madeherbedandlieonit的来源
作者&投稿：雀疤 （若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系）
缩句译法与合句译法都属于一种压缩：缩句译法是压缩原文的短句或单句，合为一个句子的组成部分（缩句为词）；合句译法是压缩原文的两个或多个句子，合为一个句子（缩句为句）。
一般情况下，我们把原文上下文中相对次要的句子紧缩成相对主要的句子的组成部分，大多数紧缩成状语，也有一部分紧缩成主语、同位语、定语等。
英译汉中的缩句译法
1、缩为主语
— 缩为主语后，根据汉语的表达习惯，一般位于句首且为主动形式。
There are many methods by which hydrogen can be prepared. 氨有多种制法。
2、缩为同位语
— 缩为同位语后，通常置于其同位成分之后，并以逗号隔开。
Her father became the mayor of the city. He was a murderer in the Second World War. 她的父亲，二次大战中的一个杀人凶手，竟当上了这个城市的市长。
3、缩为定语
— 缩为定语后，根据汉语的表达习惯，通常置于先行词之前，并用“的”连接。
She went back home to take care of her husband. He was seriously ill. 她回家去照料病重的丈夫。
They sat down in the waiting-room to do some reading. People came to and from there. 他们在人来人往的候车室里坐下来看点书。
No one has told them about the British custom of lining up for a bus so that the first person who arrives at a bus stop is the first person to get on the bus. 谁也没有跟他们说过，英国人有排队候车、先到先上的习惯。
4、缩为状语（最常用）
— 缩为状语后，根据汉语的表达习惯，通常置于句首或主语之后。多数情况下，语序与原文相同即可。
It was April 1945. The Second World War was coming to an end.1945年4月，第二次世界大战已接近尾声。
In the course of the same year，war broke out in that area. 同年，该地区爆发了战争。
5、缩为简单句
(1) 复合句压缩成简单句
— 通常有成语（俚语/俗语/谚语）运用、双重否定变肯定等方法
There is no time when the circultion of water does not take place. 水循环无处不在。
Mercury expands as it gets hotter and contracts as it cools. 水银会热胀冷缩。
It was midnight， and there was not a single soul on the street. 半夜，街上空无一人。
One “Take this” is better than two “I’ll give you”. (Spanish proverb)十赊不如一现。（西班牙谚语）
The best fishes smell when they are three days old. 久住招人嫌。
He who grasps too much holds nothing fast. 贪多必失。 （字面含义：抓得太多，什么都没抓牢。/ 样样都要，样样失掉。）
Make hay while the sun shines. 趁机行事 / 趁热打铁 （字面含义：晒草要趁阳光好，行事要趁机会好。）
You made your bed， so now you must lie on it. 自作自受 / 自食其果
Take care of the pence， and the pounds will take care of themselves. 积少成多/ 集腋成裘 （字面含义：节约便士，金镑自然会积累起来。）
Tell me who your friends are and I'll tell you who you are. 交友知其人 （字面含义：从他所交的朋友可以知道他的为人。）
(2) 并列句压缩成简单句
— 通常用两个并列词组与短语来处理
In 1844 Engels met Marx， and they became friends. 1844年，恩格斯与马克思相遇并成了朋友。
(3) 两个或两个以上的简单句压缩成一个简单句
He was very clean. His mind was open. 他为人正派而坦率。
Brown had a long discussion with him. He got nowhere. 布朗同他进行了长时间的讨论，但毫无结果。
汉译英中的缩句译法
1、缩为主语
— 缩为主语后，根据英语的表达习惯，一般位于句首，可以是主动形式，也可以是被动形式（较常用）。
你什么都不用做，只要按电钮就行了。All you have to do is to press the button.
车子慢慢地走着①，在一个泥洼子里渥住了。老孙头一面骂牲口②，一面跳下地来看。（周立波《暴风骤雨》） The lumbering cart① got stuck in the mud. Swearing at his beasts②，Old Sun jumped down to take a look. 【缩为主语①和状语②】
2、缩为同位语
— 缩为同位语后，通常置于其同位成分之后，并以逗号隔开。
他们到了杨集。这是老洪带着队伍从枣庄过来和申茂队员们会合的庄子。（知侠《铁道游击队》） They arrived at Yangji， the village where Lao Hong and his men had first met Shen Mao’s group when they came from Zaozhuang.
3、缩为定语
— 缩为定语后，根据英语的表达习惯，如为词组通常位于所修饰的主语或宾语之前，如为从句通常位于所修饰的主语或宾语（即先行词）之后（英语中的定语更常以定语从句的形式出现）。
历来野史，或讪谤君相，或贬人妻女，奸淫凶恶，不可胜数。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》第一回） The trouble is that so many romances contain slanderous anecdotes about sovereigns and ministers or cast aspersions upon other men’s wives and daughters so that they are packed with sex and violence.
七月里的一个清晨，太阳刚出来。地里，苞米和高粱叶子上，抹上了金子的颜色。（周立波《暴风骤雨》） Early one summer day， the golden rays of sunrise danbed the maize and sorghum fields in a bright yellow.
4、缩为状语
— 缩为状语后，通常根据英语的表达习惯，置于句首或句尾。多数情况下，语序与原文相同即可。较常见的情况是缩为伴随状语，也可以根据具体情况用合适的连词缩成时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较状语（从句）。
这本书使她声誉突起。这不仅是因为她是一位女作家，而是因为书中的高尚情操。The book brought her instant fame， not only because she was a woman writer， but also because of the noble sentiments in the book.
这日他比平日起得迟①，看见她已经伏在洗脸台上擦脖子，肥皂的泡沫就如大螃蟹嘴上的水泡一般，高高的堆在两个耳朵后②。（鲁迅《肥皂》） Getting up later than usual①， he saw his wife leaning over the wash-stand rubbing her neck， with bubbles like those emitted by great crabs heaps up over both her ears②.
孔乙己着了慌，伸开五指将碟子罩住，弯腰下去说道，“不多了，我已经不多了。”（鲁迅《孔乙己》） Growing flustered， he would cover the dish with his hand and bending forward from the waist would say，” There aren’t many left， not many at all.”
他在去年夏天把十九岁的女儿小福子卖给了一个军人。卖了二百块钱。（老舍《骆驼祥子》） The summer before， he had sold his nineteen-year-old daughter Joy to an army officer for two hundred silver dollars.
道静气得浑身发抖。她二话没说，立即向经理辞了职。（杨沫《青春之歌》） Quivering with anger， Daojing promptly gave notice.
卢嘉川挨近她，情不自禁地握住了她的手。这女孩的热情、大胆和奔向革命的赤诚深深感动了他。（杨沫《青春之歌》）LuJiachuan， touched by her enthusiasm， her courage and revolutionary spirit， stepped up to her and could not resist taking her hands.
黛玉又忙命倒茶，一面又使眼色与宝玉。宝玉会意，便走了出来。（曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五十二回） Daiyu ordered tea， glancing at Baoyu as she did so. Taking the hint， he went out of the room.
