谁能把新目标初一到初三的语法点给我归纳一下啊!
1,一般现在时
2,一般过去时
3,一般将来时
4,现在进行时
还有几种词
1,名词
2,代词
3,形容词
4,动词
5,冠词
have sb do sth 让某人做某事
speng sth doing sth花....做某事
observe sb do sth注意到某人做某事
allow sb to do sth允许某人做某事
respect sb for sth 因某事尊敬某人
argue sb into doing sth说服某人做某事
encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人干某事
represent sth to sb向某人陈述某事
inteng sb to do sth打算让某人做某事
prepare sb to do sth让某人准备做某事
drive sb to do sth迫使某人做某事
begen to do sth开始做某事
used to do sth过去常常干某事
see sb do sth看到某人做某事
imagine sb doing sth想要某人做某事
invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事
advise sb to do sth劝告某人做某事
decided to do sth决定做某事
apply to do sth建议某人做某事
y是个很常用的介词(有时也用作副词),在初中英语中的用法有以下几种: 1.意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如: Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞,有的在湖边画画儿。 2.意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如: Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲? 3.表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如: The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.
猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.
孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4.表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如: One by one they went past the table in the dark.
他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5.表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如:What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6.和take , hold等动词连用,说明接触身体的某一部分。如: I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。 7.用于被动句中,表示行为主体,常译作“被”、“由”等。如: English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。(即“许多人讲英语。”) 8.组成其它短语。 1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”,常做插入语。如: By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know?
顺便问一下,李平在哪儿。你知道吗? 2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如: I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。 3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如: But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后,越来越多的人开始学英语了。
二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing,相当于名词,在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1)★作主语(这种用法常考)
Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2)作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?
请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗?3)作表语Babysister’s job is washing,cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服,作饭和照看孩子。
Unit2
used to 的用法:(1)肯定句:used这个词没有人称的变化,to后面接动词原形。
否定句是didn’t use to….
When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.
疑问形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿?
(2)含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语,而用didn’t + 主语。He used to smoke, didn’t he? 他过去常常吸烟,是吗?Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. 是的,他吸。/ 不,他不吸。
(3)used to 表示过去的习惯动作, 而不是现在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯于这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。
(4)used to 可以和be, have 以及其他状态动词连用,描写过去的状态。 I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员,但现在我是出租车司机。
★ 本单元的许多运用used to 的句子属于描述过去的状态。Mario used to be short. 马力奥过去总是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing. 爱米过去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。He used to wear black shoes. 他过去常穿黑鞋。
Unit3
本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法 英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态,人称和数的变化,其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。
一、被动语态的句式变化: 以一般现在时和动词invite为例,列表说明被动语态的句式变化:
二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下: 被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的,be是什么时态,全句就是什么时态,be动词后面的过去分词不变。 一般现在时的被动语态为:主+am / is / are (not)+过去分词 一般过去时的被动语态为:主+was / were +过去分词
例如: 我们学过的was / were born 生于,就是一个被动语态. born是个过去分词(bear) -When were you born ? -I was born in 1989. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语+is / am / are + being +过去分词
现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语+have / has +been +过去分词
情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词+be+过去分词
一般将来时的被动语态: 主语+will +be +过去分词
过去将来时的被动语态: 主语+would / should + be +过去分词
过去进行时的被动语态: 主语+was / were + being +过去分词
过去完成时的被动语态: 主语+had + been +过去分词
三、被动语态的用法:(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁,不用by+动作执行者短语 Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。
(2)强调动作的承受者,这时应用by短语。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。
(3)作客观说明时,常采用一种被动语态句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.
据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。
四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是: (1)把原句中的宾语变为主语 (2)动词改为被动形式,即be+过去分词 (3)原来的主语,如果需要的话,放在by后面,如果没必要,可省略。 请看下表:
主动语态被动语态
They make trains in Zhuzhou. They use this key for locking the classroom door.Many people speak English.He wrote a letter.They are building a road.Trains are made in Zhuzhou.This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them).English is spoken by many people.A letter was written by him.A road is being built (by them).
Unit4
虚拟语气:如果我们所说的不是事实,也不是要求、命令、劝告等,而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气
注意:条件句分两种,真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟(非真实)条件句中,才用虚拟语气,而在真实条件句中,要用陈述语气。
请比较:
(1)If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.
如果明天天气好,我们将会去公园。在这句话中,明天天气好是完全有可能实现的,并非虚拟、幻想,因此是真实条件句。在本句中,适用“主将从现。”
(2)If I were you , I would go at once.
(如果我是你的话,我立刻就走。)在这句话中,条件句,“如果我是你”,但事实上,我不可能成为你,这只是假设的情况,没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小,甚至可以说没有时,就需要用虚拟语气来表示,动词发生了变化。
也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时,从句用一般过时。
主句用 “should/would/could/ might +动词原形。
1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.
2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.
3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.
知识点2. He doesn’t know if he should bring a present.
此处if表示“是否”,引导宾语从句。Should此处表示“应该”。不是虚拟语气。
E.g.1. I don’t know if I should go to the party.
