唐代诗人孟郊的英文简介

简介诗人孟郊~

孟郊 (751-814)

唐代诗人。字东野。湖州武康(今浙江德清)人。早年贫困，曾游两湖、广西，无所遇合，屡试不第。46岁始中进士，50岁为溧阳尉。元和初，任河南水陆转运从事，试协律郎，定居洛阳。元和九年，在阌乡(今河南灵宝)暴病去世。张籍私谥为贞曜先生。孟郊专写古诗，现存诗500多首，以短篇五古最多。其中有的诗反映现实，揭露藩镇罪恶，如《征妇怨》、《感怀》、《杀气不在边》、《伤春》等；有的关心人民疾苦，愤慨贫富不均，如《织妇辞》、《寒地百姓吟》等；有的表现骨肉深情，如《游子吟》、《结爱》、《杏殇》等；有的刻画山水风景，如《汝州南潭陪陆中丞公宴》、《与王二十一员外涯游枋口柳溪》、《石淙》、《寒溪》、《送超上人归天台》、《峡哀》、《游终南山》等；有的写仕途失意，抨击浇薄世风，如《落第》、《溧阳秋霁》、《伤时》、《择友》等，还有的自诉穷愁，叹老嗟病，如《秋怀》、《叹命》、《老恨》等；而“出门即有碍，谁谓天地宽”(《赠崔纯亮》)一类诗，虽反映了世途艰险，但也表现了作者偏激的心情。孟诗艺术风格，或长于白描，不用词藻典故，语言明白淡素而又力避平庸浅易；或精思苦炼，雕刻奇险。这两种风格的诗，都有许多思深意远、造语新奇的佳作。但也有些诗过于艰涩枯槁，缺乏自然之趣。他和贾岛齐名，皆以苦吟著称，唐人张为称他的诗“清奇僻苦主”，而苏轼则称“郊寒岛瘦”。后来论者把孟、贾二人并称为苦吟诗人的代表。今传本《孟东野诗集》10卷。人民文学出版社刊印有华忱之校订《孟东野诗集》。夏敬观、华忱之均著有其年谱。

Meng Jiao was born into difficult times. His pursuit of poetry and failure until late in life to pass the imperial examinations (which might have eventually lead to a well-paid political career) resulted in his living a life in which necessities were scarce. Nevertheless, he succeeded in writing many successful poems and becoming an influential leader in terms of poetic innovation.

Birth: Meng Jiao was from what is now Deqing County in the province of Zhejiang, in China; but, at that time was Wukang (Chinese: 武康; pinyin: Wǔkāng), in the Tang Chinese province Huzhou. The year 751 in which Meng Jiao was born was also the year in which the Tang Dynasty's military expansionism began to reach its limits, with major military defeats both versus the Abbasid Caliphate in Central Asia in the Battle of Talas and versus the Kingdom of Nanzhao in Southeast Asia, (near modern Xiaguan, by Erhai Lake). Both battles resulted in major losses to Tang both in terms of troop strength and prestige. Shortly after Meng Jiao's birth, towards the end of 755, An Lushan launched a rebellion against the central government of Tang. Meng Jiao grew up during a time of military and economic disturbances as a result of this rebellion, which was known initially as the An Lushan Rebellion, but subsequently resulted in continuous disturbances to the political economy and basic safety of the citizenry which the central authority of Tang was unable to control.

Life in the South: Meng Jiao spent many years as a recluse and a poet in Southern China, associating himself with the Zen Buddhist poet-monks of the region. Eventually, at forty years of age, his wandering ways lead to his settling in the area of the major metropolis of Luoyang, as an impoverished and unemployed poet.

Luoyang: At the time of Meng Jiao's moving there, despite the period of disturbance, Luoyang was still one of the world's most populous and cosmopolitan cities, and a central nexus of social and cultural life in Tang China. In Luoyang, Meng Jiao found inclusion in a poetic circle including Han Yu, Jia Dao, and Li He.

Imperial Examinations: It has been said that as a result of failing to pass even the first stage of the examination system, Meng Chiao was doomed to a life of poverty and adversity. However, this opinion seems to be simplistic, and it is clear on good evidence that Meng eventually did pass the jinshi examination, but not until late in life. Meng Jiao was part of the literary circle centering on Han Yu. And it was Han Yu who writes in his epitaph of Meng that when he was a few years younger than fifty he finally did pass it. Also, Meng himself has a poem amongst his collected works entitled "After Passing the Examination". Fan Ju-lin in T'ang Teng K'o Chi states that Meng was 46 when he passed the Chin-shih, in the 12th year of the Chen Yuan period (796). In regard to the examination issue, neither was it to prevent his success as a poet nor did it ameliorate his poverty. Han Yu's epitaph on Meng's death contains a substantial amount of information about him.

