英语中什么是定语，怎么用，哪些可以用，有什么注意事项？

定语从句的用法和注意事项~

定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。2. 关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任．
定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句．
2 定语
编辑本段（一） 限定性定语从句
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样.
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
编辑本段（二）非限定性定语从句
非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的，例如：
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. 查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数，例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
4. 有时as也可用作关系代词
5. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用关系副词why和关系代词that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.；
编辑本段（三）关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人，在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.
如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
编辑本段（四）注意
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时
从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
编辑本段（五）关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
编辑本段（六）判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题，再显示答案，横线；用不同的颜色表示出。）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one答案：
例1 D，例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)；
先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语) 。
编辑本段（七）介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3） 某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。 This is the house in which I lived two years ago.
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
This is the reason why he came late.
This is the reason for which he came late.
编辑本段（八）先行词和关系词二合一
1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here. (Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替)
编辑本段（九）as,which引导的非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
典型例题
1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案C. 此为非限定性从句，不能用 that修饰，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
答案B。
which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案B.
as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：
(1） as 引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。
(2） as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。
在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
As 的用法例
1. the same… as；such…as 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和……一样……。
I have got into the same trouble as he (has).
例2. as可引导非限制性从句，常带有'正如'。
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As is knew, smoking is harmful to one's health.
As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语；
例2中，它充当从句的主语，谓语动词know要用被动式。
编辑本段（十）关系代词that 的用法
(1)不用that的情况
(a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。
(错)The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.
(b) 介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
(a) 在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。
(b) 在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。
(c) 先行词有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修饰时，只用that。
(d) 先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.
(e) 先行词既有人，又有物时。
(f) 先行词指物，在主句中作表语时．
(g) 为了避免重复．
(h)先行词是the way时
举例：
Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?
这是你在图书馆借的那本书吗？
Who that break the window should be punished．
谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚．
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
所需的只是供油问题。
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。
编辑本段（十一）难点分析
（一）限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1．当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
（二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：
1．As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时，常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意：当先行词由the same修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding.
她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
(三）以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。
(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1) There are very few but understand his idea.
( but= who don’t )
(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句
1．定语从句修饰先行词，它和先行词是修饰关系；
同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，是补充说明的关系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位语从句
2．定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导，关系词在句中充当成分，有时可以省略；
同位语从句主要由that引导，在句中一般不做成分；
句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导，充当成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子，而定语从句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
18. 定语从句
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有： when, where, why等。
18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
〔定语从句〕介词+关系词
1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。
2）that前不能有介词。
3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如：
This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？
Do you remember the day when you joined our club？


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定语从句 （一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导


1、关系代词：who,whom,whose,which,that,as


2、关系副词：when,where,why



P.S ：关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。


e.g.She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）


The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）


3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：



1）当先行词为人时用who作主语，whom作宾语；


2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which，可作主语或宾语；


3）先行词为人、物时用that，可作主语或宾语；


4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；



5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。


（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句



1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。


e.g.I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）


2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。


e.g.Tom’s father,who is over sixty,still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）


（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题



1、that与which的区别。



1）用that而不用which的情况：



①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,…；


②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；



③先行词有only,very,any等词修饰；



④先行词既有人又有物时。



e.g.There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it.没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。


The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。


This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。


Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。




2）用which而不用that的情况：



①引导非限制性定语从句；



②代表整个主句的意思；



③介词+关系代词。



e.g.He had failed in the maths exam,which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。


This is the room in which my father lived last year.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。


3）as引导定语从句时的用法



①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。


e.g.I want the same shirt as myfriend’s.我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。


Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。


②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：


as is known to all,as is said,as is reported,


as is announced,as we all know,as I expect等。


e.g.As I expected,he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。


3）as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别



①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g.He made along speech,as we expected.


He made along speech,which was unexpected.


②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。


e.g.Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesn’t like at all.


2.关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g.The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently.住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。 The students who are in GradeThree are going to climb the hill tomorrow.


3.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g.There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.


