动词不定式的用法详解

英语。动词不定式的用法，说简单点~

动词的不定式
①不定式有标记，to与动词连一起。
②没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。
③主宾定状表补语，唯独作谓不可以。
④not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。
⑤疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。
⑥仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据。
解析：①“to+动词原形”是它的基本构成形式，即不定式的标记。
②它没有人称和数的变化，不管主语是任何人称，单数还是复数，动词不定式都没有变化。但它仍保留动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。
③它具有名词、形容词和副词三大特点，所以，它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、状语和宾补。
④“not +动词不定式”是它的否定形式，不要受其他否定式的影响，要记住规律。
⑤疑问代词what, who, whom, which和疑问副词where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主语，宾语、表语、状语。
⑥通过以上分析，只要仔细研究，把不定式的功能用法搞清楚，在应用时就能作出准确的判断。

1、不定式作定语
不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。如：
①The next train to arrive is from Washington.
下班车来自华盛顿。
②Do you have anything to be taken to your sister?
有什么需要带给你妹妹的么？
③Do you have anything to say on the question?
对这个问题你有什么想说的么？
④Would you please give me some paper to write on?
你能给我一些纸么？
⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
我去法国旅行的愿望终于实现了。
不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系：
(1)表示将来的动作（例①）。
(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词（例④）。
(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍 用主动语态（例③）；如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态（例②）。
(4)不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。

扩展资料
1、不定式的一般式
不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
He appears to be very happy.他看起来好象很高兴。（同时发生）
To catch the train，we’d better hurry to the station by taxi.为了赶上火车，我们最好赶紧乘出租车去车站。
(to catch the train 发生在hurry to the station 之后.
2、不定式的进行式
不定式的进行式表示正在进行的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
I’m glad to be travelling with you.我很高兴和你一起旅游。
3、不定式的完成式
不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语表示的动作之前。
It has been an honor for me to have been invited to your country.对我来说，应邀来你们国家是一件很荣耀的事。
4、不定式的完成进行式
不定式的完成进行式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生并且一直进行着。
He was said to have been living in London for 20 years.据说他在伦敦一直住了20年。
参考资料：百度百科-动词不定式

