英语中Should的用法,包括虚拟语气中它有只做预期词这一用法吗?
虚拟语气中的could/should/might/would的用法是一样的。
(1)表示与现在事实相反的情况
从句:If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be动词用were)
主句:主语+ should/would/might/could+do:
If I were you,I would take an umbrella.如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你)
If I knew his telephone number,I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道)
(2)表示与过去事实相反的情况
从句:If+主语+had+done
主句:主语+should/would/might/could+have done
例如:
If I had got there earlier,I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了)
If he had taken my advice,he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话)
(3)表示与将来事实相反
从句:
1、if+主语+were to do
2、if+主语+should+do
3、if+主语+动词一般过去式(be动词用were)
主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do
例如:
If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小,不可能)
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday,we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪,我们就去滑冰。(事实:下雪可能性很小,不可能)
(4)有时,虚拟条件句中,如果主句和从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。
1、从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与正在发生的事实不符。
例如:
If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer now.如果我当时在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在就是一个工程师了
If they had informed us,we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。
2、从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。
例如:
If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话,我们就已经派他去北京了。
(5)当从句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可以省略,这时从句要用倒装语序,即把were,should,had等词置于句首,这种多用于书面语。
例如:
Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去了。
(6)非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句,在多数情况下,条件会暗含在短语中,如without…,but for…(要不是因为...)等。
例如:
But for his help,we would be working now.要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢。
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步。
(7)有时,虚拟条件语气的从句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
1、省略从句
He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam. 你本能通过这次考试的。
2、省略主句
If I were at home now. 要是我现 在在家里该多好啊。
If only I had got it. 我要是得到它了该多好啊。
(8)注意,在虚拟语气的从句中,动词be的过去时态一律用were,不用was。
If I were you,I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他。
1.虚拟语气在条件句中的用法\x0d\x0a(1)若表示与现在事实相反的假设,则条件从句中用过去式,主句中用过去将来式(would,should,could,might + 动词原形);若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大,则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词.如:\x0d\x0aI would certainly go if I had time.(现在)\x0d\x0aIf it should rain,we wouldn”t go out.(将来)\x0d\x0aIf I knew German,I would read the paper to you.(现在)\x0d\x0aIf he were here,we could ask him.(现在)\x0d\x0a(2)若表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中用过去完成式,主句中用过去将来完成式(should,would,could,might + have + 过去分词).如:\x0d\x0aIf I had set off a little earlier,I would have caught the train.\x0d\x0aShe would / might have come if she hadn”t been so busy.\x0d\x0aIf I hadn”t taken your advice,I would have made a bad mistake.\x0d\x0aIf only you hadn”t told him the news.\x0d\x0a(3)含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中,如有had,should,were 这三个词的话,在正式或书面语言中可将if省略,再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装.如:\x0d\x0aHad they time(=If they had time),they would certainly come and help us.\x0d\x0aShould it be fine(=If it should be fine),we would go for an outing.\x0d\x0aWere I go(=If I were you),I would go.\x0d\x0a(4)若主句从句所指的时间不一致,即条件从句表示与过去事实相反,主句表示与现在事实相反;或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反,主句表真实情况,则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式.如:\x0d\x0aIf it had rained last night(过去),It would be very cold today(现在).\x0d\x0aIf I had taken your advice(过去),I should have no trouble with the work now(现在).\x0d\x0a2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法\x0d\x0a 在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,request,command,insist等后的宾语从句中,用虚拟语气(即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形)来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等.在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符.如:\x0d\x0aI suggest that we(should)set off at once.\x0d\x0aThe doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed.\x0d\x0aI wish I were as strong as you.\x0d\x0awould rather that you hadn”t told him.\x0d\x0a3.虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法\x0d\x0a 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural;It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed;it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气,即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形.如:\x0d\x0aIt is necessary that he(should)be sent there at once.\x0d\x0aIt is requested that Professor Li(should)give us a speech.\x0d\x0aIt is desired that we(should)get everything ready by tonight.\x0d\x0a4.虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法.\x0d\x0a 在 suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形或只用动词原形.如:\x0d\x0aOur suggestion is that you( should)be the first to go.\x0d\x0aMy advice is that we(should)send for Doctor Li.\x0d\x0aDo you know the order that you(should)keep watch?\x0d\x0a5.虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法\x0d\x0a 在as if引导的状语从句中,用过去式表示与现在事实不符,用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符;在so that,in order that引导的状语从句中,常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气.如:\x0d\x0aThey talked as if they had been friends for years.\x0d\x0aShe stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother.\x0d\x0aHe took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.\x0d\x0a6.虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法:\x0d\x0a在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟
should 一词在中学英语课本中出现频率很高。它的用法灵活、含义丰富,因而一直是历年高考关注的热点。现将其具体用法分述如下: 一 . should 作为助动词 shall 的过去式,可以在间接引语中与第一人称主语搭配,表示过去将来时间。例如: The group leader announced that we should (= would ) begin to work soon. 小组长宣布:我们不久就开始工作。 A week ago, I told him that I should (= would) go to Beijing the next day. 一个星期以前,我告诉他我第二天就去北京。 二 . should 作为情态动词,通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务,译作“应该”、“应当”,这时它可以和 ought to, be supposed to 互换使用。例如: You should (= are supposed to ) complete your test in time. 你们应该按时做完你们的实验。 You should (= ought to ) tell your mother about it at once. 你应该立即把此事告诉你妈妈。 In sum, theory should be combined with practice. 总之,理论应该与实验相结合。 三 . should 作为情态动词,可以用在条件状语从句中,表示语气较强的假设,译作“万一”、“竟然”,这时也可将 should 置于从句之首,即将 should 放在主语前面,而省略从属连词 if .例如: If you should fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. (= Should you fail to come, ask Mrs Chen to work in your place. ) 万一你来不了,就叫陈夫人代替你。 If anyone should come, say I am not at home. (= Should anyone come, say I am not at home. ) 万一有人来访,就说我不在家。 If it should rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go. (= Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn't go.) 万一明天天下雨,我就不去了。 四 . should 作为情态动词,可以表示谦逊、客气、委婉之意,译为“可……”、“倒……”。例如: I should say that it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。 You are mistaken, I should say. 据我看,你搞错了。 He should expect their basketball team to win the match. 他倒是希望他们的篮球队赢得这场比赛的胜利。 五 . should 作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的。尤其在以 why, who, how 等开头的修辞疑问句或某些感叹句中常常译为“竟会”、“居然”。例如: When I went out, whom should I meet but my old friend Xiao Li ! 当我出去时,想不到竟会碰见我的老朋友小李!情态动词should的用法总结
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闫皇苦参: my advice to you整个做主语..to you只是个介词短语修饰前面的my advice.. 可以忽略.sir 是插入语. 后面的is是句子的谓语..that 引导宾语从句..be前面的确是省略了should因为有关advice order suggest desire 等表示命令 建议 要求的词后面的从句常用should+动词原形表示虚拟语气 至于为什么是be written 因为这个句子是被动语态.所以用be done..这里没有倒装的希望能帮到你
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