急！用英文简述电脑发展史

求用一个英文片段介绍电脑的发展历史~

计算机发展史

计算机于1946年问世，有人说是由于战争的需要而产生的，我们认为计算机产生的根本动力是人们为创造更多的物质财富，是为了把人的大脑延伸，让人的潜力得到更大的发展。正如汽车的发明是使人的双腿延伸一样，计算机的发明事实上是对人脑智力的继承和延伸。近10年来，计算机的应用日益深入到社会的各个领域，如管理、办公自动化等。由于计算机的日益向智能化发展，于是人们干脆把微型计算机称之为“电脑”了。
计算机产生的动力是人们想发明一种能进行科学计算的机器，因此称之为计算机。它一诞生，就立即成了先进生产力的代表，掀开自工业革命后的又一场新的科学技术革命。
要追溯计算机的发明，可以由中国古时开始说起，古时人类发明算盘去处理一些数据，利用拨弄算珠的方法，人们无需进行心算,通过固定的口诀就可以将答案计算出来。这种被称为“计算与逻辑运算”的运作概念传入西方后，被美国人加以发扬光大。直到十六世纪,发明了一部可协助处理乘数等较为复杂数学算式的机械，被称为“棋盘计算器”，但这时期只属于纯计算的阶段,要到十九世纪才有急速的发展。

第一代电子管计算机(1945-1956)
在第二次世界大战中，美国政府寻求计算机以开发潜在的战略价值。这促进了计算机的研究与发展。1944年霍华德.艾肯(1900-1973)研制出全电子计算器，为美国海军绘制弹道图。这台简称 Mark I 的机器有半个足球场大，内含500英里的电线，使用电磁信号来移动机械部件，速度很慢(3-5秒一次计算)并且适应性很差只用于专门领域，但是，它既可以执行基本算术运算也可以运算复杂的等式。
1946年2月14日，标志现代计算机诞生的ENIAC(The Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)在费城公诸于世。ENIAC代表了计算机发展史上的里程碑，它通过不同部分之间的重新接线编程，还拥有并行计算能力。ENIAC由美国政府和宾夕法尼亚大学合作开发，使用了18，000个电子管，70，000个电阻器，有5百万个焊接点，耗电160千瓦，其运算速度比Mark I快1000倍，ENIAC是第一台普通用途计算机。
40年代中期，冯.诺依曼(1903-1957)参加了宾夕法尼亚大学的小组，1945年设计电子离散可变自动计算机EDVAC(Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)，将程序和数据以相同的格式一起储存在存储器中。这使得计算机可以在任意点暂停或继续工作，机器结构的关键部分是中央处理器，它使计算机所有功能通过单一的资源统一起来。

Development of computer history

Computer came in 1946, it was said to be due to the needs of the war and we have a computer that is the fundamental driving force for people to create more material wealth to the people of the extension of the brain, so that the potential for greater发展. As is the invention of the automobile is an extension of the legs, like the invention of the computer is in fact the human brain and the extension of the inheritance of intelligence. Over the past 10 years, the increasing application of computers into society in various fields such as management, office automation, and so on. As the computer increasingly to the development of intelligent, so people just take micro-computer called the "computer".
Computer generated power is an invention like to be able to carry out scientific computing machine, so call it a computer. I was born it immediately became the representative of the advanced productive forces, since the industrial revolution opened after a new scientific and technological revolution.
Retroactive to the invention of the computer, you can start from ancient China, ancient inventions of human thinking to tackle some of the data, move to and fro use of the method of counting the beads, without the need for mental arithmetic, through a fixed formula can be calculated from the answers. This is called "calculation and logic operations," the concept of the operation into the West after the Americans were to be carried forward. Until the sixteenth century, the invention of a multiplier to help deal with more complicated mathematical formula, such as the machinery, known as the "chessboard calculator", but this time only pure calculation of the stage, it is necessary to be rapid in the nineteenth century发展.