不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。
1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
【例如】
To complete the 30�storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.
To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
【例如】
It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
It做形式主语，不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中：
a) It is＋形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)＋( for/of sb.)＋不定式
【例如】
It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.
It is hard to put my hopessintoswords.
It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
b) It is＋名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one's du�ty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)＋不定式
It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
It is a pity to have to go without her.
It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)＋不定式
It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作，主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词，如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。
【例如】
The most important thing for one's health is to have plenty of exercise.
My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.
The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.
What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3)不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语：
afford,agree,apply,arrange,ask,attempt,beg,begin,care,choose,claim,consent,demand,decide,desire,determine,
expect,fail,hope,hesitate,hate,intend,learn,like,manage,mean,neglect,offer,plan,prepare pretend,promise,refuse,resolve,seek,tend,threaten,want等。
【例如】
I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor's degree.
The room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.
She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.
There is a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means( )trouble. (CET-4 1997, 1)
A) making
B) to make
C) to have made
D)shavingsmade
mean后面一般加不定式，所以A和D可以排除。根据句意，他看起来非常生气，他想找麻烦，不定式的动作还没有实施，应用一般式，因此答案为B。不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中；主语＋动词＋it＋形容词＋不定式。
【例如】
We found it impossible to get everything ready in time. I think it important to learn English well in college.
使用这种句型的常见动词有：believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
4)“wh�word＋不定式”结构不定式前加一个疑问代词(what, which, who, whom, whose)或疑问副词(where, when, how, why)，以及连词whether构成特殊的不定式短语，其作用相当于一个从句，这样的不定式短语常在某些动词后面作宾语。
常见的可以接这种不定式短语的动词有：
know, see, decide, tell,ask,consider,discover,explain,findout,forget,guess,hear,imagine,inquire,learn,observe,
perceive,remember,think,understand,wonder等。
【例如】
I couldn't decide which book to choose. I can tell youswheresto get this book.They found it hard to decide
whether to go swimming next Sunday or to visit Aunt Sally in New Year.“wh�word+不定式”结构除了作宾语外，还可以在句中作主语或者表语。
【例如】
When to start the program remains undecided. The question is how to put the plansintospractice.
5)不定式作状语
a)不定式作状语表示目的。或用于so as和in order之后，来强调这种目的。
【例如】
To learn a foreign language well, you must make painstaking efforts.
Mother saved every cent she could spare to pay for my schooling.We must develop science and technology at
high speed so as to raise scientific and cultural level of our country.
Insgroupsto get a high mark in Band 4, he did a lot of exercises both in grammar and reading comprehension.
b)不定式表示结果，特别是在so...as to, such...as to, only to...以及too...to等结构中的不定式表示结果。
【例如】
I rushed to the station as fast as I could, only to find the train already gone.
She left her hometown with her beloved man, never to return.No one is too old to learn.
Would you be so kind as to carry the luggage for me?
c)不定式常用来修饰形容词，构成下列词组：be able to, be afraid to, be apt to, be bound to, be certain to, be easy to, be eager to, be fit to, be likely to, be ready to, be sure to, be unable to, be unwilling to, be willing to等。
【例如】
Chinese team is bound to win the World Cup.
It is likely to rain today, for it is very cloudy.
I am willing to help you with your homework, for we are friends.
6)不定式作宾语补语不定式常跟在下列动词之后作宾语补语：ask, advise, allow, beg, cause, compel, command, enable, encourage,expect, feel, force, find, hear, have, inform, invite, let, make, mean, notice, order, permit, persuade, remind, require, request,teach, tell, urge, watch, warn, watch等。
【例如】
Because of the complexity of the modern equipments, most offices require secretaries to have specified training.
He asked you to call him at ten o'clock.
The note reminds me to be careful whatever I do.
I'd never allow my children to behave like that.
当不定式在let, make, have, hear, look at, listen to, feel, observe, watch, notice, perceive(感觉到)等动词后面作宾语补语时，不定式不带to.
【例如】
Whenever something is wrong with you, please do let me know.
I will have the students write a passage about Internet.
I saw my mother shed tears at the news that the neighbor girl got seriously hurt in a car accident.
It seemed so long before he heard the stone hit the water.
7)不定式作主补带有宾语及宾语补足语结构的动词变为被动语态时，原来的宾语变为主语，宾补则变为主补。加主补的动词主要有：assume, believe,know, report, say, suppose等。
【例如】
Mr. Brown is said to have left for Italy last week.(It is said that Mr. Brown left for Italy last week.)
Persons have been said to climb on roofs, solve mathematical problems, compose music, walk through windows and commit murder in their sleep.
He is reported to have won the 100�meter running race in the Olympic games.
8)不定式作定语
a)不定式作定语通常要放在其所修饰的名词或代词之后。
不定式常作下列的名词定语：attempt, ability, anything, chance, desire, determination, decision, effort, failure, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, tendency, time, way等。
【例如】
His efforts to carry out the plan were successful.I have no intention to go to the cinema with you.
There is no need to bother him with such trifles.
There is a tendency to writer quite long sentences in commercial correspondence.
The pressure( )causes Americans to be energetic, but it also put them under a constant emotional strain. (CET-4 1997,6)
A) to compete
B) competing
C) to be competed
D)shavingscompeted
pressure后面应接后置定语，表示竞争的压力。单个分词作定语一般置于名词前，故B和D可以排除。C为不定式的被动式，而竞争和压力之间没有被动关系，因此正确答案为A。特别注意的是在不定式与其修饰的名词有动宾关系时，要根据句子的需要在不定式后加适当的介词，这个介词的选用取决于被修饰的名词或不
定式本身的要求。
【例如】
She is a very nice person to work with.
This is an important issue to talk about.
b)由only, last, next,序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。
【例如】
Mr. Zhang is always the first man to arrive at the office and the last man to leave.I don't think he is the best one to do the work.
9)不带to的不定式在下列词组后面的不定式不带to：would rather ...than(宁愿……也不), had better...(最好)，can't help but...(不得不), had
rather...(宁愿)，cannot but...(不得不，必然)，may/might as well...(不妨)，let alone(更不用说)。
【例如】
You'd better return the books to the library on time. Otherwise, you will be fined.
I can't help but wish that nothing would go wrong.
They had never seen such delicious food, let alone eat it.

