being A MAN has aways been dangerous.阅读理解求答案 看图

Being a man has always been dangerous. 阅读理解有几处不明白~

第一个问题 动名词作主语 和不定式作主语的区别
动名词 经常性 习惯性 一般泛指性
不定式 阶段性 特定性 将来性 具体性
如 teaching english is his job.
to teach english is his job today.
第二个问题 change 在这里是及物动词 和主语是被动关系 所以用被动语态。不能变。
第三个问题 因为这里when表示的是时间段 表示动作持续的时间段 和主句的状态一致
第四个问题 more 是另外的 又 的意思 one more 是又一个的意思 gone的主语 是agent.
指的是主张进化的观点

此句中没有宾语
只有表语dangerous

being a man 是主语
has been 是谓语

答案是D(低成活率)
问题句的时态是过去式，即，问的是“历史上，人类必须面临的危险是......”
参见：
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题

Passage 2

①（15）Being a man has always been dangerous. ②There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. ③But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. ④Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. ⑤This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. ⑥More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. ⑦Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. ⑧Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.
①There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. ②Few people are as fertile as in the past. ③Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. ④Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. ⑤Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. ⑥（16）Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. ⑦India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. ⑧The grand mediocrity of today—everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring—means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.
For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. ②Strangely, it has involved little physical change. ③No other species fills so many places in nature. ④But in the past 100, 000 years—even the past 100 years—our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. ⑤（17）We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. ⑥Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”⑦No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.
15. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?
［A］ A lack of mates. ［B］ A fierce competition.
［C］ A lower survival rate. ［D］ A defective gene.

2000年英语试题答案
Part ⅡReading Comprehension
Passage 2
三、文章结构分析
本文是一篇关于人类进化的文章。先指出人类进化自然选择的因素已消失，进而说明人类身体已经停止进化并指出其社会原因。
第一段：指出自然选择的两个因素都已消失：男性死亡率和婴儿体重的差别。主要使用了（现在与过去）对比论证。
第二段：指出造成人类进化停止的另一个因素是：子女数目减少，并以印度为例进行说明。
第三段：总结全文，指出以上这些现象意味着人类进化已经结束，并分析其社会原因。

四、试题具体分析
15.What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph? 15.按照文章第一段，过去身为男性面临的危险是什么？
[A] A lack of mates. [A] 缺乏配偶。
[B] A fierce competition. [B] 激烈的竞争。
[C] A lower survival rate. [C] 存活率低。
[D] A defective gene. [D] 基因缺陷。
本题考核的知识点是：具体细节。
[快速解题］ 第一段①句指出过去存在的情况：作为男人充满危险。第二句用男女比例变化的数据予以说明：出生时男性比女性多，到成年期男女数量达到平衡，到70岁时女性比男性多一倍。从这个变化过程可以推出过去男性存活率普遍低于女性。此外，紧跟着的③句指出“（过去）男性死亡率普遍偏高的情况（the great universal of male mortality）正在改变”，因此【C】正确。从上述分析可知，到了成年期，男女的比例基本持平，因此男性不存在［A］ “缺乏配偶”的危险。［B］未在文中提到。本段只在最后一句提到“基因差异”（variation is due to genes），并没有提到“基因缺陷”，排除［D］。
［篇章分析］ 第一段指出自然选择的两个因素已消失。①至⑤句构成的意群指出，男女存活率的差异已经消失。①句用简洁概括的语言指出，过去身为男性总是充满危险。②句用数据对这种“危险”予以说明：在整个生命过程中，男性的存活率低于女性。...born...maturity...70-years-olds...构成的时间链串起了人的整个生命历程。③句为过渡句，指出这种情况已发生改变。is being changed说明这种变化是由于人为作用引起的。④⑤句指出现在的情况：男女的存活率已经几乎相同。⑥至⑩句构成的意群为“总——分——总”结构。⑥句为过渡句兼意群主旨句，承接上文指出，自然选择的另一个（another）因素也已消失。⑦至⑨句通过对比现在和过去的情况（Fifty years ago... Today）指出，体重几乎不再影响到婴儿的存活率。⑩句总结指出，这意味着又一个进化因素的消失。
［正确项设置］ ［C］是第一段②句的言外之意。
［干扰项设置］ ［A］对②句105 males born for every 100 females断章取义。但这种差异存在于“婴儿期”而不是“成年期”。［B］无中生有。［D］偷梁换柱，将“基因差异”偷换为“基因缺陷”。
五、全文翻译
身为男性总是有危险，男女出生时的比例大约是105∶100，但到了成年期，这一比例几乎持平，而在70岁的老年人中女性是男性的两倍。（句式1）但是男性死亡率普遍偏高的情况正在改变。如今，男婴存活率几乎同女婴一样高。这就意味着到了男孩寻找伴侣的关键年龄，将首次出现男孩过剩现象。更重要的是，自然选择的另一次机会也已不复存在了。50年前，婴儿（尤其是男婴）存活的机率取决于体重，轻一公斤或重一公斤几乎意味着必死无疑。现在，体重几乎不起什么作用。因为大部分差异是由基因引起的，所以进化的又一个因素消失了。
进化自杀还有另一种方法：活着，但少生孩子。（句式2）现在，没有几个人像过去那样具有旺盛的生育力。除了在一些宗教团体之外，几乎没有妇女能够生育15个孩子。当今出生的人数同死亡年龄一样已趋于平均化，我们多数人的子女数量大致相同。而且，人与人之间的差异和利用这种差异进行自然选择的机会都已经减少。（句式3）印度可以说明正在发生的一切。这个国家给大城市里的少数人提供财富，而给其余的各部落民族以贫困。今天这种极其显著的平均化——每个人的生存机会和子女数量都相同——意味着与部落相比，自然选择在印度中、上阶层已经失去了80%的效力。（句式4）
对我们来说，这意味着进化已经结束；生物学上的乌托邦已经来临。（句式5）奇怪的是，这一过程几乎丝毫没有牵涉到人身体上的变化。没有其他哪种物种在自然界中占有这么大的空间。但在过去的10万年——甚至过去的100年中，我们的生活发生了变化，但我们的身体却没有改变。我们没有进化。因为机器和社会代替我们进化了。达尔文曾用这样一句话描述那些对进化一无所知的人：他们“看有机的生命如同野人看船，好像看着某种完全不能理解的东西”。（句式6）毫无疑问，人类在回顾20世纪的生活方式时，会因其丑陋不堪而不能理解。但是，不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差很远感到多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少。（句式7）

A 文中第四行那句话可以看出来

A

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