2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .
知识点3.If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.
if 引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时,be动词只能用were,而不能用was。
E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .
知识点4. I don’t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present?
What if… “如果……怎么办?”相当于 what would happen if…
E.g. What shall I do if it snows?
知识点5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.
Trouble 麻烦事 ,名词
常用搭配 :get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what’s the trouble
“if”引导的条件句。
nit5
It must be--- (肯定是,100%)
It might/could be… (有可能,20-80%)
It can’t be… (肯定不是,0%)
程度肯定句否定句疑问句
must★ ★ ★ ★√
may★ ★ ★√√
might
/could★ ★√
√
√
√
can’t
can★√
√
1. --- Whose book is this?
--- It must be Mary’s. (肯定; 一定)
It must belong to Mary.
2. --- Whose French book is this?
--- It could be Ali’s. She studies French. (可能)
3. The hair band might belong to Linda.
might be Linda’s. (可能)
4. The T-shirt can’t be John’s. (不可能)
It’s much too small for him.
练习:1. --- Whose pen is this?
--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.
A. can’t be B. might be C. must belong to
2. That’s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.
A. can be B. might be C. must be D. can’t be
3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. may not
Unit6
定语从句
1. who 指人,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
The man who I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人,作宾语 (作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.
3. which 指物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省)
These are the trees which were planted last year.
This recorder (which) he is using is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
4. that 指人/物,作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略)
A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly.
He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.
The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.
↓
The scientist Ø we met yesterday is very famous in the world.
who
whom
that
The dress is new. She is wearing it.
↓
The dress that she is wearing is new.
which
Ø
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.
↓
He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.
who
whom
Ø
This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.
↓
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
Ø
在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时,有如下要点:
1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用,又在从句中充当一个成分,因此, 要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能,如作主语还是宾语等。
2 当先行词指人时,关系代词可用who(做主语,宾语),that(做主语,宾语),whom(作宾语),whose(作定语)
3 当先行词指物时,关系代词可用that(做主语,宾语),which(做主语,宾语)
4 再定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词长可省略,但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时,介词后只用whom,指物时,介词后只用which。
5 在非限制性定语从句中,指人时,只用who,指物时,只用which。
1.定语从句中that与who、which的区别
2.定语从句中关系词的省略
典型例题
1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.
A. where B. why C. which D. that
解析:指事物的先行词前有序数词修饰时,只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案是D。
2. I don’t think history is as interesting as English.(改为同义词)
I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.
解析:答案是:less; than。意思是“我认为历史不如英语有趣”。
3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.(改为同义句)
The woman ________ the hat is my mother.
解析:读题后可知:上句含义是“戴帽子的那个妇女旭我的妈妈”,对应下句,可知空格处应填“戴”,故正确答案是in。
选择填空
1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike.
A.which B.what C.who D./
2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice.
A.which B.what C./ D.who
3. I’m one of the students _______well in English in my class.
A.who does B.who do C.which does D.who did
4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?
A.that B.where C.which D.the one
5. All______ they have done is good for us.
A.what B.which C.why D.that
Unit7
表达意愿的几个基本句子
a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.
答案:a. I hope to b. I’d like to c. I’d love to d. I want to
She would like to go to New York. (对划线部分提问)
答案:Where would she like to go?
注意:where在本句中为副词,go后面不能再加to,而Which city would she like to go to? 中which为代词。
九年级英语复习---语法讲解(Units8-15)
Unit8
1、短语动词小结
常见短语动词结构有下面几种:
1.动词+副词 如:give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜
这种结构有时相当于及物动词,如果其宾语是代词,就必须放在动词和副词之间,如果是名词,则既可插在动词和副词之间,也可放 在短语动词后。
2. 动词+介词 如:listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于
这种结构相当于及物动词,后面跟宾语。
3. 动词+副词+介词 如:come up with 提出,想出 run out of 用完,耗尽
4. 动词+名词(介词) 如:take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住
2、倒装句
not only … but (also) … 不但… 而且… 用来连接两个并列的成分
(1)引导以 not only …but (also)… 开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。
因此 ⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要
把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如:
①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。
⑵Not only…but (also)… 接两主语时,谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化 也就是就近原则 如:
①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。
②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。
常见的就近原则的结构有:
Neither… nor…即不…也不… (两者都不)
Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。
Either… or… 不是…就是… (两者中的一个)
Either Lily or you are a student.
Not only …but (also)…
There be
11. 动词的时态
11.1 一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.2 一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?
2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。
3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。
4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。
比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)
Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)
注意: 用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。
1)动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗?
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。
2)情态动词 could, would。例如:
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?
返回动词的时态目录
11.3 used to / be used to
used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。
be used to + doing: 对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:
He is used to a vegetarian diet.
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。
典型例题
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.
---- It's 69568442.
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.4 一般将来时
1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:
Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢?
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?
