并列结构的语法结构
用and表示并列,一般要选用相同词性的词,最好词语的个数也一致。
可以考虑改为 I must improve my skills of writing, reasoning and problem solving.
释义:如果两句话所传递的信息在重要性上差不多是相等的,就可以把它们一前一后地排列起来,或者用并列连词把它们连接起来,称为并列结构。并列结构可以是词的并列,可以是词组的并列,也可以是分句的并列。并列结构既可以是双项并列,也可以是多项并列。
例句:while Jim was sleeping,Tom was doing his homework.
解析:在上述第一个复杂句中,说话人把jim was sleeping放在主导的地位,而在第二个复杂句中,则是把Tom was doing his homework放在主导的地位。这样一来,原来的两句句话在语义上便有主次之分了。由此可见,并列与从属是在表意中权衡轻重,调节说话口气的语法手段之一。
解析:
英语中由并列连词连接俩个或多个短语在句子里做并列主语、并列谓语、并列宾语、并列表语、并列状语等;或是由并列连词连接简单句构成并列句。常见的并列连词有and、but、:not…but、while、or、or else, either…or、so、not only...but also、whether...or、as well as、both…and。
and表示前后成分是并列关系,表达的意思一致,积极的或是消极的;好的或是坏的。如:
She and I disagree about it . (并列主语)
关于这一点,我和她意见不同。
He saw you and me. (并列宾语)
他看见你和我了。
With this he got up and went out. (并列谓语)
他说着就站起来走出去了。
Everyone should keep discipline and you are no exception. (俩个并列句)
每个人都应该遵守纪律, 你也毫无例外。
If you can use a word correctly and effectively, you comprehend it. (并列状语)
你如果能正确和有效地使用一个字, 你就了解它了。
not only...but also也表示前后的并列关系,表达意义一致。如:
Not only is he a scientist, but he is also a fighter.他不但是位科学家而且还是名战士。
Not only Mr. Lin but also his son joined the Party. (并列主语)
林先生和他儿子都加入了中国共产党。
The quality difference of urban land is known not only in a city. but also between the cities. (并列状语)
城镇土地质量差异不仅存在于城镇内部。
or表示前后选择关系。如:
Are you against it or for it? (并列表语)
你对此事是反对呢还是赞成?
The world exists, whether you like it or not. (并列谓语)
不管你喜欢与否,这个世界照样存在。
Work hard or you will fail the exam. (并列句子)
努力学习要不然你考试就会失败。
either…or, neither…nor, not …nor等表示选择关系。注意:他们连接主语时,谓语动词也依据就近原则。
Either my father or my brothers are coming.不是我父亲就是我兄弟要来。
Neither you nor I am wrong.你和我都没错。
for,so表示因果关系。如:
I apologized to her , for I had wrongedher.我向她道歉了,因为我错怪了她。
It was late, so we went home.天晚了, 所以我们就回家去了。
英语的并列连词就结构形式来说分为单词并列连词(SINGLE-WORD C00RDINATOR),如and,or but:nor yet so; 关联并列连词(CORRELATIVE C00RDINATOR),如both…and,not only…but(also),either...or,neither…nor,not…but等。此外还有连词for是介乎并列连河和从属连词之间的,本书把它也放在并列连词中处理。
从语义上划分,英语的并列连词义可分为表示语义增进的并列表示因果的并列连词。
I.表示语义增进的并列连词
表示语义增进的并列连词以and为代表,not only..but(aIso),nor,neither..nor等。
语义增进是连词and所表示的主要意义。
He bought a table and two chairs.
I am interested jn chemitry(化学)and in mathematics(数学)。 John did the work,and he did it wel (约翰做了这件事.而且 做得好。)
You doubt his capacity,and with reson (你怀疑他的能力, 而 且有理由怀疑、)
表示语义增进,and有时还可出现了句首,这主要用于非正式语体。
例如:
Well he doesn't have a fever .And his pulse is fine.
Just a litt[e cold,Chartie,say the doctorBetter stay inside
today, Charlie.And take it easy.
Did you serve in either or my last two campaigns?
