高中英语 定语关系词先行词
1) that(which)
2) who
3) whose
4) that
5) whose
请参考!
定语从句中关系代词的选用主要由先行词决定。当先行词是表示人的名词或代词时,关系代词一般用who , that , whom;当先行词是表示事物的名词或代词时,关系代词一般用that , which;当先行词既有表示事物的名词或代词,又有表示人的名词或代词时,关系代词一般用that 。具体分诉如下:
1、关系代词who的用法:who“谁”,用来表示人,在定语从句中作主语。这里的who一般可以用that来替换。
2、关系代词that的用法:that 的具体意思由先行词的意思决定,它可以表示人,也可以表示物。作主语表示人时,that和who一般可以互换;作宾语表示人时,that和 whom一般可以互换;作主语、宾语表示物时,that 和which一般可以互换,而且都可以省略。
1、先行词指人时,引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that;当其充当宾语时用whom或that,在非正式宾语中也可用who,也可省略。
a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.
b 句可改为:The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.
2、先行词指物时,引导词用that或which
a.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.
3、先行词指时间时,引导词用When/on which或in which
a.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.
b.I'll never forget the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.
4、先行词指地点时,引导词用Where或in which
This is the house where/in which we lived last year.
或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.
5、whose在定语从句中作定语时,可用来指人,也可以用来指物,如:
a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago.
b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成:
This is the house the windoues of which were broken.
6、先行词表示原因时,引导词用why,如:
The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.
1)"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说,关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。 例如:They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations (先行词)where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。(本句中的关系词where = 先行词(in)situations 。 如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句,那就是:They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations people normally would not be afraid in situations 由此可以看出,"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系)。 又例如:Rude people are those (先行词) whose (关系词)behavior shows little respect for the rules(先行词) that(关系词) the majority follows .不讲礼貌的人是指那些,他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。 由此我们还可以看出,"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。否则,"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。)
2)"先行词"的意义决定"关系词"的选择"关系词"的选择往往是由"先行词"自身表达的意义,以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。
3)这个意思就是说,假如"先行词"自身表达的意义是表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义",那么我们就相应地选择表示"人的意义"或是"物的意义"的"先行词"。"先行词" 在从句中的语法功能也是决定"关系词"选择的重要条件。 比如说,同样都是表示"人的意义"的"先行词",如果它在从句中作主语,"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的主格形式,如果它在从句中作定语,"关系词"就得用表示"人的意义"的所有格形式。 另外,有时"先行词"本身是表示事物的名词,而它在从句中却与介词构成了短语,在从句中充当状语,在这种情况下,我们就应该用"关系副词"而不能用"关系代词"了。 例如:Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields . 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。
In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。
There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .有许多声音有意义但不是词。
Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class . 如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句,那就是:tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom )告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。
回答如下:
关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。它有两种:关系副词(where,when,why, that)和关系代词(which, that, who, whom, whose,as)。关系代词在定语从句中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语;关系副词用作(时间、原因、地点)状语。如:
I will never forget the day when(关系副词) you rescued me.
That is the reason why (关系副词) he is late.
This is where (关系副词) I work.
This is the man who/ whom (关系代词) you asked for.
先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词叫先行词。如:This is the book(先行词) which(关系代词) you want to borrow.
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