什么叫宾语从句，要注意些什么

什么叫宾语从句，要注意些什么？~

名词从句、定语从句
名词从句
名词从句有四类：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。例如：
宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go.
主语从句：Where he will go is unknown.
表语从句：The problem is how we can get so much money.
同位语从句：We all feel sorry about the news that he failed in the game.
下面几点是学习名词从句要加以注意的：
1． whether和if都可以引导宾语从句表达“是否”意，（即引导宾语从句时if和whether
可以互换）但以下几种名词从句要用whether（不用if）引导：
（1） 引导主语从句，且在句首时。例：Whether he has won the tennis is not known.(但
It is not known whether/if he has won the tennis).
（2） 引导表语从句时。例The problem is whether he can get a job.
（3） 引导同位语从句时。例：I have no idea whether he will come.
（4） 介词后的whether从句。例：I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.
2． 位于句首引导主语从句的that不可忘。
例如：That he got the first place in the competition surprised all of us.
3． 在“It is suggested/proposed/ordered/a pity/no wonder/necessary/strange/…＋
that从句”结构中，that从句谓语有时用（should）do这样的虚拟语气形式。
例如：It is suggested that we(should) improve the relations between us.
It is a pity that one(should) stay in one place all one´s life.
It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings（缺点）.
4． 在“The reason why…is that…”句式中that不要误为because.
例如：The reason why he didn´t go to school yesterday is that he was ill.
5． 名词从句中that,what用法比较：
引导名词从句的that是连词，在句中无成份，无意义，而what是连接代词，what＝the
thing(s) that.
例如：It was told in yesterday´s newspaper that what the students had done was praised
by the factory.


I know that he will study.
I know what he will study.
That he works hard at his lessons is known to us all.
What he works hard at is known to us all.
All I ask is that you should tell the truth./He is not what(＝the person that)he
used to be.他和以前大不相同了。
6． where在名词从句中的使用特点：
where在名词从句中有时可以变为“the place where”,有时可以变为“介词＋the place where” 形式。例如：
主从：Where(＝The place where)she has gone is still unknown.
宾从：Would you please tell me where(＝the place where) Mr Smith lives?
表从：Your dictionary remains where(＝in/at the place where)you put.
同位从：Have you any idea where(＝of the place where) she is spending her holidays?
7． 无论是哪种名词从句都是陈述语序。例如：
I know where he lives./Please tell me what her name is.
当一个特殊疑问句本身就是陈述语序（即“主＋谓＋（宾）”或“主＋系＋表”结构），将其变为间接引语（即宾语从句）时，无需改变语序。例如：
What´s the matter with him? She asked me what was the matter with him.
Who looks after your grandfather? He asked me who looked after my grandfather.


名词从句考点分析
1．They want to know ______ do to help us. (NMET)
A. what they can B. how they can C. how can they D. what can they
析：此题要选陈述语序项，故应排除C、D。又因how they can do不完整，do后无宾
语，故也应排除，只有A项既是陈述语序，且what they can do完整正确地表达出“他
们能做些什么”这一意思，故答案为A。
2．His teacher ______ he ______ bright and ______ he was worth teaching.
A.didn’t think;was;that B.thought;was;whether
C.didn’t think;was;× D.thought;wasn´t;×
析：观察题目，可知think后跟有and连接的两个并列宾语从句，这时前一个宾语从句
的引导语that可以省略，但引导后一宾语从句的that不可省略，据此，可排除C、D
两个选项。若选B项，全句意思不通，而选择A项可表达“他的老师认为他不聪明，不
值得教”这一意思，且语法结构无误，故可定A是正确答案。
3．______ is done cannot be undone.
A.How B.That C.What D.Where
析：do一般作及物动词使用，从题干看，需选一词作主语（逻辑上是done的宾语）。
而A.How,D.Where均是副词，不能作主语，故应排除。B项that一词只能在定语从句
中作主语，不能在主语从句中作主语，也应排除。只有选what(＝the thing that),才
能正确表述“凡是做的不可不做”这一意思。


