托马斯·斯特恩斯·艾略特Thomas Stearns Eliot 的英文简介

Thomas Stearns Eliot这首诗:Morning at the Window的英文具体分析（韵律、意境之类的）。~

1. British poet (born in the United States) who won the Nobel prize for literature; his plays are outstanding examples of modern verse drama (1888-1965)
(synonym) Eliot , T. S. Eliot
(hypernym) poet

T·S·艾略特（1888 - 1965）
英国诗人，文学评论家。出生于美国密苏里州圣路易斯。祖父是华盛顿大学的奠基人，父亲经商，母亲热心慈善事业并从事诗歌创作。艾略特于1906年进入哈佛大学攻读哲学，在此期间还研究诗人多恩和但丁以及伊丽莎白和詹姆士时代的剧作家，这对他日后从事的文学批评起了重要作用。1908年他从赛门斯（1865-1945）的论著《文学的象征运动》这部书接触到法国现代派诗作，影响了他1915-1917年间的诗歌创作。第一次世界大战爆发时，他在英国牛津大学研读希腊哲学，1916年完成论述英国新黑格尔派布拉德莱哲学的哈佛大学博士论文。1915年是他人生道路的重大转折：放弃以哲学研究为终身职业，转向诗歌创作和文学批评。在伦敦定居后，起初教授拉丁文与法文，1919至1922年任银行职员，同时担任《自我中心者》杂志副编辑。l922年起出任具有世界影响的文学评论季刊《标准》编辑，直到1939年停刊。自1925年起至逝世他都兼任费柏出版公司董事。1927年他成为英国公民并加入英国国教，声称自己“文学上是古典主义者，政治上是保王派，宗教上是英国天主教徒”。1947年获哈佛大学名誉博士学位，1948年因诗歌《四个四重奏》获诺贝尔文学奖金。
艾略特被认为是第二次世界大战前用英语写作的最有影响的诗人，对英美现代派文学及新批评派评论起了开拓作用。主要诗作包括《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》(1915)、《一位夫人的写照》(1915)、《小老头》(1919)、《荒原》（1922）、《空心人》（1925）、《灰星期三》（1930）、《四个四重奏》（1935～1941）。最著名的诗剧是《大教堂凶杀案》（1935）。最有影响的文学评论有《传统与个人才能》（1917）、《批评的功能》（1923）、《诗歌的用途和批评的用途》（1933）。

http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1948/eliot-bio.html

Thomas Stearns Eliot (1888-1965) was born in St. Louis, Missouri, of an old New England family. He was educated at Harvard and did graduate work in philosophy at the Sorbonne, Harvard, and Merton College, Oxford. He settled in England, where he was for a time a schoolmaster and a bank clerk, and eventually literary editor for the publishing house Faber & Faber, of which he later became a director. He founded and, during the seventeen years of its publication (1922-1939), edited the exclusive and influential literary journal Criterion. In 1927, Eliot became a British citizen and about the same time entered the Anglican Church.

Eliot has been one of the most daring innovators of twentieth-century poetry. Never compromising either with the public or indeed with language itself, he has followed his belief that poetry should aim at a representation of the complexities of modern civilization in language and that such representation necessarily leads to difficult poetry. Despite this difficulty his influence on modern poetic diction has been immense. Eliot's poetry from Prufrock (1917) to the Four Quartets (1943) reflects the development of a Christian writer: the early work, especially The Waste Land (1922), is essentially negative, the expression of that horror from which the search for a higher world arises. In Ash Wednesday (1930) and the Four Quartets this higher world becomes more visible; nonetheless Eliot has always taken care not to become a «religious poet». and often belittled the power of poetry as a religious force. However, his dramas Murder in the Cathedral (1935) and The Family Reunion (1939) are more openly Christian apologies. In his essays, especially the later ones, Eliot advocates a traditionalism in religion, society, and literature that seems at odds with his pioneer activity as a poet. But although the Eliot of Notes towards the Definition of Culture (1948) is an older man than the poet of The Waste Land, it should not be forgotten that for Eliot tradition is a living organism comprising past and present in constant mutual interaction. Eliot's plays Murder in the Cathedral (1935), The Family Reunion (1939), The Cocktail Party (1949), The Confidential Clerk (1954), and TheElderStatesman(1959) were published in one volume in 1962; Collected Poems 1909-62 appeared in 1963.

From Nobel Lectures, Literature 1901-1967, Editor Horst Frenz, Elsevier Publishing Company, Amsterdam, 1969

This autobiography/biography was first published in the book series Les Prix Nobel. It was later edited and republished in Nobel Lectures. To cite this document, always state the source as shown above.

T.S. Eliot died on January 4, 1965.

Copyright © The Nobel Foundation 1948

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