动词不定式修饰名词怎么用？

什么时候用动名词做定语来修饰名词什么时候用动词不定式?这两者有什么区别？~

动词不定式和动名词的句法功能比较
一,作主语
⒈不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:
(1)把不定式置于句首.如:
To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如:
①It+be+名词+to do
It's our duty to take good care of the old.
②It takes sb + some time +to do
How long did it take you to finish the work
③It+be+形容词+for sb +to do
It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.
④It+be+形容词+of sb +to do
It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.
⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to do
It seemed impossible to save money.
在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等 表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式 ,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.
⒉动名词作主语
Learning without practice is no good.
动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如:
①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing…
It's no good reading in dim light.
It's no use sitting here waiting.
②It's+形容词+doing
It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.
这样用的形容词有expensive, nice, tiring等,但important, necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式 代替,如:It's important for you to keep fit.
③There is no + doing
There is no saying what will happen next.
在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It's impossible to…"结构.
⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别
①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动 作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如:
It's no good eating too much fat.
It's no good for you to eat so much fat.
②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如:
It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.
二,作宾语
⒈不定式作宾语
①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语.如:agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail , help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句.如:
I decided to ask for my money back.
I decided that I would ask for my money back.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.
When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot.
②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动 词+it+补语+to do句式.如:
We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.
He feels it his duty to help the poor.
③介词but, except, besides +to do(do)
在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to, 带to不带do.如:
The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.
On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.
⒉动名词作宾语
①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, don't mind, give up, insist, on, put off等.如:
I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.
②动名词作介词的宾语
I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.
What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech
动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing, have no trouble(in)doing, lose no ti me(in)doing, prevent/stop…(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing等.
⒊部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变.如:begin, continue, start, hat e, like, love, need, require, want等.
在need, require, want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved). hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前 正在进行的活动或一般的行为.
在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:
①hate, like, love前有would(should)时,如:I'd like to have a cup of coffee.
②当谓语动词begin, continue, start等是进行式时,如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.
③begin, continue, start与know, understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand what
was happening.
⒋advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语.如:
Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.
Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.
⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用.
①forget, remember, regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生.如:
Don't forget fo post the letter for me.
Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport
Remember to close the windows before you leave.
I remember writing him a letter a year ago.
We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting.
They regretted ordering these books from abroad.
②mean to do 打算做某事
doing 意味着……
I meant to catch up with the early bus.
This means wasting a lot of money.
③try to do 设法尽力做某事
doing 试着做某事
You should try to overcome your shortcomings.
Try working out the physics problem in another way.
④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)
doing 停止做某事
On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper.
You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.
⑤can't help doing 禁不住……
to do不能帮助干……
They couldn't help jumping up at the news.
Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I can't help to make up the room for you.
⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事
doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续
He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势.
We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.
⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么(目的状语)
doing停下某事
It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.
They left off to go fishing.
三,做表语
不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为.
①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.
③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①).当主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中心词的名词词组(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定 式说明主语的内容.
④Our work is serving the people.
⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
⑥The story told by Mr. Wang is interesting.
④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving the people is out work, 而⑥句中是现在分词作 表语,说明主语的性质,状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开 来.
四,作定语
⒈不定式作定语
不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后.如:
①The next train to arrive is from Washington.
②Have you anything to be taken to your sister
③Do you have anything to say on the question
④Would you please give me some paper to write on
⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系:
(1)表示将来的动作(例①).
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例④).
(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍 用主动语态(例③);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例②).
(4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive.
⒉动名词作定语
①This passage can be used as listening materials.
②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.
③All moving bodies have energy.
①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能,即:用来……的;第③句为现在分词作定语,单个分词作定语常置于 被修饰词之前,与被修饰词之间,可构成逻辑上的主谓关系,分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后.如:The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua.
五,不定式作补足语
⒈作宾语补足语
一些及物动词除要求按宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为,状态,特征,这时意思才相 对完整.
(1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有:allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive(强迫),encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等.如:
①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary
②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.
(2)部分动词后常接to be+形容词,名词短语等形式,有时to be可省略,如:believe, consider, discover, find(=consider), feel(=think), imagine, judge, know, prove, think, suppose, see(=understand), understand等.
①We all believe John(to be)honest.
②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School.
但当不定式是完成式时,to不能省略,如:We consider him to have been foolish.
(3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to.
①I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.
②They make the students do too much homework every day.
这种句式在变为被动语态时,to不能省略,如第②句:The students are made to do too much homework every day.
(4)help, know后面的"to"可有可无.如:
Would you please help me(to) fill in the tax form
I've never known her(to)be late before.但:He was known to have been to France before.
(5)部分短语动词后,常接不定式作宾补,如:
You may depend on them to be there early.
The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy.
常这样用的短语动词有:ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for(渴望), prepare for, wish for等.
⒉作主语补足语
不定式作主语补足语,和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系.如:
①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.
②The young university student is considered to have great promise.
六,不定式作状语
⒈作目的状语
(1) ①I stayed there to see what would happen.
②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor.
(2)有时为了强调,不定式前可加in order或so as.如:
Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to forget it.
有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首,但so as to不能这样用.在这种句式中不定式部 分可转换为so that, in order that, 成为目的状语从句,如:
I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see what would happen.
(3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词,过去分词或动词之后可接不定式,如:astonished, glad, happy, laugh , pleased, sad, smile, sorry, surprised等.
①We are glad to hear the news.
②I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.
在部分形容词后接不定式,用主动形式表示被动意义,这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语.如:The question raised by the student is difficult to answer.
The room is really comfortable to live in.
常这样用的形容词有:comfortable, easy, dangerous, difficult, expensive, fit, impossible等.
⒉作结果状语
We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.
不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中.如:
①so…as to; such…as to
I'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来.
I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing.
②enough…to
The speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner.
③only to
Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.
④too…to
I'm too tired to stay up longer.
但在下列结构中,too…to并非是"太……而不能……"之意.如:
①I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了.(too修饰glad to have…,相当 于very)
②We have too much to learn.我们要学的太多了(不定式作定语).
⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分,用于句首,句中或句末.如:
To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment tome.
常见的短语有to be exact(确切地说),to begin with(首先),to do him justice(说句对他公道的 话),to be sure(真的)等等.