Death: After Meng Jiao's death Han Yu wrote an epigraph upon his life and work. A rough translation of the epitaph is:

"On the cyclic day Chi-hai of the eighth month in the ninth year of the Yuan-ho period of the T'ang Dynasty, Master Chen Yao, Meng by surname died. He had no sons. His wife, a woman of the Cheng family, informed me.I went out and stood weeping, and then I summoned Chang Chi to mourn with me.The next day I sent a messenger to the eastern capital with money to contribute to the burial expenses. All those who had formerly associated with him came together to send condolences.Then, by mail, I informed the former Minister, now Governor of Hsing -yuan, Yu-ch'ing. During the inter-calary month, Fan Tsung-shih sent his condolences. We told him the burial date and he asked me to write the inscription. I wept, saying, "Oh can I still bear to write my friends epitaph?" The governor of Hsing Yuan sent money to the Meng family to contribute to the funeral expenses and moreover came to discuss family affairs. Fan's envoy asked that the epitaph be speedily done, saying,"If it is not done there will be nothing to protect him from the darkness". So I wrote this preface and this epitaph. The master's taboo name was Chiao (Jiao), and his courtesy name was Tung-yeh. His father, T'ing-fen married a woman of the P'ei family and was selected for appointment of Wei (an entry level official position) at K'un Shan. His father had two more sons, Meng's younger brothers, Feng and Ying, before he died. When Meng was six or seven years old, the beginnings of his character could be seen.When he grew up his spirit was exceedingly lofty but he softened it and made his outer and inner-self excellent and amiable.His appearance was serene and his spirit was pure. He was capable of both respect and friendship. As for his poetry, it pierces one's eye and impales one's heart. It cuts to the point like a thread parting at the touch of a knife. His barbed words and thorny sentences tear at one's guts. His ability at writing is like a spirit's or a ghost's which is glimpsed in between over and over again. He cared only for writing and didn't care what the world thought. Some people said to him that he must explain his poetry or it would not be understandable to later generations. Chiao replied, "I have already put it out there and given it to them. Surely this is enough. Before he was fifty, he began because of his mother's influence, to come to the capital to take the chin-shih examination. When he passed he left. Four years later he was ordered to come to be selected and was appointed the Wei of Li yang. He invited his mother to come to Li Yang. Two years after leaving his position as Wei, the former Minister Cheng, who was the Governor of Ho-nan, memorialized that Meng be made officer in charge of transportation. He was made the provisional officer in charge of land and water transportation.. Cheng Yu-ch'ing personally paid his respects to Chiao's mother inside the door. Five years after she died, Cheng, who's was then the Governor of Hsing-yuan, memorialized that Meng be appointed an advisor with the title Ta Li Ping-shih. When Meng was bringing his wife and her family to Hsing yuan, they stopped over at Wen Hsiang. Here, Meng suddenly took ill and died. He was sixty-four. They bought a coffin for the body and he was returned to his home in a carriage. Feng and Ying were both in Chiang-nan. On the day of Keng-shen, in the tenth month, Fan presented all the gifts and contributions for the funeral. They buried him to the east of Loyang and to the left of his ancestors tombs. The extra money was given to his family to carry out the sacrifices.As they were about to bury him, Chang Chi said, " He lifted up virtue and shook splendour that shone even unto the ancients. There is a precedent for those who are virtuous to change their name. How much more so is there for this man? If I call him Chen Yao then his name will be record of his nature and no one will need an explanation of his character. All agreed to it and so they used it. One who had studied with him, his uncle Meng Chien, (who had been transferred from the Censorate to become Inspector of Che-Tung) said, "In life I was not able to promote him. In death I know how to be in sympathy with his family".The inscription read: "Alas, Chen Yao, he was constant and steadfast and could not be swayed. All that he had to offer the world couldn't be measured but he did not have a chance to show it. Dying he had nothing to leave but the brilliance of his poetry"

Poetry: His poetry is written in the five-character per line gushi style (which can also be considered to be a a type of "folk-song-styled-verse", or yuefu, as in the Three Hundred Tang Poems). Around 500 of his poems survive, many upon the themes of poverty and cold, and typified by the strong—and sometimes shocking—imagery advocated by Han Yu. Two of his poems are included in the Three Hundred Tang Poems. One of which, "游子吟" -- translated by Witter Bynner as "A Traveller's Song", by A. C. Graham as "Wanderer's Song", and by John C. H. Wu as "The Song of a Wandering Son" -- is one of the most famous Classical Chinese poems.

David Hinton has recently shown an interest in translating some of Meng's poems (about 53) of which some 500 odd are extant. His book is entitled "The Late Poems of Meng Chiao" published by Princeton University Press 1996.Su Tung-p'o a noted Sung dynasty scholar and poet did not think much of Meng's poetry.

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鲁甸县13663521651： 唐代诗人孟郊的英文简介 - ？
素善香菊： MENG JIAO (MENG CHIAO) (751-814) Meng Jiao came from Huzhou-Wukang (present-day Deqing County, Zhejiang province) and was the oldest and among the best of the circle of writers who gathered around the great prose master Han Yu in ...

