及物动词与不及物动词有哪些？ 常见动词短语有哪些？ 常见介词短语有哪些？例子越多越好。

不及物动词短语都有哪些~

给你20个常用的吧～

1.break down (stop functioning 坏了，不好使了)
That old Jeep had a tendency to break down just when I needed it the most.

2.catch on (become popular 出名)
Popular songs seem to catch on in California first and then spread eastward.

3. come back ( return to a place 返回)
Father promised that we would never come back to this horrible place.

4. come in ( Enter进入)
They tried to come in through the back door, but it was locked.

5.come to ( regain consciousness恢复意识)
He was hit on the head very hard, but after several minutes, he started to come to again.

6.come over (to visit访问)
The children promised to come over, but they never do.

7.drop by (visit without appointment 顺便拜访)
We used to just drop by, but they were never home, so we stopped doing that.

8.eat out (dine in a restaurant 外出吃饭)
When we visited Paris, we loved eating out in the sidewalk cafes.

9. get by ( survive凑合，过得去)
Uncle Heine didn't have much money, but he always seemed to get by without borrowing money from relatives.

10.get up ( Arise起床)
Grandmother tried to get up, but the couch was too low, and she couldn't make it on her own.

11. go back ( return to a place 回到)
It's hard to imagine that we will ever go back to Lithuania.

12.go on ( Continue继续 )
He would finish one Dickens novel and then just go on to the next.

13. go on (2) ( Happen发生 )
The cops heard all the noise and stopped to see what was going on.

14. grow up ( get older变老 )
Charles grew up to be a lot like his father.

15.keep away ( remain at a distance保持距离 )
The judge warned the stalker to keep away from his victim's home.

16. keep on (+动名称) ( continue with the same继续保持)
He tried to keep on singing long after his voice was ruined.

17. pass out ( lose consciousness, faint昏过去，晕)
He had drunk too much; he passed out on the sidewalk outside the bar.

18. show off ( demonstrate haughtily 炫耀)
Whenever he sat down at the piano, we knew he was going to show off.

19. show up( Arrive到达，出现)
Day after day, Efrain showed up for class twenty minutes late.

20. wake up (arouse from sleep醒来)
I woke up when the rooster crowed.