2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。
a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?
b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。
3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。
4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。
注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
返回动词的时态目录
11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如:
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
返回动词的时态目录
11.6 be to和be going to
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)
返回动词的时态目录
11.7 一般现在时表将来
1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。
2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。
3)在时间或条件句中。例如:
When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。
4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.8 用现在进行时表示将来
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?
返回动词的时态目录
11.9 现在完成时
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成:have (has) +过去分词。
返回动词的时态目录
11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时
1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。
2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。
共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。
3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如:
I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)
I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)
Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)
Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)
He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)
句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。
(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.
(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
返回动词的时态目录
11.11 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分,用现在完成时。例如:
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
注意:It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is +形容词最高级+that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时。例如:
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
典型例题
(1) ---Do you know our town at all?
---No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时,故选B。
(2) ---Have you ____ been to our town before?
---No, it's the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时,反意词为never,此两词常用于完成时。
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
返回动词的时态目录
11.12 比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)
注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.
返回动词的时态目录
11.13 since的四种用法
1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:
I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。
2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如:
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。
3) since +从句。例如:
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。
4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词
1) 用于完成时的区别
延续动词表示经验、经历; 瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2) 用于till / until从句的差异
延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.15 过去完成时
1) 概念:表示过去的过去
----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前 那时 现在
2) 用法
a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如:
She said (that)she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。
b. 状语从句
在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在先,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。例如:
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时,小偷们早就跑了。
c. 表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"。例如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来,但是你没有来。
3) 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如:
He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年,爱迪生开始自己谋生。
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
汤姆失望了,因为他到达晚会时,大部分客人已经走了。
典型例题
The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.
A. had written, left B,were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left
答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前,因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去,用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点,表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下,when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。
注意: had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如:
I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门,他就打了我。
had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如:
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车,转眼又卖了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时
1) 两个动作如按顺序发生,又不强调先后,或用then,and,but 等连词时,多用一般过去时。例如:
When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。
2 ) 两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:
When I heard the news, I was very excited.
3) 叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
返回动词的时态目录
11.17 将来完成时
1) 构成will have done
2) 概念
a. 状态完成:表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如:
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。
b. 动作完成:表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前,已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如:
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时,你已经到达上海了。
返回动词的时态目录
11.18 现在进行时
现在进行时的基本用法:
a. 表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。例如:
We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。
b. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。例如:
Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
c. 表示渐变,这样的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如:
The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。
It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。
d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如:
You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。
典型例题
My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.
A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.
答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态,应用进行时,由于没有找到,其影响仍然存在,应用完成时,瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。
返回动词的时态目录
11.19 不用进行时的动词
1)表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。
2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。
3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。
4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
返回动词的时态目录
11.20 过去进行时
1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。
2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。
3) 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。
典型例题
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read;was falling B. was reading; fell C. was reading; was falling D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。
语言意义上一致:当主语在形式上是单数,意义上是复数时,谓语动词要用复数形式;当主语在形式上是复数而意义上是单数时,谓语动词要用单数形式。
一。 集体名词,如:family,team,class等作主语时,如果作为一个单位(整体)看待,谓语动词用单数形式;如果作为整体中的各个成员看待时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
一、概念不同:
一般现在时表示主语经常性和习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示说话者的能力及自然现象。而现在进行时表示说话时(瞬间)正在进行的动作,也表示目前或现阶段一直进行的动作。如:
She often does her homework in the evening. 她经常在晚上做作业。
She is doing her homework now. 现在她正在做作业。
二、在构成方式上的不同:
一般现在时中谓语动词的构成有以下三种情况:
①be动词的一般现在时形式:am,is,are.
②动词have的一般现在时形式:have,has.
③其他行为动词的一般现在时形式有动词原形或第三人称单数形式。
而现在进行时中谓语动词的构成是:am/is/are+动词的-ing形式(现在分词)。
三、时间状语不同:
一般现在时的时间状语主要有:always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every day,on Sundays,in the morning/afternoon/evening等;
现在进行时的时间状语主要有:now,these days,this week,at the moment等,有时句首有“Look!”、“Listen!”或“It’s+时刻”等词、句存在。如:
We play football in the afternoon.我们在下午踢足球。(一般现在时)
My mother is reading a newspaper now. 我妈妈正在看报纸。(现在进行时)
四、感情色彩不同:
一般现在时往往不带任何感情色彩,语气比较肯定。现在进行时常带有一定的感情色彩,并多与always, often等副词连用。如:
Mr. Li works hard in the factory. 李先生在工厂工作努力。(说明事实,语气比较肯定)
Mr. Li is always working hard in the factory.李先生在工厂工作一直很努力。(表示赞扬)
五、用语范围不同:
某种表示情感、意识(如want,like,know等);表示“有”的have等动词,一般不用于现在进行时,但可用于一般现在时。如:
我现在就想回家。
误:I am wanting to go home now.
正:I want to go home now.
他有一台电脑。
误:He is having a computer.
正:He has a computer.
六、时间范围不同:
这两种时态所表示的时间范围都可能有“过去——现在——将来”的意味,但相对而言,一般现在时持续的时间较长,甚至无限。而现在进行时持续的时间较短,可能片刻完成。如:
She comes from Shanghai. 她是上海人。
She is coming from Shanghai.她正从(或即将从)上海来
My family is a small one, but my family all like watching football matches.