The first generation of vacuum tube computer (1945-1956)
During World War II, the U.S. government to seek to develop computer potential strategic value. This computer has promoted the research and development. Howard in 1944. Aiken (1900-1973) developed a fully electronic calculator, in order to draw the U.S. Navy ballistic map. This referred to as the Mark I machine half a football field, contains 500 miles of wire, the use of electromagnetic signals to mobile components of mechanical, slow (3-5 seconds, a calculation) and poor adaptability only specialized in the field However, it can perform basic arithmetic operations can be complex computing equation.
February 14, 1946, marks the birth of the modern computer ENIAC (The Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer) in Philadelphia made public. ENIAC computer represents a milestone in the history of the development through different parts of the connection between the re-programming, also has a parallel computing power. ENIAC by the U.S. government at the University of Pennsylvania and co-development, the use of the 18,000 tubes, 70,000 resistors, there are 5 million welding points, 160 kilowatt power, the Mark I faster than 1000 times faster, ENIAC was the first A general-purpose computer.
In the mid-40, Frederick. Neumann (1903-1957) attended the University of Pennsylvania team, in 1945 the design of electronic discrete variable automatic computer EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), will be the same programs and data stored in the format together Memory. This computer can be suspended at any point, or continue to work, the machine's structure is a key part of the central processing unit, it makes all the computer functions through a single unified resource.

History of computer development
5th century BC, Chinese invented the abacus. It is widely used in commercial trade, and this is the first calculation tool. It’s also considered the prototype of a computer. Until the 17th century, computing devices have a second important step forward. In 1666, Samuel Morland who was English ，invented the addend and subtrahend machine.
1832, Babbage and Joseph Clement made a computing device. It’s Size nearly as big a house. January 1943: In the United States, An advanced computer was developed which weighs 5 tons, 75 million parts. These computers are mainly used in the war began.1987: A supercomputer release, which can made 200 million operations per second. At present, the type of computer has a lot of friends, according to the computer’s processing speed classification, It can be divided into five types：supercomputers,mainframes,minicomputers,workstations and microcomputers
"Who invented the computer?” The real answer is that many inventors contributed to the history of computers. The development of computers reflects the wisdom of modern humans.
译文：
计算机的发展史
公元前5世纪，中国人发明了算盘。它被广泛应用于商业贸易，这是第一次的计算工具。 它也被认为是一台电脑的原型。直到17世纪，计算设备的第二个重要的一步。1666年，塞缪尔·莫兰德是英国人，是加数和减数机的发明者。1832年，巴贝奇和约瑟夫·克莱门特发明了计算设备。它的大小几乎一样大的房子。1943年1月：在美国，开发了先进的计算机，它重达5吨，75万件。这些电脑主要用于在战争开始。1987年：一个超级版本，它可以每秒运算200万。目前，计算机的类型有很多朋友，根据计算机的处理速度分类，可分为五种类型：超级计算机、大型机、小型机、工作站和微型计算机。
“谁发明了计算机？”真正的答案是，许多发明家计算机的历史贡献。计算机的发展，反映了现代人类的智慧。

Evolution of the Computer:
The first counting device was the abacus, originally from Asia. It worked on a place-value notion meaning that the place of a bead or rock on the apparatus determined how much it was worth.
1600s: John Napier discovers logarithms. Robert Bissaker invents the slide rule which will remain in popular use until 19??.
1642: Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician and philosopher, invents the first mechanical digital calculator using gears, called the Pascaline. Although this machine could perform addition and subtraction on whole numbers, it was too expensive and only Pascal himself could repare it.
1804: Joseph Marie Jacquard used punch cards to automate a weaving loom.
1812: Charles P. Babbage, the "father of the computer", discovered that many long calculations involved many similar, repeated operations. Therefore, he designed a machine, the difference engine which would be steam-powered, fully automatic and commanded by a fixed instruction program. In 1833, Babbage quit working on this machine to concentrate on the analytical engine.
1840s: Augusta Ada. "The first programmer" suggested that a binary system shouled be used for staorage rather than a decimal system.
1850s: George Boole developed Boolean logic which would later be used in the design of computer circuitry.
1890: Dr. Herman Hollerith introduced the first electromechanical, punched-card data-processing machine which was used to compile information for the 1890 U.S. census. Hollerith's tabulator became so successful that he started his own business to market it. His company would eventually become International Business Machines (IBM).
1906: The vacuum tube is invented by American physicist Lee De Forest.
1939: Dr. John V. Atanasoff and his assistant Clifford Berry build the first electronic digital computer. Their machine, the Atanasoff-Berry-Computer (ABC) provided the foundation for the advances in electronic digital computers.
1941, Konrad Zuse (recently deceased in January of 1996), from Germany, introduced the first programmable computer designed to solve complex engineering equations. This machine, called the Z3, was also the first to work on the binary system instead of the decimal system.
1943: British mathematician Alan Turing developped a hypothetical device, the Turing machine which would be designed to perform logical operation and could read and write. It would presage programmable computers. He also used vacuum technology to build British Colossus, a machine used to counteract the German code scrambling device, Enigma.
1944: Howard Aiken, in collaboration with engineers from IBM, constructed a large automatic digital sequence-controlled computer called the Harvard Mark I. This computer could handle all four arithmetic opreations, and had special built-in programs for logarithms and trigonometric functions.
1945: Dr. John von Neumann presented a paper outlining the stored-program concept.
1947: The giant ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator) machine was developped by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, Jr. at the University of Pennsylvania. It used 18, 000 vacuums, punch-card input, weighed thirty tons and occupied a thirty-by-fifty-foot space. It wasn't programmable but was productive from 1946 to 1955 and was used to compute artillery firing tables. That same year, the transistor was invented by William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell Labs. It would rid computers of vacuum tubes and radios.
1949: Maurice V. Wilkes built the EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer), the first stored-program computer. EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), the second stored-program computer was built by Mauchly, Eckert, and von Neumann. An Wang developped magnetic-core memory which Jay Forrester would reorganize to be more efficient.
1950: Turing built the ACE, considered by some to be the first programmable digital computer.