除表尔语义增进,连词and还可用于其他意义。比如表示对比和转折: He was city-bred(在城里长大的),and she was country-bred(在 乡间氏大的)-She was rough(粗鲁),and he was gentle(文雅). He is Jack of a11 trades and masterr of none. (他样样刽5会, 门 门不箱。)
There is all talk and no action. (尽是空谈,没有行动.)
He is so rich and lives like a beggar (他北常富有,而生活却象乞丐一般。)
又例如麦不条件:
Tell him anything,and he just looks at you blankly
(=If you tell him anything,he just looks at you bIankly.)
Give me some more time,and I will show you how it can be done.
Think it over again and you'll find a way out
both...and是对加and意义的强化。例如:
Both Mary and her mother were not there
She is weIl known both for her kindness and for her intelligence.
要注意,both...and在用法上也不完全与and相同。比如我们可以说:
Mary and her mother were not there.
却通常不说:*Both Mary and her mother were not there.而应说;
Neither Mary nor her mother was there.
又例如and可用来连接两个分句,而both...and不可以.比如我们可以说:
Mary went marketing,and her mother did the cooking.
却不可以说:
*Both Mary went marketing, and her mother did the cooking.
再者,and可以连接两个以上的项目,而both…and却只限于两
项。比如我们可以说:
He can sing and dance and play the violin.
He can both sing and dance.
却和可以说:
*He can both sing and dance and pIay the vioIin.
not only...but(aIso)与both..and意义相近,但侧重在后一并列成
分。例如:
NOt only the mother but also the children are sick.
She can not only speak English but also write in it.
与both…and不同,not only...but(also)可用来连接两个分句,作这种用法时,not only所引导的分句需用倒装词序。例如:
Not only was everything he had taken away from him,but also
his German citizenship.(德国公民资格).
nor,neither…nor是表示否定的语义增进,这就是说,如果上文是个否定结构,下文可用nor表示否定意义的增进。例如:
He is not interesed in physics(物理学),nor in biology(生物学).
The job cannot be done by you,nor by me,nor by anyone else.
It was not anger nor surprise,nor disapproval,nor horror, nor
any of the emotions she had been prepared for.
如果用nor连接分句,随后得用倒装词序。例如;
*Both Mary went marketing, and her mother did the cooking.
再者,and可以连接两个以上的项目,而both…and却只限于两项。比如我们可以说:
He can sing and dance and play the violin.
He can both sing and dance.
却和可以说:
*He can both sing and dance and pIay the vioIin.
not only...but(aIso)与both..and意义相近,但侧重在后一并列成分。例如:
NOt only the mother but also the children are sick.
She can not only speak English but also write in it.
与both…and不同,not only...but(also)可用来连接两个分句,作这种用法时,not only所引导的分句需用倒装词序。例如:
Not only was everything he had taken away from him,but also
his German citizenship.(德国公民资格).
nor,neither…nor是表示否定的语义增进,这就是说,如果上文是个否定结构,下文可用nor表示否定意义的增进。例如:
He is not interesed in physics(物理学),nor in biology(生物学).
The job cannot be done by you,nor by me,nor by anyone else.
It was not anger nor surprise,nor disapproval,nor horror, nor
any of the emotions she had been prepared for.
如果用nor连接分句,随后得用倒装词序。例如;
I don't want to go,nor will my wife.
neither... nor表示既不……又不的含义,加强了否定的意义例如:
Neither my father nor I will go there
He neither ate,nor drank,nor smoked.
如果用neither…nor连接两个分句,两者都要用倒装词序。
Neither has he called on her ,nor wtll he do so.
Neither has she much time, nor have I.
在下列诸句中,ne此er可用于nor的意义,但不是并列连厉接副词:
She didn't give anything and neither did he.
=She didn't give anything,nor did he.
=She didn't give anything;neither did he.
The men were not well-dressed Nor/neither were the women
She hasn't much time and neitherr have I.
2) 表示语义转折和对比的并列连词
表示语义转拆和对比的并列连词以but为代表,此外还有
not...but,yet,whereas, while,only等。例如:
He is hard-working but not very intelligent .
He would like to go, but he can't.
we were comingto see you , but it rained(so we didn't).
They would have written to you, but you told them not to.
Hc would have said no,but he was afraid.