(前者指“家庭”,后者指“家人”)
二。 表示总称意义的名词,如people,police等作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
Of all things, people are the most important.
三。 “百分数词/分数词 + of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;但“百分数词 / 分数词 + of + 不可数名词/单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
2/3 of the workers are from Japan.
40 percent of my homework has been finished.
四。 表示“金钱、时间、距离、重量”等名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
100 years is not long.
五。 all作主语,如果指代人或可数名词含有复数意义时,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指代抽象性事物时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
All are here. 大家都在这儿。
All is going on well. 一切进展顺利。
六。 “none of + 不可数名词”作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式,“none + of 复数代词/ 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式。如:
None of the food was wasted.
None of us knows / know how to work out the problem.
七。 Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep等单、复数同形的名词作主语时,它们自身在句中的意义决定其谓语动词的单、复数形式。如:
Chinese is one of the eight subjects we must study at school.(Chinese指语言)
These five Chinese are studying English in London.(Chinese指中国人)
语法形式上一致:是指谓语动词与主语的人称和数保持一致。
一、each,another,the other,either,someone,somebody,everyone,everybody,anyone,anybody,something,anything,nothing,no one等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如:
Someone is asking for you.
二、“each/ every + 单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Each student has an English-Chinese dictionary.
三、非谓语动词(短语)、名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
To learn English well is not easy.
When and where we will hold the meeting is unknown.
四、“one and a half + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
One and a half years has passed.
五、and连接的两个单数名词,前面如有each,every,any,no等修饰时,谓语用单数形式。如:
No teacher and no student is reading.
六。 both,all,few,several,many等修饰可数名词的复数形式作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
All his friends have come.
就近原则:是指谓语的单复数形式应跟最靠近谓语动词的那个主语的单复数形式相一致。
一、“there be句型”中。如:
There is a boy and three girls in that room.
There are four deer and one bear in that zoo.
二、由“or,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…”;连接两个并列主语。如:
Either you or I am going there
“be+过去分词”这个结构既可能是被动语态,也可能是系表结构。二者形式相同,但意义不一样。被动语态表示动作,句子主语是动作的承受者;系表结构表示主语的特点或所处的状态。我们可以根据以下几点来区别这样的结构到底是被动语态,还是系表结构。
一、根据句中有无by引导的短语
被动语态中主语是动作的承受者,动作的执行者常用by引导的短语来表示。因此,如果句中有“be+过去分词+by短语”结构,通常就是被动语态。试比较:
The window was closed by my mother. (被动语态)
The window was closed. (系表结构)
二、根据句子的时态
被动语态有多种时态,可用于一般时、将来时、进行时和完成时。而系表结构只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。像下面几个句子,只能是被动语态,而不可能是系表结构。
New products are being made. 新产品正在制造中。
The book has already been translated into many languages.
这本书已被译成多种语言。
The meeting will be put off. 会议将延期。
三、根据句子状语
若“be+过去分词”结构是一般现在时或一般过去时,我们可以根据句子的状语来区别是被动语态还是系表结构。
1. “be+过去分词”结构是一般现在时,且句子中有always, usually, often等频度副词说明动作反复发生,则为被动语态。例如:
The shop is usually opened at eight.
商店通常八点钟开门。
2. 当“be+过去分词”结构是一般过去时,且句中有表示时间、地点、方式的状语,多为被动语态。例如:
The factory was built in 1980’s.
这家工厂是二十世纪八十年代建的。
四、根据谓语动词
不是所有的过去分词都可以作表语,来表示主语所处的状态。只有一部分可以这样用。常见的能这样用的过去分词有:covered, broken, married等。例如:
The glass is broken. 那个杯子坏了。
She got married. 她结婚了
▲引导状语从句的连接词
1. 引导时间状语从句的连词主要有when, while, as, by the time, before, after, since, till/ until, as soon as等。如:
When I got home, he was having supper.
2. 引导原因状语从句的连词有because, since, as, for等。如:
I missed the train because I got up late.
3. 引导结果状语从句的连词主要有so/ such...that..., so that等。如:
She is so short that she can’t reach the buttons of the lift.
4. 引导让步状语从句的连接词有though, although, even if, even though, however/ no matter how, whatever/ no matter what等。如:
Although it’s raining, they are still working in the field.
5. 引导条件状语从句的连接词有if, unless, as long as等。如:
You won’t pass the exam unless you work hard on it.
▲引导宾语从句的连接词
一般来说,宾语从句的引导词是根据从句的原句句式而定:原句是陈述句时,用引导词that;原句是一般疑问句时,引导词用if或whether;原句是特殊疑问句时,引导词用原疑问词。如:
I am glad(that)you’ve passed the exam.
I don’t know if/ whether it will rain tomorrow.
I wonder where he got so much money.