4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。


e.g.October 1,1949 was the day on which(=when)the People’s Republic of China was founded.


5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。


e.g.The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.


6.介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which,that,whom,口语中也可用who，且可省略。


e.g.The man(whom/who/that)you were talking about has come to school.

一、什么是状语从句？

用一个句子（从句）来作另一个句子（主句）的状语，用作状语的句子就叫作状语从句。作什么样的状语就叫什么类型的状语从句。例如：条件状语从句就是用一个句子来作条件状语。

二、状语从句的分类。

（1）时间状语从句用法要点

凡是从句都必须有引导词，引导时间状语从句的词有when，before，after，until，as soon as，while 等，具体用法如下：

1. when 意为“当……时”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。例如：

I feel very happy when you come to see me. 你（们）来看我时，我感到很高兴。

When you are crossing the street，you must be careful. 你（们）过街道时，一定要小心。

when引导的时间状语从句，when的从句可以用延续性动词，也可以用点动词。eg.

He was working at the table when I went in. 当我进去的时候，他正在桌旁工作。

Someone knocked at the door when I was sleeping. 当我正在睡觉时，有人敲门。

I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有空儿时，我将去看望我的好友。

I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 当我在上海时，我为一家外国企业工作。

注：when也可以作并列连词，表示一个动词正在进行的时候，突然间发生了另外一件事。eg.

I was fishing by the river，when someone called for help.

我正在河边钓鱼，就在那时有人求救。

We were working in the chemistry lab，when the lights went out.

我们正在化学实验室工作，突然灯都熄灭了。

2. before 意为“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。例如：

We cleaned the classroom before we left school yesterday.昨天离开学校之前，我们打扫了教室。

He had been a cook before he went to college . 他上大学前曾当过厨师。

after 意为“在……之后”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。例如：

After you use plastic bags，you mustn't throw them about. 你（们）用过了塑料袋之后，不准到处乱扔。

He called me after he had finished his work. 他在工作完之后给我打了个电话。

注：若主句和从句两个动作发生的先后顺序十分接近，那么也可以不用完成时态，例如上面的第二句可改成：He called me after he finished his work.

3. since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。eg.

We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭起，我们已经包了许多饺子了。

We haven't seen each other since we parted . 我们自从分手以后一直没见过面。

注：常用句型：It is +时间段+since从句 译为：自从……有多长时间了。eg.

It is six years since she graduated from the university. 自从她大学毕业已有六年的时间了。

4. until 意为“直到……时”，引导时间状语从句时，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。

当主句的谓语动词是持续性动词时，主句常用肯定形式；当主句的谓语动词是非持续性动词时，从句常用否定形式，not…until… 意为“直到……才……”，这时的until可以用before 来替换。例如：

I'll stay here until you come back. 我会呆在这里，直到你回来。（stay表示的动作可以持续）

He didn't go to bed until he finished his homework.他直到做完作业才睡觉。（go to bed 表示的动作不能持续）

5. as soon as 意为“一……就……”，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。例如：

I'll tell him about it as soon as he comes back.他一回来我就告诉他这件事。

6. while引导的时间状语从句，常译为“与……同时，在……期间”，while的从句中常用延续性动词或表示状态的词。eg.

They rushed in while we were discussing problems. 当我们正在讨论问题时，他们冲了进来。

Father was cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在打电子游戏时，爸爸正在清洗汽车。

注：while也可以作并列连词，表转折的关系，相当于but，译为“然而”。eg.

I like listening to music，while my brother likes doing sports. 我喜欢听音乐，而我的兄弟爱好运动。

7. till和until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到……为止”，not … till / until引导的时间状语从句，译为“直到……才”。前者强调主句动作的结束，用延续性动词，后者强调主句动作的开始，用点动词。eg.

I will wait for my friend until / till he comes. 我要一直等到我朋友来。

We won't start our discussion until / till he comes.