4．Take care ______ you don´t make mistakes in the coming exam.
A.of that B.about that C.for what D.that
析：take care是“注意”、“当心”意，后面可跟that引导的宾语从句来表达“当心
不要…”意思，据此，该题应选D。
5．To his surprise,the umbrella was not ______ he had put.
A.which B.where C.the place D.that
析：观察题干，was not后是表语，根据where在表语从句中相当于in/at the place where,
将其置于空白处则可表达“伞不在他当初放的地方”这一意思，而C选项缺少词，不可
选。A、D项皆不合用。
6．______ we can´t get seems better than ______ we have.
A.what;what B.what;that C.that;that D.that;what
析：此题显然是要表达“我们得不到的东西似乎比我们得到的东西好。”这一意思，即
“A seems better that B”结构，根据what＝the thing(s) that这一特点，将其置
于两空白处正好可以表达出前者比后者好这一意思，故答案为A。
7．______ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where
析：此题depends前的主语从句是一个不肯定的内容，在句首表“是否”意时，只能用
Whether,不可用If。故答案为B。
8．______ they are most interested in is ______ they can produce more and better
cars.
A.That;how B.What;how C.What;what D.That;that
析：is前面是一个主语从句，要表达“他们最感兴趣的（东西）”这一意思，只能选what
填入空白;is是表语从句，显然只有选how才能表达“如何生产更多更好的汽车”，故
答案为B。
9．He made a suggestion that the English test ______ until next Wednesday.
A.will be put off B.be put off C.will put off D.put off
析：suggestion,order,adivce等词后的同位语从句谓语要用（should）do的形式，且
该句中test与put off为被动关系，故选B。
10．I don´t think ______ he said something like that is right.
A.that B.what C.whether D.when
析：此句think后是一宾语从句，这个宾语从句的主语在is之前，它是一个被动句。
因为he said something like that已经含有主、谓、宾、状等成分，只有选不表意义，
不做成分的that才合适，故选A。


定语从句
一、 定语从句与引导词
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词，
而引导定语从句的词叫引导词，有关系代词和关系副词两类。
懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键。
1． 关系代词有：that,which,who,whom,whose,在定语从句中作主语、宾语中表语，whose
作定语。代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.例如：
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人，在定语从句中作主语)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.(whom,who,that代人，在定
语从句中作宾语，可省略)
I´m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人，在定从中作表语)
A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which
或that代物，在定从中作主语)
2． 关系副词有：when(指时间)，where(指地点),why(指原因)，在定语从句中作状语。
例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从，不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从。例如：We´ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.
(which或that在定从中作主语，where不可用主语，故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语，when不可作宾语，故不可用)

二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代
词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping´s father, who works in a factory, is an engineer./He tore up my photo, which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容，因前后两句是因果关系，此时which不可换为as。)
He is good at physics, as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all, he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容，在as is known/believed, as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)

三、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1． 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1） 当先行词既包括人又包括物时：He talked about the men and the books that attracted
him.
2） 指物的先行词被any, every, only, very, all, no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./That´s the only watch that I like most.
3） 指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.
4） 先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?
5） 先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?
2． 不用that的场合如下：
1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long
March .
2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.


四、“介词＋关系代词”用法
1． 介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配，例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)
2． 介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配），例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)
3． 当关系代词作“动词＋介词”固定短语的宾语时，此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前。例如：This is the watch which you´re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.

五、几个名词后的引导词
1. situation后常用where,in which引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in
which you can use the word?
2. way(方式，方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句，也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?
3. “the same＋名词”，“such＋名词”，“as＋名词”后通常用as引导定语从句。
例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have)./Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.