〔热点二〕对主、从句时态呼应的考查
▲状语从句的时态
以when, as soon as, before, after, until等引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句,当主句用一般将来时,从句要用一般将在时表示将来。如:
I’ll tell you as soon as he comes back tomorrow.
▲宾语从句的时态
1. 宾语从句的时态要和主句时态相呼应。当主句谓语动词是过去时态时,宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态(即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时)。如:
Li Lei told me that he was getting ready for the exam these days.
2. 若主句是现在时或将来时,宾语从句可根据情况选用恰当的时态。如:
The radio reports that it’s going to rain this afternoon.
3. 若从句表示自然现象或客观真理时,其时态常用一般现在时,而不受主句限制。如:
Yesterday Tom said that the earth goes round the sun.
〔热点三〕对复合句简化的考查
▲含有状语从句的复合句转化为简单句
so...that...引导的结果状语从句有两种情况:1)表示肯定的结果,可与“enough to”结构互换;2)表示否定的结果,它既可以与“too...to”结构互换,也可以改为“not + adj./ adv. + enough to”。如:
The room is so large that it can hold 1,000 people. →The room is large enough to hold 1,000 people.
▲含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句
1. 主句谓语动词为hope, wish, agree, decide, choose等,其后带(that)宾语从句,若主从句主语一致时,从句可以简化成不定式结构。如:
He decides that he will visit our school.→He decides to visit our school.
2. 主句的谓语动词为感官动词see, hear, watch或find等时,宾语从句常简化成“感官动词find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,此时宾语由从句的主语转化而来,而宾语补足语多为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如:
I saw that some children were playing in the park.→I saw some children playing in the park.
3. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句,当主从句主语一致时,宾语从句可简化成“疑问词+不定式”结构。如:
I don’t know how I can get there. →I don’t know how to get there.
〔热点四〕对两类从句综合起来考查
1. 从引导词看,if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,意为“是否”;充当从属连词,引导条件状语从句时,意为“如果”。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,意为“什么时候”;充当从属连词,引导时间状语从句时,意为“当……的时候”。
2. 从时态看,if和when作连接词,引导宾语从句时,宾语从句中和谓语动词的时态应根据主句的谓语动词的时态作相应的变化;if和when充当从属连词,引导表示将来动作或状态的条件状语从句或时间状语从句时,若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
1. 作主语
作主语的不定式如果很短,通常位于句首,如:To see is to believe.若不定式(短语)较长时,常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(即动词不定式)放在后面,以避免头重脚轻。常见句型为:“It”s +名词(for + sb)+ to do sth“和”It“s +形容词(for / of + sb)+ to do sth”。注意:在这个句型结构中,若形容词表示与人有关的“赞美”或“批评”时用of,如kind,nice,good,clever,bad等;否则用for.如:
It“s easy for you to answer the question.
It“s very kind of you to help me.
2. 作表语
动词不定式可以作be,seem,appear等系动词的表语。如:
Her job is to take care of these children.
3. 作状语
动词不定式放在come,go,stop等动词后作目的状语;放在sorry,glad,surprised,pleased,angry等形容词后作原因状语;动词不定式作状语表示结果时常与副词too或enough连用。注意:too…to与so…that…和(not)…enough to…可以相互转换:如:
She is so weak that she can“t move the box.
=She is too weak to move the box.
=She is not strong enough to move the box.
4. 疑问词+不定式
疑问词+不定式=名词短语,可作主语、宾语或表语。注意:名词短语可以由名词从句转换而来;疑问代词what,which,whom可以作宾语,疑问副词how,when,where,whether不能作宾语。如:
I didn“t know what I should do. = I didn”t know wheat to do.
I didn“t know how I should do it. = I didn”t know how to do it.
5. 几种不带to的动词不定式句式
had better…, Why not…? Will / Would you please…?等句型后接不带to的不定式。如:
You had better stay at home.
Why not see a doctor?
现在进行时表示某人正在做某事,它不仅有肯定式、否定式和一般疑问式,还有特殊疑问式。从陈述句变成疑问句可以从以下几个方面进行提问:
「对主语提问」
首先要看清楚句子的主语是表示人的词还是表示事物的词。如果主语是表示人的词,将该主语改为who;如果主语是表示事物的词,则改为what.例如:
①Wang Ping is playing football in the park now.
→Who is playing football in the park now?
②The horse is running fast.
→What is running fast?
「对句子的谓语提问」
现在进行时的谓语由is,am或are加动词的-ing形式构成。对句子的谓语部分进行提问,要使用疑问词 what,然后将原句的谓语动词改为 doing,最后可别忘了将原来的宾语去掉。例如:
Wang Ping is playing football in the park now.
→What is Wang Ping doing in the park now?
「对句子的宾语进行提问」
如果宾语是表示人的词,用whom提问;如果宾语是表示事物的词,用what提问,将whom或what 放在句首。例如:
①Wang Ping is playing football in the park now.
→What is Wang Ping doing in the park now?
②Tom is helping John over there.
→Whom is Tom helping over there?
