情态动词+ have done的用法？
作者&投稿：钊波 （若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系）
动词 + 动词完成式即“情态动词 + have + done”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。这个结构是近几年高考情态动词的重点和难点。
一、在虚拟语气中的用法
1. should have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构 shouldn't have done 表示 “过去本不该做某事却做了。”
2. ought to have done 表示“过去本应该做某事却未做。”其否定结构 oughtn't to have done 表示 “过去本不该做某事却做了。”
3. need have done 表示“过去本有必要做某事却未做。”其否定结构 needn't have done 表示 “过去本没必要做某事却做了。”
4. could (不能用 can) have done 表示“过去本能够做某事却未做。”注意：其否定形式 couldn't have done 没有虚拟语气的用法，couldn't have done 只能表推测，相当于 can't have done，意为：“过去不可能做了某事。”
5. might (不能用 may) have done 表示“过去本可以做某事却未做。” 注意：其否定形式 might not have done 没有虚拟语气的用法，might not have done 只能表推测，相当于 may not have done，意为：“过去可能没有做某事。”
二、表推测的用法
1. must have done
表示对过去某事的肯定猜测，译为：过去肯定做了某事。不存在 mustn't have done 的形式。其否定或疑问形式须用 can(could) 来表示. 例如：
Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night. 既然路是湿的，那昨天晚上肯定下雨了。
He can't have missed the way. I drew him a map. 他不可能迷路。我（当时）给他画了张图。
“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?” 词典不见了，（过去）谁可能把它拿走了？
2. may / might have done
may / might have done 表示“过去可能做了某事”。may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。may/might not have done表示“过去可能没有做某事。”例如：
I can't find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday. 我找不到我的钥匙了。我可能昨天把他们落在学校了。
John may/might not have passed the exam; he looks very sad.约翰可能没有通过考试。他看起来很忧伤。
注意：may/might have done表推测不能用于疑问句中。
3. can/could have done 表推测一般用在否定句和疑问句中，表示不相信或怀疑的态度。
Can/Could he have passed the exam?他可能通过了考试吗？
I think that he couldn’t/can't have gone abroad. I saw him just now.我认为他不可能出国了。我刚才还看见他了。
注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must 最大，could 其次，may 更次之，might 最小。例如：
“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.” “我想知道汤姆是怎么知道你的过去的。”
“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.” “他肯定/很可能/可能/兴许（没准儿）已从玛丽那儿听说此事了。”
三、高考例析
1. Sorry I'm late. I ________ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. （2000 北京春季）
A. might B. should C. can D. will
答案为 A。表推测的用法。句意：对不起，我迟到了。我（当时）兴许是关了闹钟又回去睡觉了。might 相当于 may, 但语气更加不肯定。
2. I was really anxious about you. You_________ home without a word. （01 全国）
A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave
答案为 B。虚拟语气用法。句意：我（那时）真地很担心你。你本不应该不留个话就离开家。
3. — I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
— You________ her last week. （04 福建）
A．ought to tell B．would have told C．must tell D．should have told
答案为 D。虚拟语气用法。句意：---我明天要告诉她我的新工作的情况。 ---你本应该上周告诉她。
4. — Tom graduated from college at a very young age.
— Oh, he ______ have been a very smart boy then. （04 全国IV）
A. could B. should C. might D. must
答案为 D。表推测的用法。句意：——汤姆很年轻的时候就大学毕业了。——哦，他肯定是一个很聪明的男孩儿。
5. He _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn't be enjoying himself by the seaside. (05 北京卷)
A. should B. must C. wouldn't D. can't
答案为 B。用法同4题。句意：他肯定做完了工作，不然他就不会在海边痛快地玩儿了。
6. — Do you know where David is? I couldn't find him anywhere.
— Well. He have gone far—his coat's still here. （05湖北卷）
A．shouldn't B．mustn't C．can't D．wouldn't
答案为 C。表推测的用法。句意：—你知道大卫在哪儿吗？我哪儿也找不到他。—瞧，他不可能走远—他的上衣还在这儿呢。can't 相当与 couldn't，但后者语气更加委婉。
四、练习
1. — The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.
— Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties! (05 江苏卷)
A. may go through B. might go through
C. ought to have gone through D. must have gone through
2. I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere. （05 北京春季）
A. must drop B. must have dropped
C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped
3. Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn't show up. （04 广西）
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
4. He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. （05 山东卷）
A. could B. would C. must D. need
5. — Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?
— Something ________ to him. (05 江西卷)
A．must happen B．should have happened
C．could have happened D．must have happened
6. I _______ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05 天津卷）
A. shouldn't B. couldn't C. mustn't D. needn't
7. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it. （05 辽宁卷）
A．should put B．could have put C．might put D．must have put
Key: D B A A D B D
查雄小儿： 情态动词后面加have done的情况有两种,一种是,在should,could,need+have done,表示应该做什么,却没有做;能够做什么,却没有做;需要做什么,却没有做的意思.另一种must,should,can,may,might+have done表示对过去的推断,一定做过什么,应该做过什么,能够做什么,也学做过什么
青县18931521198： 情态动词+have done 用法及意义？
查雄小儿： must have done 一定做了某事(对过去的一种肯定推测) need have done 本需要做某事(但实际没做)(表轻微的责备) daren't have done = didn't dare do (过去)不敢做某事 could never have done不可能做了某事(对过去的一种否定推测) could have done 本可以做某事(但实际没做) (表轻微的责备)
青县18931521198： 简单总结一下情态动词+have done的用法 - ？
查雄小儿： 一、“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句.如: It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 二、“can / could + have + 过...
青县18931521198： 情态动词+have+done 的详细用法? - ？
查雄小儿：[答案] must have done.你肯定做过什么什么事情.(表示推测). should have done.你应该已经把什么事情给做了(实际上没做,这是说话的人的指责). might have done.你可能已经做过什么事情了. 具体你查一下语法字典啊 如果你学 情态动词+have+done ...
青县18931521198： 简单总结一下情态动词+have done的用法1.虚拟语气(本应……而没有……)2.表推测将各个“情态动词+have done＂结构列入以上两类 - ？
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青县18931521198： 情态动词+have done的意义有哪些? - ？
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青县18931521198： 情态动词+have done 用法及意义must have done need have done daren't have donecould never have done could have done - ？
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青县18931521198： 情态动词+have done 的意思和用法,还有他们否定式的意思和用法. - ？
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