Evolution of the Computer:
The first counting device was the abacus, originally from Asia. It worked on a place-value notion meaning that the place of a bead or rock on the apparatus determined how much it was worth.
1600s: John Napier discovers logarithms. Robert Bissaker invents the slide rule which will remain in popular use until 19??.
1642: Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician and philosopher, invents the first mechanical digital calculator using gears, called the Pascaline. Although this machine could perform addition and subtraction on whole numbers, it was too expensive and only Pascal himself could repare it.
1804: Joseph Marie Jacquard used punch cards to automate a weaving loom.
1812: Charles P. Babbage, the "father of the computer", discovered that many long calculations involved many similar, repeated operations. Therefore, he designed a machine, the difference engine which would be steam-powered, fully automatic and commanded by a fixed instruction program. In 1833, Babbage quit working on this machine to concentrate on the analytical engine.
1840s: Augusta Ada. "The first programmer" suggested that a binary system shouled be used for staorage rather than a decimal system.
1850s: George Boole developed Boolean logic which would later be used in the design of computer circuitry.
1890: Dr. Herman Hollerith introduced the first electromechanical, punched-card data-processing machine which was used to compile information for the 1890 U.S. census. Hollerith's tabulator became so successful that he started his own business to market it. His company would eventually become International Business Machines (IBM).
1906: The vacuum tube is invented by American physicist Lee De Forest.
1939: Dr. John V. Atanasoff and his assistant Clifford Berry build the first electronic digital computer. Their machine, the Atanasoff-Berry-Computer (ABC) provided the foundation for the advances in electronic digital computers.
1941, Konrad Zuse (recently deceased in January of 1996), from Germany, introduced the first programmable computer designed to solve complex engineering equations. This machine, called the Z3, was also the first to work on the binary system instead of the decimal system.
1943: British mathematician Alan Turing developped a hypothetical device, the Turing machine which would be designed to perform logical operation and could read and write. It would presage programmable computers. He also used vacuum technology to build British Colossus, a machine used to counteract the German code scrambling device, Enigma.
1944: Howard Aiken, in collaboration with engineers from IBM, constructed a large automatic digital sequence-controlled computer called the Harvard Mark I. This computer could handle all four arithmetic opreations, and had special built-in programs for logarithms and trigonometric functions.
1945: Dr. John von Neumann presented a paper outlining the stored-program concept.
1947: The giant ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator) machine was developped by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, Jr. at the University of Pennsylvania. It used 18, 000 vacuums, punch-card input, weighed thirty tons and occupied a thirty-by-fifty-foot space. It wasn't programmable but was productive from 1946 to 1955 and was used to compute artillery firing tables. That same year, the transistor was invented by William Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Brattain of Bell Labs. It would rid computers of vacuum tubes and radios.
1949: Maurice V. Wilkes built the EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Computer), the first stored-program computer. EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), the second stored-program computer was built by Mauchly, Eckert, and von Neumann. An Wang developped magnetic-core memory which Jay Forrester would reorganize to be more efficient.
1950: Turing built the ACE, considered by some to be the first programmable digital computer.

