done
对过去
/
完成的推测
*
must have done, didn’t / hasn’t

Must be doing
推测现在正在进行

He must have gone over the article, hasn’t he?

D need and dare
过去时

dared

情态动词和实意动词的区别

A

人称变化

B do / to do
C
直接否定

/
间接否定

can
work
Need /dare
肯定句中，实义动词


She needs to do it. I dare to do it.
使用在否定句
,
疑问句中，情态动词，实义动词。

I dare not do it.
I don’t dare (to) do it.


I need not do it.
I don’t need to do it.

1 need
情态动词

无时态；人称的变化

多用于疑问句和否定句

Y
ou needn’t try to explain.

Needn’t = don’t have to

Needn’t have done
sth
过去本不必做某事
*
虚拟语气

3 dare
情态动词

过去时

dared
无人称的变化

多用在疑问句和否定句

Dare he tell them what he knows?
4 dare
实义动词

有时态；
人称的变化后接
to do
用于疑问句和否定句时

其后的
to
有时可省
略


Do you dare (to) jump off the high wall?
E will and would
1
表示征求对方
(
第二人称
)
意见或询问对方意愿

would
比
will
更客气委婉

Would
与

used to
的区别
*
Would
只能用来表示重复的动作而不能表示状态

Used to
既可表示动作也可表示状态
,
强调现在不如此


He used to be a university student.
2 shall
肯定句中

表示说话人强烈的感情

允许，命令，禁止和威胁

*



2
These rules shall be obeyed.

4 should
表示劝告，建议

= ought to
应该

You should wash your hands first.
Should
主要表示主观看法
*

Ought to
客观情况

法律、规定、义务的使用

非常全，自己总结的哦！！！
Grammar—Modal-verb
Ⅰ.情态动词
一、can/could
1.表示能力时
was/were able to 具体做成某件事（=managed to do ）
could 只表示能够
2.can+感官动词
can taste/ see/ hear/ smell/ feel/ believe/ decide/ understand
3.can表示惊讶、不敢相信
Eg: How can you do like this?
4.cannot but do
cannot choose but do
cannot help but do
Eg: I cannot but feel sorry for her.
I cannot choose but follow her advice.
5.cannot… over/ enough/ too …都不过分；越…越好
Eg: You cannot over praise him.
6.理论上的可能性：
Eg: Accidents can happen on such rainy days.
Anyone can make mistakes.
The temperature can fall to -40℃.
7.can’t 表示否定推测：
Eg: It can’t be him, for he has gone to Paris yesterday.不能用mustn’t
8.can/could 表示允许、请求
Can/May I help you?
I wonder if I can/could do sth.(此处could不表示时态)
-Can/Could/May I use…?
-Yes, you can/may.
-No, you can’t/ may not/ mustn’t.(题目选项中如果表否定允许有mustn’t就选mustn’t)
You’d better not.(may问一般不用may回答)
I’d rather you didn’t.
9.can/could (not) have done
(1)本能做、没能够
(2)过去可能会做、过去不可能做
Eg: He could have killed Harry Potter, but he didn’t.（过去本能够）
He couldn’t have killed him 17 years ago, and he cannot do it now, either.（过去没能够）
Can he have gone to his aunt’s ?(过去可能会做)
He cannot have forgotten it. （过去不可能）
二、may/might
1.may /might 推测性用法 可能
He may be right.
He may not come today (可能不)
He may /might come tomorrow.
注意：只用于肯定和否定句中,不用于疑问句中
2.may not 可能不 can not不可能
He may not come He can’t come
3.may as well最好 may well理应，有足够的理由
You may（might）as well stay where you are.
-Shall we walk?
-We may as well.
4.表祝愿 May you be happy!
5.may (might) + have +done 表示对过去发生行为的推测，也许或许已经做
It may have been true.
He might not have settled the question.
He may not have finished the work.
I think he may have gone to bed.
6.may表示目的
Eg: You must go to bed early so that you can/may catch the train.
7.表示让步
Eg: However hard he may try, he cannot get the first place.
三、must
1. 表示义务意为“必须”（主观意志）
Eg: We must do everything step by step.
You mustn’t talk to her like that.
-Must we hand in our exercise—books now?
-No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
2.肯定推测（绝对不能用于否定推测！！！！否定推测用can’t/couldn’t）
Eg: He must be ill. He looks so pale.
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
3.偏要做，偏偏
Eg: Why must rain on Friday?
Must you speak so loudly?
If you must smoke, please go out!
4.must have done想必准时一定做了某事，否定是can’t/couldn’t have done
5. didn’t need to have done 过去没有必要做，具体是否做不强调
needn’t have done 本不必却做了
四、shall
1.在肯定句、否定句中表示命令、警告、威胁、许诺以及法律、规定、规章制度
Eg: You shall leave the room at once, and he shall, too.
It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seat until all the papers have been collected.
-when can I get my computer back?
-Well, you shall have it on Saturday.
He shall be punished if he breaks the rule.
You should return the book to the library tomorrow.
You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心）
2.表示请求、允许 Shall he/ she/ they/ I/ we……？
Eg: Shall I open the window?
Shall the driver wait outside?
五、should
1.用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿，但语气较委婉温和
What should we do now?
2.表示应该、必须，常与must 换用。（不常见）
We should (must) master a foreign language at least.
3.“should+be+表语”的结构，表示推测或惊奇。
They should be back by now.
I am sorry that she should be so careless.
4.“should+have+过去分词”的结构，表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为；其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构“ought to have +过去分词”,表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意，语气较强。
I should have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的。（但没想到）
They should not have left so soon.他们不应当走得这么早。（但已走了）
5. 在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中，主语从句中的谓语动词要用“should +do”表示理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思。在lest（以免）、for fear (that) (以防)、in case（以备万一）等之后也要用should do;在advise, suggest, order, demand, request 等的从句中同样should do
It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.
It is strange that he should say so.
Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train.
6. Why/How should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外惊异等意思，意为“竟会”
Eg: Why should you be so late today？
How should I know? 我怎么会知道？（意为：我不知道）
六、will/would
1.表示意志，决心或愿望。
Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.
我们一定要支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争。
He would not let me try it . 　他不肯让我去试。
I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won’t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你
2.will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性，would表示过去的习惯行为。
He would come to see me when he was in Beijing.他在北京时，常来看望我。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。
3.用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中，表示对对方的请求，would的语气比will委碗
Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station? 请问到火车站怎么走？Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？
Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。
Won’t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？
4.表可能性
This will be the book you are looking for.这可能就是你要找的书。
She would be about 60 when she died.他死时大概60岁。
5.won’t拟人化
Eg: The door won’t open.
The car won’t start.
七、need