鲁甸县13663521651： 诗人孟郊是哪个朝代的 - ？
素善香菊： 1、孟郊是唐代诗人. 2、人物简介 孟郊(751年—815年),字东野,湖州武康(今浙江德清县)人,祖籍平昌(今山东德州临邑县),唐代著名诗人.先世居汝州(今属河南汝州),后隐居嵩山.因其诗作多写世态炎凉,民间苦难,故有“诗囚之称,并于”贾岛齐名“郊寒岛瘦”. 孟郊两试进士不第,四十六岁时才中进士,曾任溧阳县尉.由于不能舒展他的抱负,遂放迹林泉间,徘徊赋诗.以至公务多废,县令乃以假尉代之.后因河南尹郑余庆之荐,任职河南(河南府今洛阳),晚年生活,多在洛阳度过.宪宗元和九年,郑余庆再度招他往兴元府任参军,乃偕妻往赴,行至阌乡县(今河南灵宝),暴疾而卒,葬洛阳东.张籍私谥为”贞曜先生“.

鲁甸县13663521651： 孟郊简介 - ？
素善香菊： 唐代诗人.字东野.湖州武康(今浙江德清)人.早年贫困,曾游两湖、广西,无所遇合,屡试不第.46岁始中进士,50岁为溧阳尉.元和初,任河南水陆转运从事,试协律郎,定居洛阳.元和九年,在阌乡(今河南灵宝)暴病去世.张籍私谥...

鲁甸县13663521651： 孟郊是什么时代的 - ？
素善香菊： 孟郊(751年-814年),字东野,唐代诗人,唐朝湖州武康(今浙江德清)人,汉族.现存诗歌500多首,以短篇的五言古诗最多,没有一首律诗.代表作有《游子吟》.有“诗囚”之称,又与贾岛齐名,人称“郊寒岛瘦”.

鲁甸县13663521651： 孟郊是什么代诗人 - ？
素善香菊： 孟郊,唐代诗人,汉族.现存诗歌500多首,以短篇的五言古诗最多,代表作有《游子吟》.有“诗囚”之称,又与贾岛齐名,人称“郊寒岛瘦”.元和九年,在阌乡(今河南灵宝)因病去世.张籍私谥为贞曜先生.

鲁甸县13663521651： 被称为诗囚的那位诗人? ？
素善香菊： 孟郊(751~814),唐代诗人.字东野.湖州武康(今浙江德清)人,祖籍平昌(今山东临邑东北).先世居洛阳(今属河南).父庭玢,任昆山县尉时生郊.孟郊早年生...

鲁甸县13663521651： 孟郊是诗什么？
素善香菊： 孟郊,(751~814),唐代诗人,字东野,唐代湖州武康(今浙江德清县)人,祖籍平昌(今山东德州临邑县),先世居洛阳(今属河南).现存诗歌500多首,以短篇的五言古诗最多,没有一首律诗.他作诗的态度极为严谨,往往苦思力锤,入深履险,甚至含着涩味,如:《游子吟》.孟郊有“诗囚”之称,又与贾岛齐名,人称“郊寒岛瘦”.元和九年,在阌乡(今河南灵宝)因病去世

鲁甸县13663521651： 唐代诗人孟郊人称什么 - ？
素善香菊： 你好:这里是孟郊的简介:孟郊,(751~814),唐代诗人,字东野,唐代湖州武康(今浙江德清县)人,祖籍平昌(今山东德州临邑县),先世居洛阳(今属河南).现存诗歌500多首,以短篇的五言古诗最多,没有一首律诗.他作诗的态度极为严谨,往往苦思力锤,入深履险,甚至含着涩味,如:《游子吟》.孟郊有“诗囚”之称,又与贾岛齐名,人称“郊寒岛瘦”.元和九年,在阌乡(今河南灵宝)因病去世.我认为这里应该是诗囚或者郊寒岛瘦.这也是辛苦搜来的,给个好评吧.

鲁甸县13663521651： 唐朝诗人孟郊是哪里人？
素善香菊： 中文名: 孟郊别名: 东野国籍: 中国出生地: 湖州武康(今浙江德清)人出生日期: 公元751年 逝世日期: 公元814年职业: 诗人代表作品: 《征妇怨》、《感怀》、《伤春》、《游子吟》、《结爱》 中文名: 孟郊别名: 东野国籍: 中国出生地: 湖州武康(今浙江德清)人出生日期: 公元751年 逝世日期: 公元814年职业: 诗人代表作品: 《征妇怨》、《感怀》、《伤春》、《游子吟》、《结爱》

鲁甸县13663521651： 孟郊是哪一个朝代的 - ？
素善香菊： 希望对你有帮助:唐朝孟郊,(751~814),唐朝诗人,字东野,唐朝湖州武康(今浙江德清县)人,祖籍平昌(今山东德州临邑县).先世居洛阳(今属河南).现存诗歌500多首,以短篇的5言古诗最多,代表作有《游子吟》.有“诗囚”之...