和and一样,并列连词but也可出现于句首,表示语义转折,
赵连接上下句的作用。例如:
When Galileo toId people of his discovery(发现),no one would
believe him. But Galileo was not discouraged.
When she saw that Abraham liked reading,she did all she could
to help him. But the family was poor and the boy could not get
many books.
英语并列结构问题
在多项并列结构中,为了达到一定的修辞目的也可以统统用逗号,不用连词;或者统统用连词,不用逗号。例如: our tain qujckIy passed Suzhow,Wuxi,Zhangzhou, and arrived at Nanjing about noon time. 在上述一例中,多项并列结构统统用逗号,给人以节奏明快的感觉。 语法结构 英语的并列连词就结构形式来说分为...
如何分析句子的语法结构(层次)?
层次分析法分析如下:第一层:“矿山建设者”是定语,“摇篮”是中心语。第二层:“矿山”是定语,“建设者”是中心语。
分析下列句法结构(现代汉语)
主要分析如下图所示:字可以组成词,词可以组成词语,词语想要组成句子就需要靠句法结构,也就是说句法结构就是词语组成句子的必须结构。例如:他\/\/参加\/旅行团。主语、谓语、宾语。主语+谓语+宾语 就是最常见的一种句法结构。基本语法结构:主谓短语(陈述关系)、动宾短语(支配关系)、偏正短语(修饰...
哪些是偏正结构,哪些是并列结构。
b)看打乒乓球\/的中小学生。第一层:偏正结构。第二层:看\/打乒乓球,动宾结构;中\/小学生,偏正结构。第三层:打\/乒乓球,动宾结构。3.教室里\/有两和人在交谈。第一层:主谓结构。第二层:教室里,方位结构;有两和人在交谈,兼语结构。4.老师\/叫你去办公室交语法作业。第一层:主谓结构。
汉语词的结构
从结构关系看,短语可以分为主谓短语、偏正短语、动宾短语、后补短语、并列短语、介宾短语、的字短语等。下边分别介绍这几种短语。1、主谓短语 主谓短语是由两个表示被陈述与陈述关系的的词组成的短语,其中表示被陈述的对象是主语,用来陈述的是谓语。主语一般由名词,代词充当,谓语一般由动词、形容词...
一个成语可以有两个语法结构吗?
举一个例子:“祖国山河壮丽。”这是一个主谓句,而它的结构会有两种:1、祖国\\山河壮丽;2、祖国山河\\壮丽。它们的主语中心词不同。成语不存在歧义,它们可以有语法结构的层级,不存在总体结构的不同。例如:“自相矛盾”,只有一个层级:自\\相矛盾,主谓结构。而“山高水远”,有两个层级:一层...
古代汉语的句法结构
对古代汉语来说,直接成分间结构关系的分析更为重要,同一个?动词+动词?组合,却可能是多种句法结构,即可能是联合结构、偏正结构、主谓结构、述宾结构、述补结构或连谓结构,同一词序排列却可以实现为多种不同的句法结构,其本质性的原因就在于直接成分间的结构关系不同。三是句法结构的语法性质,从...
中文四字成语的结构
1. 成语的结构有哪些 成语一般都是四字格式,不是四字的较少。如“五十步笑百步”、“ 欲速则不达”、“ 醉翁之意不在酒”。成语一般所以用四个字,这与汉语本身句法结构和古汉语以单音词为主有关系。 四字的语法结构主要有以下几种形式: 主谓式:名副其实、盛气凌人、杞人忧天、胸有成竹; 动宾式:好为...
歧义结构有哪些表现形式?
在由实词和实词组合的句法结构中总是同时并存着两种结构关系:语法结构关系和语义结构关系。语法结构关系和语义结构关系不是一一对应的,同一种语法结构关系可以表示多种不同的语义结构关系。正因为这样,语言里边存在着大量的歧义结构。比如,“鸡不吃了”,是一个主谓结构,包含着两种可能的语义结构关系:施事和动作的关系...
一片一片一步一步能否改为一步步一片片为什么
你和你的家人可以扩展为你、我、他、你的家人和我、我们大家,语义基本不变。5、语法上可以互换。并列结构的短语在语法上可以互换,即其中的词语或短语的顺序可以根据需要调整,不会影响整个句子的语法结构和表达的意思。他和她都喜欢音乐和她和我都喜欢音乐表达的意思是一样的。
答秀小儿:[答案] 主谓一致是指: 1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致. 2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致. 3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语, 一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可...