情态动词need 实意动词need
现
在
时 You need (not) do
He need (not) do You (don’t) need to do
He needs (doesn’t need) to do
过
去
时

You needed (didn’t need) to do
He needed (didn’t need) to do
将
来
时 You need (not) do
He need (not) do You will (not) need to do
He will (not) need to do
八、dare

句型
时态
情态动词dare
实义动词 dare
肯
定
句 现在时
dare to
dare/dares to do

过去时 dare to
dared to do

否
定
句 现在时
daren’t/dare not do
do/does not dare (to) do

过去时 dared not do
did not dare (to) do

疑
问
句 现在时
Dare he do?
Do you/Does he dear (to) do?

过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do
九、宁愿做某事
would rather do
would rather do than do
would do rather than do
would rather sb. did
prefer to do
prefer to do rather than do
prefer doing to doing
Ⅱ.情态动词表推测
一、情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也许，或许）。
（1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question?
他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
（2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.
屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
（1）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
这不可能是校长，他去美国了。
（2）He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。
3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。
（1）Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？
（2）Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？
注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。
二、情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
（1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
（2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.
她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。
2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。
（1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。
（2）He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。
（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?
布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？
3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。
（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
　　地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。
（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
　　门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。
（3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？
　　难道他找到书了吗？
注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如：
（4）It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测）
（5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虚拟） 她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。
（6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. （虚拟）
汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。
Ⅲ.must反意疑问句
—应该 mustn’t
—必须 needn’t
—推测 还原成不含推测的句子一致
Eg: You must be tired, aren’t you?
You must have heard of it, haven’t you?
He can’t have gone out yesterday, didn’t he?
He can’t have gone out yet, has he?

was/were able to 具体做成某件事（=managed to do ）
could 只表示能够
2.can+感官动词
can taste/ see/ hear/ smell/ feel/ believe/ decide/ understand
3.can表示惊讶

楼上的，还自己总结，自己总结你妈带例句啊

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长兴丽福辛：[答案] 1.be动词属于系动词, 在一般现在时态的句子中主要表现为三种形式:am is、are.后面往往接形容词或名词做表语. 2、关于情态动词:初中我们常用的情态动词主要有:can、 may、must、need.我们这里主要以can为例来说明情态动词的用法.情态...

巫溪县13924293234： 初中英语中常见的情态动词,比如CAN了等等, - ？
长兴丽福辛：[答案] 一、情态动词 can 的用法 1.表示能力,意为“能、会”.如:—— Can you swim?你会游泳吗?—— Yes,I can.是的,我会.—— Can you play the guitar?你会弹吉它吗?—— No,I can't.不,2.表示请求或允许,多用于口语中,...

巫溪县13924293234： 常见的几种情态动词的用法 - ？
长兴丽福辛： 在英语中,情态动词的用法是英语语法中比较重要的一项.在初中英语中,常见的情态动词有can(could),may(might),must等,现将其用法归纳如下:一、情态动词的特征1.情态动词本身有词义,但词义不完全,因此不能单独作谓语.2.情态动词...

巫溪县13924293234： 初中英语情态动词的用法 - ？
长兴丽福辛： want to do would like to do ask sb to do sth 以上不是情态动词 should do sth can do sth 反正情态动词后用动词原形