我们要等到他来了，再开始我们的讨论。

（2）条件状语从句用法要点

我们主要看一下由if引导的条件状语从句。if 意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句时，表示假如有从句的动作发生就（不）会有主句的动作发生。例如：

If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。

If I get there early，I can see the doctor quickly.如果我早早地到那里，我就可以快点看病。

（3）地点状语从句用法要点

常用where（哪里）和wherever（无论哪里）eg.

Where there is a will，there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。

We will go wherever the motherland need us most. 我们要到祖国最需要的地方去。

（4）原因状语从句用法要点

常用的引导连词有because，as和since，三者的区别是：在回答问题的时候，使用because；对于显而易见的原因，常用as或since；as和since的从句常放在主句之前，而because的从句常放在主句之后。eg.

Why did you go？ I went because Tom told me to go. 你为何去？那是因为汤姆叫我去。

He was angry not because we were late but because we made a noise.

他很生气不是因为我们来迟了，而是因为我们弄出了声音。

As it was raining hard，we had to be indoors. 由于雨太大，我们只好呆在家里。

Since you feel ill，you'd better not go to work. 既然你感觉不舒服，你最好不要去上班了。

（5）目的状语从句用法要点

常用的引导连词有so that，that和in order that译为：以便，为了，目的是。eg.

Please speak more slowly so that we can make full notes. 请讲慢一点，以便我们能作详细笔记。

I shall write down your address that I may not forget. 我要把你的地址记下来，以免忘记。

I sent the letter by air mail in order that it might reach him in time. 这封信我以航空信发出，以便他能及时收到。

注：目的状语从句可以用动词不定式来替换做目的状语。eg.

We work harder than usual finish it in a week. 我们比平常加倍努力工作以在一周内完成工作。

三、主句与从句时态一致的问题。

在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分下列两种情况：

1. 若主句是祈使句，或主句中有情态动词，或主句中谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。例如：

Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。

Put up your hand if you have any questions to ask. 如果你们有问题要问的话，请举手。

The traffic must stop when the lights are red. 红灯亮时，车辆必须停下。

2. 若主从句谓语动词都是陈述过去，那么主从句都可以用一般过去时。例如：

She could sing when she was four years old. 她四岁的时候就会唱歌。 总之是定从这块的知识

英语中的定语是用来说明名词的品质与特征的

词或一个词组。可以用作定语的有形容词、名

词、代词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分

词、介词短语、从句和句子。

She is a natural musician.

她是一位天生的音乐家 。（形容词 ）

Her promise to write was forgotten.

她忘记了答应写信的事。（不定式 ）

He is talking to a girl resembling Joan.

他在和一个貌似琼妮的姑娘谈话。（现在分词

短语）

Your car , which I notice outside has been

hit by another one.（ 非限制定语从句）

我在外面看到你的车了，它给另一辆车撞了。

修饰名词或者代词的成分叫做定语，定语多放在名词之前，也有放在名词之后的。能做定语的有1，名词，如That’s a paper tiger. 2, 形容词，如He is a nice man. 3, 代词，如 Many men work. 4, 分词（短语），如 The man standing there is my father. 5, 不定式（短语 ），如 I have nothing to say. 6, 动名词，如 There is a swimming pool in our school. 7, 定语从句，如：The girl who works very hard is sure to succeed. 8, 副词，如 People here believe in him.
注意事项：单个词作定语放在前面，多个词作定语放在后面。

修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的状态，性质，数量。一个单词作定语放在它所修饰的名词之前，叫前置定语。短语或从句做定语是放在它所修饰的名词之后，叫后置定语。可作定语的有形容词，代词，数词，名词，副词，分词，介词短语。不定式和短语，动名词和短语，以及从句。

定语就是在句子中起修饰限定作用，形容词比较多，可以翻译成汉语的，的，名词，代词，数词，介词短语，分词，短语，都可以做定语，good boy,five books, my bag ,,

形容词一般充当定语 当然像是现在分词和过去分词也可以
定语只能用来修饰名词
当用现在分词做定语的时候一般表示伴随或者主观上
当用过去分词做定语的时候一般表示已经发生过或者被动意义
（纯手打 望采纳）

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