「对句子的状语进行提问」
首先要弄清楚句子的状语是作什么用的。一般来说,表示时间的状语用when提问;表示地点的状语用where提问;表示做事方式的状语用how提问。例如:
①Wang Ping is playing football in the park now.
→When is Wang Ping playing football in the park?
②Wang Ping is playing football in the park now.
→Where is Wang Ping playing football now?
③They are working hard in the fields.
→How are they working in the fields?
1.先行词表示时间、地点、原因,但关系词指代先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时,应用关系代词that或which.如:
I’ll never forget 1976 that / which was full of sadness.
(作主语)
我不会忘记充满悲哀的1976年。
I regret the days (that/which) I wasted in the woods.
(作宾语)
我后悔在森林里虚度的日子。
This is the factory that/which produces cars. (作主语)
这就是那个生产小汽车的工厂。
This is the factory (that/which) he visited yesterday.
(作宾语)
这就是他昨天参观的工厂。
This is the reason that/which is unreasonable. (作主语)
这是一个没道理的理由。
This is the reason (that/which) he raised. (作宾语)
这是他提出的理由。
2. 关系副词有时相当于 “适当的介词+关系代词”。如:
① where=in/on which
This is the room where / in which he lives.
这就是他住的房间。
I can see the desk where / on which there is a book.
我能看见上面有一本书的那张桌子。
② when= on/in/at which
I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一年。
I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一天。
I still remember the date when/at which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那个日子。
③ why=for which
This is the reason why / for which he was killed.
这是他被杀害的原因。
3. 当先行词为time表示 “次数”时,常用关系词that或省去关系词,而不用when来引导定语从句。如:
This is the first/last time that I shall give you a lesson.
这是我第一次/最后一次给你们上课。
4. 当point,situation等词作先行词表抽象的地点,其后常由where引导定语从句,where在定语从句中作地点状语。
Can you think out a situation where this word can be used? 你能设想这个单词被使用的场合吗?
Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. 她的病发展到没人能治的地步
楼上的说了那么多,有些都是没用的
我提供一超好网-----真题网
我中考就是靠它的
http://www.pass-e.com/sort.php?sortid=26
相信我的吧,祝你考试成功!!!
初三英语统一学业考试中的第五大题是通过多项选择,来考核学生对英语各个语言知识点所掌握的情况和程度。学生在分析、判断所选词语的正误时,不但要从语法角度去考虑,而且要从整句逻辑、习惯说法、词语不重复、用语须礼貌等各个方面去审视。这样,才能避免往往因粗心或偏解所造成的失误。
这一大题需要注意的是:在掌握英语各个语言知识点的一般规律之外,还需要注意英语各个语言知识点的特殊规一. 冠词:
冠词用在名词的前面,有定冠词“the”与不定冠词“a;an”之分。定冠词表示“确指”,译作“这(那)个”;不定冠词表示“泛指”,译作“一个”。
例题解析:
( ) _____ lady over there is _____ university teacher.
A) A, the B) The, an C) The, a D) The, the
“over there”意为“那边的”,是后置定语,它表示前面名词“lady”(女士)是“确指”的说法,因此要加上定冠词“the”。后半句意为“一位大学教师”,是泛指的说法,因此要加上不定冠词“a”或“an”。由于“university”的读音起始于辅音“j”,因此要加定冠词“a”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) He prefers playing _____ piano to playing _____ hockey.
A) the, the B) the, / C) / , / D) / , the
“piano”意为“钢琴”,属于乐器,要求前面加定冠词“the”。后半句中“hockey”意为“曲棍球”,属于球类活动,要求不加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。
( ) Mr. Black was made _____ manager of our company.
A) / B) a C) an D) the
“manager”表示被选的职位,前面不应加任何冠词。所以本题答案应该选“A”。
此外,冠词还有许多特殊的用法:
1. 由普通名词组成的专有名词前,要加定冠词,如:the Great Wall(长城)
2. 在拼音名词前,一般不加任何冠词,如:Thomas Green;Changfeng Park
3. 在江、河、湖、海前,即使是拼音名词,也要加定冠词“the”,如:the Dongting Lake
4. 一般用“单数名词加‘a’;复数名词不加‘the’”来表示“泛指”的意思。
律。在英语中,有许多语法结构与词语搭配都是因人、因事、因地而各不相同的,因此,不能像数学公式那样去生搬硬套。对于某些有特殊规律的语言知识点,学生一定要在平时加强注意和不断积累,在这方面是没有捷径可行的。此外,在学习时还要防止只重语感、不谙其意的片面倾向。二.名词:
名词表示人或物体的名称,有普通名词(park)、专有名词(Peter;Party)、集合名词(family, class, police)、缩写名词(SARS, CEO, WTO)……等。总体上说,它们可以分成两大类;即可数名词和不可数名词。要注意它们在句中的不同要求和变化。
例题解析:
( ) His grandfather is _____.
A) Robert Bob B) Tom Black C) Kate White D) Black Green
英语中,人的姓名排列是倒过来的;先是名,即“first name”,后为姓,即“second name”,也可叫做“family name”或“surname”。做这类题目,必须先搞清楚哪个单词是表示名字,哪个单词是表示姓氏,名字还要分清男女性别。这道题中说的是“爷爷”,是男名,所以本题答案应该选“B”。
( ) _____ are playing tennis in the playground.