定语从句考点分析
1． The best work ______ Luxun wrote and ______ I have read has been made into a film.
A.which;that B.that;× C.×;that D.×;×
析：如果两个定语从句并列，关系代词作宾语时前一句的可以省略，但后一句的不可省略，故应选C。
2． It was in 1969 ______ two Americans got to the moon by space ship.
It was 1969 ______ two Amerians got to the moon by space ship.
A.when B.which C.that D.×
析：第一句是强调时间in 1969,强调结构是“It was＋强调部分＋that句”，故应选C。第二句It是表时间的，先行词1969在从句中作状语，故选A。
3． Is this the house ______ Shakespeare was born?
A.at which B.which C.in which D.at where
析：观察题目，空白处只有填in which或where才能表达“这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗？”这一意思，故答案为C。
4． Is this house ______ Shakespeare was born?
A.where B.which C.in which D.at which
析：将此句变为陈述句；This house is ______ Shakespeare was born.显然is后是一表语从句，只有选where(＝the place where)才能表达“这是莎士比亚的出生地”这一意思，故答案为A。
5． In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for
help.
A.to whom B.of whom C.from whom D.that
析：“介词＋关系代词”要考虑短语搭配或与先行搭配，这道题短语turn to有关，故
应选A。
6． The two things ______ they felt very proud were Jim´s gold watch and Della´s
hair.
A．about which B.of which C.in which D.for which
析：涉及be/feel proud of短语，故答案为B。
7． Have you ever asked him the reason ______ may explain his being late.
A.why B.that C.for which D.what
析：此题易误选A、C，因为先行词是the reason,但细观察分析，定语从句缺少主语，所以答案是B。注意what不能引导定语从句。
8． Farming is difficult ______ there is no rain.
A.where B.in place C.that D.the place where
析：因为difficult是形容词，故其后不是定语从句。这儿的空白处应填引导状语从句where(＝in the place where),全句表达“在没有雨水的地方耕种困难”。这一意思，可见答案为A。
9． We need the same machine ______ in your factory.
A.which is being used B.as is being used
C.that is being used D.as it is being used
析：根据“the same＋先行词”后跟as引导定语从句的原则，可知答案为B。
10．______ the people,not things ______ are most important.
A.There are;who B.Those are;that C.It is;that D.It was;who
析：仔细观察分析题目，可知只有C构成强调句才有成立。当我们要检验视其为强调
句的判断是否正确时，只要将“It is (或was)…that”这三个词去掉，剩下部分读
起来正确无误，则证明判断是正确的，反之是错误的。此题如不填“It is…that”
三词，句子是The people,not things are most important.语义完整正确，说明选
C是对的。

宾语从句是一个句子作另一个句子的宾语。注意宾语从句以下两点内容。

1． 主句中的谓语动词必须是及物动词。如果不是，和介词搭配成动词词组，构成及物动词的形式。

2． 从句有三种形式：

A陈述句，B一般疑问句，（特殊疑问句）。

一、主句是一般现在时，从句可用任何时态

根椐主句中的谓语动词，决定从句动作发生主句前后关系，所用时态。

1．I think that she will finish reading that book in two days.

我想她两天后看完那本书。

2. She knows he got here two weeks ago.

她知道他两个星期前到这儿。

3. I hear that Lucy goes to school by every day.

我听说露西每天骑自行车上学。

二、主句是过去式时，从句必须用过去时的形式

1．一般过去式

He told me that Jim returned his book to him last Sunday.

他告诉我吉姆上星期天把他的书还给他了。

2． 过去进行时

She said she was writing to her friend at this time yesterday.

她说她昨天这时候正在给她的朋友写信。

3． 过去将来时

He asked when they would leave the next week.

他问他们下个星期什么时候出发。

4． 过去完成时

She said she had known him since two years ago.

她说她自从两年前就认识他。

5．如从句是客观真理时，用一般现在时

She told us the earth moves around the sun.

她告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。

The teacher said Japan is the east of China.

老师讲日本位于中国的东部。

三、宾语从句三种形式

1．陈述句，前用引导词that，但经常省略

（1）I hear (that) he will help you with your French.

我听说他将帮忙你的法语。

（2）Lily knew (that)Tom had gone to London by air.

莉莉知道汤姆坐飞机去伦敦了。

2． 从句是一般疑问时，前用if或whether

（1）He asked if she liked swimming.

他问她是否喜欢游泳。

（2）He asked me whether Mike came to school by bike or on foot.

他问我迈克骑自行车还是步行去学校。

（3）She asked whether Jim left the message or not when he left.

她问当吉姆离开时是否留条没有。

（4）The old woman depends on whether her daughter lives.

那位老太太是否依靠她女儿生活。

注：A．一般疑问句if和whether可以互换。

B．引导从句时，问题不明确，并得到对方肯定答复。常or与or not或连用。

C．主句动词是由介词构成及物动词形式，后跟着从句时，用whether.

3．从句是特殊疑问句

A．特殊疑问词不是作主语，疑问词放在句首，其它部分按陈述句语序。

B．如特殊疑问词作主语，语序不用动。

1．She doesn’t know who he has borrowed a maths book from.