不定式是一种非谓语动词，可分为带to的和不带to的语态变化如下：一般式：所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生或发生于其动作之后进行时：表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作它不存在被动语态完成式：所表的动作发生在谓语动词之前
用法：1.做主语当代英语常用it做形式主语，把真正的主语放在谓语后

---

九龙坡区19712044192： 动词不定式(语法结构) - 搜狗百科？
利熊都梁： 原发布者:271684580动词不32313133353236313431303231363533e59b9ee7ad9431333433623736定式用法归纳动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语.但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、...

九龙坡区19712044192： 动词不定式的七种用法(八年级常用) - ？
利熊都梁：[答案] 动词不定式的基本形式为to+动词原形. 1.动词不定式做主语.谓语用第三人称单数形式.如果主语较长则用it做形式主语,将真正的主语动词不定式放到句尾.eg To see is to believe. It's a bad habit to run after dinner. 2 做表语.the important things is to save ...

九龙坡区19712044192： 动词不定式的用法? - ？
利熊都梁： 不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语. 1)不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作. 2)不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等...

九龙坡区19712044192： 动词不定式的所有用法? - ？
利熊都梁： 不定式是非谓语动词的一种,多为to do,也有不带to的,不定式在句中可作主语,宾语,表语(最简单了,系表结构),宾补,定语状语,例子就不列举了,考试时主要看有没有谓语,有的就考虑非谓(不定式,过去分词,现在分词)还要主意时态,和逻辑主语有没有构成被动关系

九龙坡区19712044192： 帮我解释下动词不定式的用法. - ？
利熊都梁：[答案] 动词 不定式 afford aim appear agree arrange ask be decide bother care choose come dare demand desire determine expect elect endeavor hope fail happen help hesitate learn long mean manage offer ought p...

九龙坡区19712044192： 英语动词不定式怎么用? ？
利熊都梁： 1.作主语 作主语用的动词不定式常常用it替代,动词不定式(或短语)放在后面.2.作宾语 3.作表语4.作宾语补足语5.作定语 动词不定式作定语时,要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后面.6.作状语 (1)表示目的 (2)表示结果 7.和某些形容词连用 和动词不定式经常连用的形容词有sure,ready,happy,sorry,afraid等.8.和疑问词who,what,when,where,which,how构成不定式短语作宾语.

九龙坡区19712044192： 动词不定式有关知识用法等 - ？
利熊都梁：[答案] 动词不定式过关指导动词不定式的句法功能非常广泛,在句中可作主语、宾语、补足语、表语、定语及状语等成分.一、作主语 ⑴动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词常常用单数.例如:To do morning exercises is useful for our h...

九龙坡区19712044192： 动词不定式的用法解析 ,练习题及答案 - ？
利熊都梁：[答案] 高中应掌握的动词不定式知识 1.不定式的构成形式:to do\to be done\to be doing\to have done \to have been done 2.不定式的语法功能:主语、宾语、宾补、表语、状语、定语. 3.不定式在某些句型中的意义: 1)主+谓(推断)+to be(表同时)/to ...

九龙坡区19712044192： 求动词不定式的7种用法,要专业详细的哟!谢谢？
利熊都梁： 一、常接不定式作宾语的动词有want,love,learn,agree,decide,hope,refuse等.例如: I'm learning to skate on real ice. 我正在真正的冰上学滑冰. [特别提醒]不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,通常用it作形式宾语,而把不定式短语...