A) The Browns B) The Brown's C) Browns D) Brown's
英语中,姓氏前加定冠词“the”,后面加“s”,有“一家人”之意。所以本题答案应该选“A”。
( ) Be careful. There is a _____ hole in the ground.
A) two-foot-deep B) two-feet-deep C) two-foot deep D) two-feet deep
这道题目考的是复合形容词。在复合形容词中的名词应该用单数形式,在整个复合形容词中的各个单词都要用短横“–”来连接。由于它被看作为一个普通的形容词,因此,在可数名词前还要再加上冠词。此句中,“一个两英尺深的洞”应译为“a two-foot-deep hole”,所以本题答案应该选“A”。
( ) He’s got bad toothache. He’d better go to _____.
A) dentist B) the dentist C) the dentist’s D) see the dentists
“去看牙科医生”可译为“go to see the dentist”或“go to the dentist’s”。后一个词语中的“the dentist’s”表示“the dentist’s clinic”。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) The _____ teachers wondered if the _____ students were in trouble.
A) woman, boy B) woman, boys C) women, boy D) women, boys
英语中,“女教师们”应该译为“women teachers”,而“男学生们” 应该译为“boy students”。 所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) _____ came that Houston Rocket won again and Yao Ming got the most scores.
A) A news B) Message C) Word D) Words
“据说”在英语中有多种说法:“It was said that”、“Word came that”、“News came that”、“A message came that”……等。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
( ) All of a sudden, something on the ground caught _____.
A) his eye B) his eyes C) his own eyes D) eyes of his own
“catch one’s eye”是固定词组,意为“引起某人注意”;即“be noticed by sb.”。此句中,“eye”是“视线”之意,由“eyesight”演变而来。随着语言的发展,一些词语会产生演变,大致上都是朝“简单化”方向发展,如:“countryside”→“country”、“mankind”→“man”、 “campsite”→“camp”、“in the daytime”→“in the day”……等。所以本题答案应该选“A”。
( ) The lady with long _____ found her husband had already got three gray _____.
A) hair, hair B) hair, hairs C) hairs, hair D) hairs, hair
要掌握英语中哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。但是有些名词具有可数和不可数两种性质,要靠具体说法来判别。如这道题中的“hair”(头发)就是这类词。前半句说的是“一头长发”,是不可数名词;后半句说的是“三根白发”,是可数名词。所以本题答案应该选“B”。
我也推荐《完全解读》,
给你推荐一本书 《完全解读》,我一直在用,很全面的 ,保证你只要认真,英语一定ok。
眼睛痛痛~~~~~
求初一学习计划与目标
如在数学学习中有的理解力强、应用题学习好;有的善于进行口算,算得比较快,有的记忆力好,公式定义记得比较牢;有的想象力丰富,善于在图形变换中找出规律。2)分析自己的学习现状,一是和全班同学比,确定看自己成绩在班级中的位置。结合实际,确定目标。订计划时,不要脱离学习的实际,目标不能定...
新学期新目标新计划作文
开学了,新的学期,我们要有新的目标,新的计划,为最终的成功做准备,同学们,加油了,要永远相信自己,能行! 新学期新目标新计划作文3 新的学期在不知不觉中来到了我们的身旁。 新的学期开始了,这个学期对我来说是最难忘的吧,小学阶段的最后一个学期…… 新学期到了,那么大家一定会有新的打算,我的打算又是什么...
初一阶段性目标与打算
新学年新计划 新的一学期又开始了,迎着早晨的第一缕阳光,我们又重新回到美丽的校园,开始了新一学期的征途.。初一是非常重要的一年,想要提高成绩,就要制定一个学习目标,这样才能在新的学期里更上一层楼,没有目标就是没有终点,一个连自己终点,都不知在哪里的人,将如何完成这段旅程,当然这一...
新学期新目标的周记500字
目标固然重要,但行动也是很重要的。 新学期新目标的周记500字5 光阴似箭,日月如梭,愉快的暑假过去了,紧张的新学期到来了。我已经踏入了六年级的大门。 新学期,我的教室从四楼,升到了五楼,我也希望我的学习能更上一层楼。 这是小学的最后一年,明年我就要面临小升初,我一定要踏踏实实安排好学习,不虚度这一年...
初一计划作文
时间就如同白驹过隙般的流逝,前方等待着我们的是新的机遇和挑战,是时候静下心来好好写写计划了。想学习拟定计划却不知道该请教谁?以下是我收集整理的初一计划作文,仅供参考,希望能够帮助到大家。 初一计划作文1 小学的生活已经结束了,转眼间我就要迈入中学的大门,成为一名七年级新生。 与众多新生一样,我带着充满...