ENIAC is in a computer history milestone is original, computer's English original word “computer” is the human who refers to is engaged in the data computation. But they often need with the aid of certain machinery calculating device or the analog computer. These early time calculating device's ancestor includes the abacus, as well as may trace 87 B.C. An who uses in by the ancient Greece person calculating the planet migration Ti the base Tela mechanism. Along with the middle ages last stage Europe mathematics and engineering prosperous once more, in 1623 took the lead by Wilhelm Schickard to develop Europe first calculating device, this was one can carry on six within number plus-minus methods, and could “calculate the clock” through the ting output answer. The use transmission gear carries on the operation. 1642 year France mathematician Pascal in WILLIAM in the Oughtred calculating rule's foundation, improves the calculating rule, can carry on eight computations. Also has sold many products, became at that time one kind of fashionable commodity.
in 1801, Joseph Marie Jacquard has made the improvement to loom's design, he used a series of punch paper card to take the knitting complex design the procedure. Jacquard type loom, although was not considered that is a genuine computer, but its appearance is truly in the modern computer developing process important one step. Charles Babbidge (Charles Babbage) is devises and designs one completely programmable computer's first person, at that time was in 1820. But as a result of the engineering factor, the funds limit, as well as is unable to endure patiently to patching which designs does not stop, this computer has not been able to come out throughout in his rest of the year. Approximately to the 19th century later period, many were proven afterward that has the great significance technology to the computer science to appear one after another, including punched card as well as vacuum tube. Hermann Hollerith has designed the machine which a scheduling uses, has realized the application punched card large-scale automatic data processing.
In the first half of 20th century, to cater to the science computation the need, many special purposes and deepen the complex analog computer to develop unceasingly. These computers are the specific question machinery which or the electronic model aims at with them take the computation foundation. The 20th century 30-40 ages, computer's performance was formidable gradually, and the versatility obtained the promotion, the modern computer's essential characteristic is joined unceasingly. the 1937 year (Claude Shannon) has published his great paper by Chrowder · Aier Wood · Shannon "to Relay And In Switching circuit's Symbolic analysis", in the article mentions the digit electronic technology for the first time the application. He had demonstrated to the people how to use the switch to realize logic and mathematics operation. Hereafter, he through studied Vannevar Bush the differential simulator to further consolidate his idea. This is one symbolizes the binary system electronic circuit design and the logical gate application start significant instant, but takes the pioneer who these key ideas are born, must include: Almon Strowger, he was one includes the logical gate equipment to apply for the patent; Nicolay Tesla (Nikola Tesla), he as early as once applied in 1898 to include the logical gate electric circuit equipment; Lee De Forest, he used the vacuum tube in 1907 to replace the relay.
Commodore Corporation the Amiga 500 computers which produces in the 20th century the 80s endless long-distance defines so-called “the first electronic accounting machine” along this kind of high and low seeking quite to be difficult. on May 12, 1941, Konrad Zuse has completed his mechanical and electrical sharing equipment “Z3”, this is first has the automatic binary system mathematical computation characteristic as well as the feasible programming function computer, but is not “the electron” the computer. In addition, other are noteworthy the achievement which mainly to have: in 1941 was born in the summer the Atanasuofu - shell auspicious computer was in the world the first electronic accounting machine, it has used the vacuum tube calculator, the binary value, but multiplying memory; In Britain in 1943 the mystical great elephant computer which demonstrated (Colossus computer), although programming ability is extremely limited, but it indeed told the people to use the vacuum tube both to be worth trusting and can realize the electrification again programming; Harvard University's Harvard Mark I; As well as based on binary system “Egyptian Nepal Acher” (ENIAC,1944 year), this is the first general intention computer, but because its structural design insufficient elastification, causes to it each time to program again means the electricity physical circuit's again connection.
Developed the Egyptian Nepal Acre's group to further consummate the design in view of its flaw, and presented Feng · who finally we knew very well today the Nuoyiman structure (procedure memory architecture). This system possesses computer's foundation now. In the 1940s the mid and late stage, started based on this system's computer to develop in large numbers, by Britain most early. What although the first development completes and the be operated is “the small scale testing aircraft” (Small-Scale Experimental Machine, SSEM), but is developed practical machine very possible is EDSAC truly. in entire the 1950s, the vacuum tube computer resided in the dominant status. on September 12, 1958 in Robert Noyce (INTEL Corporation's founders) under the leadership, has invented the integrated circuit. Soon has promoted the microprocessor. from 1959 the computer which to 1964 designed is been called generally the second generation of computer.
To the 60s, the transistor computer has displaced it. The transistor volume is smaller, the speed is quicker, the price is more inexpensive, the performance is more reliable, this causes them to be possible by the commercialized production. 1964 to 1972 computer is called generally the third generation computer. The massive use integrated circuit, the typical type is the IBM360 series. to the 70s, the integrated circuit technology's introduction reduced the computer production cost enormously, the computer also henceforth started to move toward everyone. in after 1972 computer custom is called the fourth generation of computer. Based on large scale integrated circuit, and afterward ultra large scale integrated circuit. on April 1, 1972 INTEL promoted 8008 microprocessors. in 1976 Stephen Wozinak and Stephen Jobs origination apple computer company. And promotes its Apple I computer. in May, 1977 Apple II computer issue. on June 1, 1979 INTEL has issued 8 element 8088 microprocessors. the 1982 year, the microcomputer starts to popularize, enters the school and the family massively. in the January, 1982 Commodore 64 computers issued, price: 595 US dollars. in February, 1982 80286 issues. The clock rate enhances 20MHz, and increased the protected mode, may visit the 16M memory. Supports above 1GB the virtual memory. Each second carries out 2,700,000 instructions, integrated 134000 transistors.
in November, 1990: First generation of MPC (multimedia personal computing standards) issued. Processor 80286/12MHz, afterward increased at least to 80386SX/16 MHz, and light drives, at least 150 KB/sec transfer rates. on October 10, 1994 Intel issued 75 MHz the Pentium processor. on November 1, 1995 Pentium Pro issue. The basic frequency may reach 200 MHz, each second completes 440,000,000 instructions, integrated 5,500,000 transistors. on January 8, 1997 Intel issued Pentium MMX. Have carried on the enhancement to the game and the multimedia functions. the hereafter computer's change changes with each new day, in 1965 published the mole of law publication should prove unceasingly, forecast that was still still suitable in the next 10~15 years.