动词不定式可以位于名词之后作定语。

放在名词之后做后置定语。 a meeting to be held tomorrow.

动词不定式用法
一、动词不定式的基本形式是“不定式符号to+动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。在句中不能单独作谓语，但仍保留动词的特性，可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式同它的宾语和状语一起构成不定式短语。
例如：to sell flowers in the street 在街上卖花
to speak in the classroom 在教室里讲话
不定式省to有四种情况：
1、使役动词let, make, have等后接不定式。
例如：Let him go!
The boss made the child labors work the whole night.
2、would rather, had better后。
例如：You had better stay at home.
3、Why…/Why not…后。
例如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday?
4.感官动词see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find，notice等后作宾语补足语，省to。
例如：I saw him dance.
注意：这些情况在被动语态中，不可省to.
例如：The child labors were made to work the whole night.
二、动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
　　1、用作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多，多数情况用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末，特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首。
例如：The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.
　　 How to make requests politely is important.
　　2、用作表语
动词不定式作表语，常用在be动词及seem, appear, happen等词之后，构成系表结构。说明主语的内容、性质、特征。
例如：The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.
　　 She seem to be well-known.
　　3、用作宾语
○1. 用作宾语的动词不定式，常用在动词ask, choose, agree，expect, hope, decide, learn，prefer, know，wish, want, would like / love等及物动词之后，构成动宾短语。
例如：We decided to talk to some students about why they go there.
　　 He prefers to eat white bread and rice.
　　 I’d love to visit Mexico.
○2.动词feel, find, make, think, believe等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式后置。句子结构是：主语＋feel / find / make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。
例如：I find it difficult to remember everything.
○3.既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别不大的动词有begin, start, like, love等。一般说来，动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作的全过程，v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。但这种区别并不很严格，特别是美式英语，即使是习惯性的动作也可以用动词不定式。
例如：Then I started to watch English-language TV.
　　 I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am.
（begin用了进行时态，后面只接不定式作宾语，表示事情刚开始，还要继续下去。）
○4.后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语，意思差别较大的动词有forget, remember等。后接不定式作宾语，表动作尚未发生；后接v-ing形式作宾语，表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事，to do是目的状语；stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事，doing是宾语。try to do尽力做，try doing试试看；go on to do接着做另外的事，go on doing继续做原来的事。
例如：When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.
　　 I stopped using them last year.
○5后只接v-ing作宾语的一些常用特殊动词：give up, enjoy, practise, finish, mind等。
例如： Would you mind opening the window?　
　4、用作定语
用作定语的动词不定式一般都位于被修饰的名词之后。
例如：I have so much homework to do today.
　　 I cant think of any good advice to give her.
　　通常chance, place, time, way等名词后接不定式作定语。另外在the first, the second, the last, the only等词后，也常用不定式作定语。
例如：He needs time to do homework.
　　 You want to know the best way to get around the city.
　　5、用作补语
○1.常见动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议警告（ask, allow, permit, advise，warn），期望邀请鼓励（expect, suppose, invite, encourage），教导告诉想要（teach, tell, want），希望愿意（ wish, would like / love）。
例如：I invited her to have dinner at my house.
　　 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.
○2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里不带to，被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel，一“注意”：notice。
例如：This picture makes me feel tense！
　　 Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.
○3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。一般说来，带to表间接帮助，不带to表直接帮助。在被动语态句里，或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。
例如： They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.
　　Using e-mail English helps you write quickly.
○4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。
例如：He doesn’t seem to have many friends.
　　 Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.
　　6、用作状语
○1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。为加强语气，常与in order或so as 组成短语。
例如：A group of young people got together to discuss this question.
In order to help him, we would do everything we can.
　　注意：置于句首时只用to do / in order to do。
○2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。
例如：I was very sad to hear the news.
On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes.
　　○3.结果状语，多见于“too...to”，“enough to...”结构句中。
例如：Then I’m too tired to do well.
　　 He is old enough to go to school .
○4.独立动词不定式多用作插入语，表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。
例如：I’d like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.
　 To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word.
　　7、动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of，主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来，of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既说明人的特性，又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般说明不定式动作的特性，不说明人的特性。前面如果是名词用for。
例如：(1)Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. (2) It’s kind of you to help me.
　　8、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用，在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等，或者单独使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不带to。
例如：I don’t know what to try next. （作宾语）Where to go is not decided yet.（作主语）
注意：单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
　What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)
　　9、动词不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式是not / never to do...，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...
例如：Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.
　　 His parents tell him never to drive after drinking