春节初一到初七祝福语
2、新的一年,新的开始;心的祝福,新的起点。~(≧▽≦)\/~ 3、恭贺群里的朋友:除夕您团聚香甜初一您喜庆新春初二您福贵满堂初三您福慧双增初四您大吉大利初五您满载而归初六您春风满面初七您节日快乐初八您福禄寿存初九您如意吉祥初十您万事亨通十一您一帆风顺十二您吉星高照十三您合家和乐十四您身心安康元宵您爱情甜...
关于初一升初二的演讲稿
新学期到了,那么大家一定会有新的打算,我的打算又是什么呢?其实,我的打算和别人一样,就是要在新的学期里努力学习,认真听老师讲课,上课要做好笔记,遇到问题会向老师提出疑问。不仅如此,还要经常参加各类活动,做到这些,还远远不够,我还希望自己能在学习上考出更好的成绩。我知道,要做到这些...
新目标初一英语和初二英语语法
初二上学期有过去进行时,下学期有现在完成时,语法还有反意疑问句,形容词的比较级和最高级等。学完新概念第一册,再学新目标第二册,是绰绰有余的了。新目标在网上也有相应的视频教学。
新学期的计划100字初一8篇
开学,一个新的学期;开学,一个新的旅程;开学,一个新的目标! 新学期的计划2 又是一个新学期,随着新学期的到来,我们同时迎来了艰巨的学习任务,而且我已经是一个五年级的学生了,生活作息都要有规律,所以我不得不列举出本学期的学习计划。 上学期间,学习计划如下: 早上7点钟起床,刷牙洗脸穿衣服,到7点半就搭车...
全初中新目标英语
我需要初一至初三的新目标英语的所有语法,词组与单词。能回答好的,我可以帮他加上100分~~!我2010中考,急需这些了~~~求人帮忙。如果是网校,家教,培优的广告就别说话了。我还想要... 我需要初一至初三的新目标英语的所有语法,词组与单词。能回答好的,我可以帮他加上100分~~!我2010中考,急需这些了~~~求人...
茶趴奥罗: 初一:上册:掌握一般疑问句(既有be动词形式又要掌握do助动词形式特殊 疑问句(仅需掌握be动词形式) 学会常用句型:My name is ...... what's this in English? what color is it? This is...... /Is that......? where is ......? Do you /Does he......? How ...
日喀则市18925399088: 新目标英语初中三年重点语法?
茶趴奥罗: 学习英语有诀窍:顺口溜牢记语法 There be句型用法口诀 There be句型有特点,主语放在be后边. 主语单三用is,复数主语要用are. 变否定,很简单,be后要把not添. 变问句也不难,把be提到there前. 肯定句中用some,否定疑问any换. ...
日喀则市18925399088: 初中英语新目标初一到初三所有单元重点(包括重点短语,重点句子) - ?
茶趴奥罗: 要归纳的话中考的前一个学期,应该会进行复习,放心吧! 其实你现在最重要的任务是上好每一堂英语课,记好每一次的英语笔记,多进行练习强化,复习,预习都很重要的,并非只局限于课本上的知识,那很渺小,更多的是课外读,做出来的...
日喀则市18925399088: 人教版新目标英语初一上册语法 - ?
茶趴奥罗: in front of :在物体外面的前面.in the front of :在物体里面的前面.a lot of = lots of (修饰可数与不可数名词) many :只可修饰可数名词 much :只可修饰不可数名词 be good at doing sth :擅长做某事 be good with sb :对某人好 help sb (to) ...
日喀则市18925399088: 谁有初三英语语法 要新目标的 谢谢 - ?
茶趴奥罗: 我给你说一下整个初中的语法,也就是几个.第一个被动语态:肯定句:主语+be+过去分词+(by…) 否定句:主语+be not+过去分词+(by…) 一般疑问句:Be+主语+过去分词+(by…) 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+过去分词+(by…) 被动语态...
日喀则市18925399088: 谁能帮我归纳一下(新目标)中考比较重要的词组和语法?
茶趴奥罗: 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等. WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语. 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语. ...
日喀则市18925399088: 初一到初三,所有的英语语法,句型,时态笔记 - ?
茶趴奥罗: 一般现在时、一般将来时、现在进行时、一般过去时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时. 初中的语法都不记得了,还有基数词变序数词语法,你学吗.
日喀则市18925399088: 我是一位初三的学生,但是我的英语一直不好,我希望那位好心人能给我把新目标英语初一到初三的语法汇总一?
茶趴奥罗: 其实很简单,如果你真的有决心就把课文背下来,我以前都是背的课文,不要刻意地去记单词,背课文就够了.建议你每天抽出最少15分钟,坚持27天就可以了,效果不好找我,1142713501qq
日喀则市18925399088: 新目标英语初一至初三,语法总结标明是哪册的 - ?
茶趴奥罗: 英语自主复习要点1. 复习unit1-4 词汇表所有单词.2. 复习巩固unit-4所要求背诵的3a 短文3. 复习unit1- 4教材全部内容,及重点短语.4. 将《全品学练考》所做过的课时练习及听课手册中的错题认真订错,并进行强化理解与记忆.5. 将《英语周...