We build computer to solve problems.Early computer solved mathematical and engineering problems，and later computers emphasized information processing for business applications.T-

oday，computers also control machines as diverse as automobile engines，robots，and microwave ovens. A computer system solves a problem from any of these domains by accepting input，processing it，and producing output. Fig. 1-1 illustrates the function of a computer system.

Computer systems consist of hardware and software. Hardware is the physical part of the system. Once designed，hardware is difficult and expensive to change. Software is the set of programs that instruct the hardware and is easier to modify than hardware. Computers are valuable because they are general-purpose machines that can solve many different kinds of problems，as opposed to special-purpose machines that can each solve only one kind of problem. Different problems can be solved with the same hardware by supplying the system with a different set of instructions.that is，with different software.

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翻译:

计算机组成原理

计算机硬件

人们为解决问题而制造计算机。早期的计算机解决的是数学和工程问题，后来计算机着重解决商业应用中的信息处理问题。如今，计算机还用来控制如汽车发动机、机器人和微波炉等各式各样的机器。计算机系统解决上述这些领域中的任何一个问题都是通过接收输入、处理问题和生成输出来实现的。图1-1说明了计算机系统的功能。

计算机系统由硬件和软件组成。硬件是系统的物理部分。硬件一旦设计完毕，要修改是困难的，并且花费也大。软件是指挥硬件的程序集合，比硬件容易修改。计算机之所以有用，是因为它们能解决很多不同类型的问题，是通用的机器。相对而言，每种专用机只能解决一类问题。通过为系统配备不同的指令系统，也就是配备不同的软件，能用同一硬件去解决不同的问题。