答疑解惑（139）再谈及物动词和不及物动词

1．及物动词与不及物动词的区别？
2．可数名词和不可数名词的区别？如何判断？
3．如何判断出状语 表语 定语？
4．continue与go on的区别
5.引例
解答：（1）及物动词后面可直接接宾语，不及物动词后面不可直接接宾语，一般要加介词后再接宾语。实际上很多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。我举一个例子，就说write。如I am writing.和I am writing a letter.在前一个句子write是不及物动词，在后一个句子write是及物动词。又如，see是及物动词，但在特殊情况下如seeing is believing。
（2）
（一）
可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式，当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时，句子的谓语也应用复数形式。例如：
Little children are fond of stories .小孩子们喜欢听故事。
Movie stars are usually popular with young people. 影星们常受到年青人的欢迎。
它的单数形式前常用不定冠词a / an , 当它的单数形式在句子中作主语时，句
子的谓语也应用单数形式。例如：
There is an orange on the table .桌上有只桔子。
A university is a higher educational institution .大学是高等教育机构。
不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或 表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ，若要表示它的个体意义时，必须与一个名词短语连用，相当于中文里的【一 +（量词）+ 名词】，其中的量词意义依与具体的名词搭配而定。例如：
a piece of bread[ cake(蛋糕), paper(纸), thread(线), cloth(布),furniture(家具), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), work(工作), meat(肉) ]
一块面包[ 一块蛋糕、一张纸、一根线、…… ]
an item of information 一则情报 a burst of applause 一阵掌声
a fit of anger 一顿脾气 a slip of paper 一张纸条
a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一块肥皂
a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水
它在句子中作主语时，句子的谓语也只用单数形式。例如：
Water is a liquid .水是液体。
Wealth doesn't mean happiness .富有并不意味幸福。
（二）
上面提到的可数名词和不可数名词并不是一尘不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义，名词也不例外，同是一个词在一种情况下是可数名词，而在另一种场合却是不可数名词：
可数名词: a tin 一只锌罐 a relation 亲属 an iron 一把熨斗
a democracy民主国家 a glass 一只玻璃杯 a beauty美人，美的东西
a wood 一片树林 a power大国
不可数名词: tin 锡 relation 关系 Iron 铁 democracy民主 glass 玻璃
beauty 美 Wood 木头 power威力，电力
另外，在很多情况下抽象名词可变成可数名词( A )；而可数名词在一定情况下也可以抽象化，变成不可数名词( B )：
Would you like some coffee ? （不可数） 喝点咖啡好吗？
Let me have a coffee . （可数） 给我一杯咖啡吧。
Translation is an art . （不可数）翻译是一门艺术。
I've made an English translation of the book . （可数）
我已将那本书译成了英文。
He got in difficulty again . （不可数） 他又有困难了。
They met with many difficulties .（可数） 他们遇到很多困难。
我们讨论名词的落脚点在,当名词充当主语时,谓语动词在人称、数等方面必须与其保持一致--即"主谓一致性"的问题。
（3）状语、表语、定语是按其在句子中的作用划分的。状语修饰动词，分时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、地点状语等，如：When I was young ,I’d listened to the radio此句中When I was young即为时间状语；表语是跟在系动词和半系动词后面的名词、形容词等 I’m a student ,此句中am 为系动词，a student为表语；定语是用来修饰名词，如You have a beautiful mind ,此句中beautiful修饰名词mind。
（4）continue+doing表示继续做某事，而go on既可以加doing,也可以加to do，go on doing表示继续做同一件事，go on to do表示停了一会后继续做，但做的是另一件事了 例如：I continue doing my homework after having a rest.
The teacher went on to tell a story after he worked out the problem.
He goes on speaking after drinking some juice.

你就看这个动词的后面又没有跟宾语（动作或行为的承受者），跟了宾语的就是及物动词vt.,没跟宾语的就是不及物动词vi.
eg. He likes walking.他喜欢步行。这句话中walk后没有宾语，所以它是不及物动词。而She often walks a dog after supper.她经常晚饭后遛狗。还有：Let me walk you home.让我送你回家吧。这两句话中walk的宾语分别是a dog和you因此，walk 在这两句里是及物动词。
现在再看这句话：We walk to school each day.我们每天走着去上学。这句话中to 是介词和school一起作地点状语，而不是walk的承受者，不可能是把学给走了，而是走的地点状语，从而可以判断这句话里的walk是不及物动词vi.

常见的及物动词：afford,allow,blame,bring,contain,deny,enjoy,examine,excuse,fetch,fix,get,greet,have,hit,inform,let,like,love,make,mean,need,omit,owe,prefer,prove,put,remind,select,wrap.
不及物的：faint,hesitate,lie,occur,pause,rain,remain,sleep,sneeze.
常见的及物，不及物的：
answer,ask,begin,borrow,choose,climb,dance,eat,enter,fail,fill,grow,help,hurry,jump,know,leave,marry,meet,obey,pull,read,see,sell,touch,wash,watch,win,write
常见的动词短语由 be,break,bring,come,do,fall,find,get,give,go,help,let,make,put,send,stand,take,tear,throw,turn加表位置，方向的词，如along,down,in,off,on,out,over,under,up 形成的，如put off,put out,put up with
常见的介词短语：
at ,by, for,in,off,on,out,past,to,under,without形成的，如
at meals,at once,at all times,at war,at work,by air,by far,by the way,for ever,for a week,from now on,in debt,in short,off duty ,off school,out of use,to hand,under age,past hope....

从是否需要宾语来分，实义动词又有及物动词和不及物动词两类。
1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如：
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。
“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?”
Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。
Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。
2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如：
Birds fly.鸟会飞。
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三；年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：
a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较：
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)
When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词)
They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)
b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如：
Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?
4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况：
a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词，如arrive到达，agree同意，1isten听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如：
We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较：We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)
b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve为…服务。
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务

不是的。

看语法去

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