她不知道他从谁那借了一本数学书。

2．Do you know what he did with that thing?

他知道他怎样处理那件事的吗？

3．Could you tell me who can look after her?

你能告诉我谁能照顾她吗？

注：A．主句是一般疑问，句尾用问号、用升调。

B．主句不是一般疑问句，句尾用句号，用降调。

四、“在be形容词glad, sorry, sure, surprised等”后跟that引导的从句。意思上看起来是宾语从句，实际上引导的是原因状语从句，说明主句的原因

1．I’m glad that you come to see me.

你来看我，我很高兴。

2．I’m sorry that everything hasn’t gone very well.

很抱歉一切事情进行很不顺利。

3．I’m sure that he will mind you taking it away.

我敢肯定你把它拿走他会介意的。

五、一般疑问句主要有think, believe, suppose, don’t you know这类词时。在句中主句的主谓结构是插入语，从句的疑问词是在主句前

1．Who do you think is looking for you ?

你认为谁正在找你呢？

2．When don’t you know we’ll have meeting?

你不知道我们什么时候开会吗？

3．Whom do you believe she can come with?

你相信她能和谁来呢？

六、动词think, believe, suppose, expect等，否定时，到从句翻译，叫转意否定。

1．I don’t think she can lend it to the others, can she?

我想她不会把它借给其他人，是吗？

2．I don’t believe everyone has done his homework, have they?

我相信大家不没有做作业，是吗？

注：转意否定时，反意疑问句看从句部分。

七、宾衙从句与简单句形式

1． 从句与宾补形式

（1）I heard she was singing in the next room just now.

I heard her singing in the next room just now.

刚才我听到她在隔房间唱歌。

注：现在分词作宾补时，强调动作正在进行。

（2）I saw he ran out with a football.

I saw him run out with a football.

我看到他拿一个足球跑了出去。

注：A．动词不定式作宾补时，表示动作的过程。

B．如有let, help, make, see, watch, hear, feel等词作谓语时，动词作宾补时省略to。

2．从句和动词不定式短语

动词不定式短语是由“疑问词+不定式”在句子中作宾语。

（1）She knows how she can look up this word“use”

她知道她怎样能查到“use”这个单词。

She knows how to look up this word“use”

她知道怎样能查到“use”这个单词。

（2）Could you tell me what I should do for him?

你能告诉我我应该为他做些什么吗？

Could you tell me what to do for him?

你能告诉我为他做些什么吗？

3．从句与动名词

从句的动词发生在主句的动作之前。在简单句中用动名词形式，因动名词表示发生过的动作。

（1）I remembered I had returned the book to him.

我记得我把书还他了。

I remembered returning the book to him.

我记得把书还给他了。

（2）She forgot that she had lent her pen to me.

她忘了她把她的钢笔借给我了。

She forgot lending her pen to me.

她忘了把她的钢笔借给我了。

1.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语,从句放在主句之后,前后不用逗号分开.
2.引导宾语从句的词有：
连词that(在口语中that常可省略),if,whether,如：
He knows that Jim will work hard.
连接代词who,whom,which等,如：
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
连接副词when,where,how,why等,如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station?
3.whether和if都有“是否”的意思,一般情况下两者可以换用,但在介词之后,
不定式之前,与or
not连用,在句首或在引导表语从句,同位语从句时,只能用whether,如：I want to know if/whether the
news is true.He doesn't know whether to stay or not?
4.宾语从句要用陈述句语序.
5.宾语从句一定要注意时态呼应,即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时,从句中谓语动
词也要用过去范畴的时态,但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时,如：
He asked who could answer the question.
My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.
6.一个宾语从句只能用一个连词.
7.当主句谓语动词是think,believe等动词时,宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中.另外,当主句主语为第一人称时,后面若接附加疑问句,那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致.如：
I don't think he looks like his father,does he?
8.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句,直接引语是引述别人的原话,放在引号内,
不用连词联接；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,通常用连接词与主句联接.
(1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句,如：
He said,“I'm happy.”[FY()[FY]]He said that he was happy.
(2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句,如：
He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green?”
---He asked me if his father knew Mr Green.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由who,what,where,how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句,如：
He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang?”
---He asked me where Mr Wang was.
注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化.

---

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