http://tdi.uregina.ca/~complit/comphist.htm
Milestones in Computer Development
WEBLIOGRAPHY AND CREDITS
2000 B.C. The abacus is first used for computations.
1642 A.D. Blaise Pascal creates a mechanical adding machine for tax computations. It is unreliable.
1670 Gottfried von Liebniz creates a more reliable adding machine that adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and calculates square roots.
1842 Charles Babbage designs an analytical engine to perform general calculations automatically. Ada Augusta (a.k.a. Lady Lovelace) is a programmer for this machine.
1890 Herman Hollerith designs a system to record census data. The information is stored as holes in cards, which are interpreted by machines with electrical sensors. Hollerith starts a company that will eventually become IBM.
1939 John Atanasoff, with graduate student Clifford Berry, designs and builds the first electronic digital computer. His project was funded by a grant for 650$.
1946 J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly design and build the ENIAC computer. It used 18,000 vacuum tubes and cost $500,000 to build.
1946 John von Neumann proposes that a program be stored in a computer in the same way that data are stored. His proposal, called the "von Neumann architecture," is the basis for modern computers.
1951 Eckert and Mauchly build the first general-purpose commercial computer, the UNIVAC.
1957 An IBM team, led by John Backus, designs the first successful high-level programming language, FORTRAN, for solving engineering and science problems.
1958 The first computer to use the transistor as a switching device, the IBM 7090, is introduced.
1964 The first computer to use integrated circuits, the IBM 360, is announced.
1965 The CTSS (Compatible Time-Sharing System) operating system is introduced. It allows several users simultaneously to use, or share, a single computer.
1970 A first version of the UNIX operating system is running on the DEC PDP-7.
1971 Nicklaus Wirth designs the Pascal programming language as a language for teaching structured programming concepts.
1972 Dennis Ritchie of Bell Laboratories in New Jersey develops the language C.
1973 Part of the UNIX operating system is implemented in C.
1975 The first microcomputer, the Altair, is introduced.
1975 The first supercomputer, the Cray-1, is announced.
1976 Digital Equipment Corporation introduces its popular minicomputer, the DEC VAX 11/780.
1977 Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs found Apple Computer.
1978 Dan Bricklin and Bob Frankston develop the first electronic spreadsheet, called VisiCalc, for the Apple computer.
1979-82 Bjarne Stroustrup of Bell Laboratories in New Jersey introduces "C with Classes."
1981 IBM introduces the IBM PC.
1983-85 C with Classes is redesigned and reimplemented as C++.
1984 Apple introduces the Macintosh, the first widely available computer with a "user-friendly" graphical interface using icons, windows, and a mouse device.
1988 Work on standardization of C++ begins.
1989 Microsoft Corporation introduces Windows for IBM computers.
1989 The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) publishes the first standard for the C programming language.

Computer History
Year/Enter Computer History
Inventors/Inventions Computer History
Description of Event
1936 Konrad Zuse - Z1 Computer First freely programmable computer.
1942 John Atanasoff & Clifford Berry
ABC Computer Who was first in the computing biz is not always as easy as ABC.
1944 Howard Aiken & Grace Hopper
Harvard Mark I Computer The Harvard Mark 1 computer.
1946 John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly
ENIAC 1 Computer 20,000 vacuum tubes later...
1948 Frederic Williams & Tom Kilburn
Manchester Baby Computer & The Williams Tube Baby and the Williams Tube turn on the memories.
1947/48 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain & Wiliam Shockley
The Transistor No, a transistor is not a computer, but this invention greatly affected the history of computers.
1951 John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly
UNIVAC Computer First commercial computer & able to pick presidential winners.
1953 International Business Machines
IBM 701 EDPM Computer IBM enters into 'The History of Computers'.
1954 John Backus & IBM
FORTRAN Computer Programming Language The first successful high level programming language.
1955
(In Use 1959)
Stanford Research Institute, Bank of America, and General Electric
ERMA and MICR The first bank industry computer - also MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) for reading checks.
1958 Jack Kilby & Robert Noyce
The Integrated Circuit Otherwise known as 'The Chip'
1962 Steve Russell & MIT
Spacewar Computer Game The first computer game invented.
1964 Douglas Engelbart
Computer Mouse & Windows Nicknamed the mouse because the tail came out the end.
1969 ARPAnet The original Internet.
1970 Intel 1103 Computer Memory The world's first available dynamic RAM chip.
1971 Faggin, Hoff & Mazor
Intel 4004 Computer Microprocessor The first microprocessor.
1971 Alan Shugart &IBM
The "Floppy" Disk Nicknamed the "Floppy" for its flexibility.
1973 Robert Metcalfe & Xerox
The Ethernet Computer Networking Networking.
1974/75 Scelbi & Mark-8 Altair & IBM 5100 Computers The first consumer computers.
1976/77 Apple I, II & TRS-80 & Commodore Pet Computers More first consumer computers.
1978 Dan Bricklin & Bob Frankston
VisiCalc Spreadsheet Software Any product that pays for itself in two weeks is a surefire winner.
1979 Seymour Rubenstein & Rob Barnaby
WordStar Software Word Processors.
1981 IBM
The IBM PC - Home Computer From an "Acorn" grows a personal computer revolution
1981 Microsoft
MS-DOS Computer Operating System From "Quick And Dirty" comes the operating system of the century.
1983 Apple Lisa Computer The first home computer with a GUI, graphical user interface.
1984 Apple Macintosh Computer The more affordable home computer with a GUI.
1985 Microsoft Windows Microsoft begins the friendly war with Apple.
SERIES TO BE CONTINUED