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石狮市19121854569： 动词不定式修饰名词怎么用? - ？
隐贝单糖：[答案] 放在名词之后做后置定语. a meeting to be held tomorrow.

石狮市19121854569： 动词不定式作定语常修饰哪些名词 - ？
隐贝单糖：[答案] 例: Guilin is a good city to go sightseeing. to go sightseeing 做定语,修饰city,表示地点的名词. 还可修饰表示时间、地点、人物等等都可以. 如:He is a good man to cooperate with. 所以,建议: 学英语没必要死记那么多语法,只要你会判断,自...

石狮市19121854569： 动词不定式在名词后是什么作用,是什么语法成分 - ？
隐贝单糖： 一般都是定语 例如:the way to solve the problem 亲:祝你学习进步,每天都开心V_V! 望采纳,thx!

石狮市19121854569： 动词不定式能修饰名词吗 - ？
隐贝单糖：[答案] 当然能 动词不定式作定语的时候可以 例如: the best way to lose weight 减肥的最好的方法 the best way to study English 学英语的最好的方法 动词不定式作定语 —— 不定式作定语时,要放在所修饰的名词后面,这种不定式很多和它修饰的词有动宾关...

石狮市19121854569： 动词不定式主要用来修饰什么词,主要用途是什么? - ？
隐贝单糖：[答案] 动词不定式用法解读动词不定式是一种活跃的非谓语动词.它在句中起的是名词.形容词或副词的作用,可在句子中作主语.宾语.定语.状语和宾语补足语.动词不定式的形式是#to +动词原形#,但to有时要省去.动词不定式在具体运...

石狮市19121854569： 动词不定式作定语常修饰哪些名词 - ？
隐贝单糖： 例:Guilin is a good city to go sightseeing. to go sightseeing 做定语,修饰city,表示地点的名词.还可修饰表示时间、地点、人物等等都可以. 如:He is a good man to cooperate with.所以,建议: 学英语没必要死记那么多语法,只要你会判断,自己能举出例子,那就是最好的.

石狮市19121854569： 不定式的用法 - ？
隐贝单糖： 动词不定式由to+动词原形构成.这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义.不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态的特点及作用.可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语.除了跟情态动词和某些时态的助...

石狮市19121854569： 动词不定式的用法? - ？
隐贝单糖： 不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语. 1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作. 2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等...

石狮市19121854569： 什么情况下用动词不定式?有什么巧记的规律吗?英语的动词不定式在什么情况下使用?怎样巧妙的分出该不该用动词不定式? - ？
隐贝单糖：[答案] 一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化. 二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to).动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用). 三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能...

石狮市19121854569： 常见的不定代词的特殊用法是 - ？
隐贝单糖：[答案] 网上摘的,希望对你有所帮助 动词不定式的几种特殊用法 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,它的基本用法是在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语及宾语补足语等成分;同时,动词不定式又具有动词的...