瑞丽市17255903736: 并列结构有哪两种表现形式? - ?
答秀小儿: 并列结构有“双项并列”和“多项并列”两种表现形式. I) 双项并列双项并列指两个词、两个词组或者两个分句的并列,"的并列结构形式.例如:He is an intelligent and hardworking young man.That was an exciting butdangeroustrip. ...
瑞丽市17255903736: 并列句的结构及用法 - ?
答秀小儿: 独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分.该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连...
瑞丽市17255903736: 什么是语法结构? 请通俗回答 - ?
答秀小儿: 语法结构就是主谓短语,偏正短语,动宾短语,并列短语. 1.并列短语:词与词之间有并列关系. 2.偏正短语:前面的词修饰、限制后面的名词、动词或形容词. 3.动宾短语:前面的动词支配或关涉后面的词. 4.后补短语:后面的词补充说明前面的动词或形容词. 5.主谓短语:后面的词陈述前面的词,前后有被陈述和陈述关系. 6.方位短语:名词或动词后面带上方位名词. 7.介宾短语:有介词和名词或代词等结合构成. 8.的字短语:由名词、动词、形容词或代词等带上结构助词“的”构成. 9.复指短语:两个或几个词同指一个对象. 10.固定短语:结构固定的专名或成语. 1.动宾短语 2.动宾短语 3.偏正短语 4.主谓短语 5.主谓短语 6.动补短语
瑞丽市17255903736: 英语并列句的句型结构 - ?
答秀小儿: 简单句+简单句 I help you and you help me.亲:高老师祝你学习进步,每天都开心V_V!望采纳,thx!
瑞丽市17255903736: 有关语法知识点并列结构作主语的主谓一致,有谁能给解释一下~ - ?
答秀小儿: 主谓一致,要求的是人称和数是一致的.并列结构中情况较为复杂:1. and和both...and 1)若意义为复数,则谓语用复数.Both Lucy and her mother like going shopping. 2)若并列结构不是指两个或以上的人/物,而是指一个事物,则谓语用单...
瑞丽市17255903736: 四字成语的语法结构主要有几种形式?每种关系举两例. - ?
答秀小儿: 四字成语的语法结构主要有: 1、并列结构.如:东南西北、苦辣酸甜、高低长短、喜怒哀乐 2、主谓结构.如:春暖花开,鸟语花香, 山穷水尽 3、动宾结构. 如:漫山遍野, 行云流水,腾云驾雾造句 并列结构造句: 1、一个人的喜怒哀乐最容易在神情上表露出来. 2、大雾漫天,遮天蔽日,分不清东南西北,辩不明四面八方,顷刻感受到天地之间仿佛只剩下我. 主谓结构造句: 1、他俩是在春暖花开的时节相识的. 2、每当走进鸟语花香的公园,我的心情总会变得格外舒畅. 动宾结构造句: 1、漫山遍野的枫叶好像一片燃烧的火. 2、他骑着骏马飞奔在草原上,犹如腾云驾雾一般.
瑞丽市17255903736: 成语结构有哪几种? - ?
答秀小儿: 成语一般都是由四个字组成.从语法上分析有下列几种结构: 1、并列结构——千山万水 2、偏正结构——出水芙蓉 3、动宾结构——包罗万象 4、主谓结构——波澜壮阔 5、连谓结构——画蛇添足 6、兼语结构——引狼入室
瑞丽市17255903736: 语法中的各种短语 - ?
答秀小儿: 短语:是由词和词组合而成的语言单位. (1)、并列短语:由两个或由两个以上的名词、动词或形容词等并列组成的短语,基本结构有名+名、名+代、代+代、动+动、形+形、数量+数量. 特点:①并列短语前后的词性一致.(名词和代词除外)...
瑞丽市17255903736: 英语语法关于主谓一致1由and/both····and连接的并列主语由and或both~~~and连接的并列结构作主语,如果意义为复数,谓语动词用复数eg,The fishing... - ?
答秀小儿:[答案] 简单说,就是如果两种东西配成一套的,一个整体的,用and连接,意义代表单数.