Acknowledged by the whole world's first electronic computer ENIAC, the birth place suffered in the Second World War, and its "birthplace" Abedin, Maryland, the United States Army field artillery test. The secret is that Abeiding test field artillery computer development from the initial idea of the "control theory" Father of Wiener (L. Wiener) Professor letter. As early as during the first World War, had come to Wiener Abeiding test field artillery. At that time, ballistics laboratory, the famous mathematician Huibailun (O. Veblen) asked him for the preparation of a range of antiaircraft artillery table. Here, he not only the initiation of the control theory, thinking, and first saw the need for a high-speed computers.
Over the years, Wiener and the invention of the computer simulation Bush has been working with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, have forged profound friendship. 1940, in a letter to Bush, Wiener wrote, the modern computer is digital, electronic components constituted by using binary, and the internal storage of the data. Wiener made these principles, guidelines for the electronic computer in the right direction.

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蒲江县19435021604： 求用一个英文片段介绍电脑的发展历史要按照工整的的时间顺序,一个片段即可 - ？
扶饶沙培：[答案] 计算机发展史 计算机于1946年问世,有人说是由于战争的需要而产生的,我们认为计算机产生的根本动力是人们为创造更多的物质财富,是为了把人的大脑延伸,让人的潜力得到更大的发展.正如汽车的发明是使人的双腿延伸一样,计算机的发明事...

蒲江县19435021604： 请用英语简述电脑的发展史,120词左右,最后要翻译 ,谢谢 - ？
扶饶沙培： The scientific term of computer is a computer, from the dynamoelectric calculator development in earlier period since then of.In 1945, in the world appeared the first set＂ENIAC＂ of the electronics digital computer, used for calculation trajectory....

蒲江县19435021604： 计算机的发展史,用英文 - ？
扶饶沙培： The oldest calculating tool is abacus that was invented by Chinese several thousand years ago. Since then human beings had tried to make a machine to calculate for many years. However, there had been no machine which can be called ＂...

蒲江县19435021604： 用英语介绍的电脑历史 - ？
扶饶沙培： Computers are changing our life. You can do a lot of things with a computer. Such as, you can use a computer to write articles, watch video CDs, play games and do office work. But the most important use of a computer is to join the Internet. By ...

蒲江县19435021604： 用英语介绍电脑的历史 - ？
扶饶沙培： 急救,加翻译谢谢

蒲江县19435021604： 根据下表写一篇英语短文介绍一下计算机的发展变化的说一说你对未来计算机的畅 - ？
扶饶沙培：[答案] Computers are becoming more and more important in our daily life.Do you know the history and the changes of computers?Computer was invented in 1946.At that time,The machine was huge and it was aslarge...

蒲江县19435021604： 求一篇关于计算机发展史的英语作文 - ？
扶饶沙培： Computers take numerous physical forms. Early electronic computers were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers. [1] Today, computers can be made small enough to fit into a wrist watch...

蒲江县19435021604： 计算机的发展 翻译成英文,不要机器的 谢了 - ？
扶饶沙培： The development of computer The first generation of computer's ENIAC is to use vacuum tube as a significant sign. There were great improvements in the later computers. The invention of the transistor indicated the beginning of the second ...

蒲江县19435021604： 谁能说说电脑的历史 怎么用英语说？
扶饶沙培： Who_can_tell_me_the_history_of_the_computer