托福写作素材：怎样让学习效果更好

托福写作素材怎么准备比较好？分类别么？~

一、准备常用论据
首先来看300字，与考生之前接触的100字、200字词数要求的文章相比，对文章所含内容信息量的需求增大了，也就是说需要对文章有一个更加细致更加深入的描述。需要注意到细节的重要，但是巧妇难为无米之炊，如果没有足够的素材积累，如何写出细节呢，说来说去不过就是那么几句话，文章难免干瘪不饱满。因此，在解决 托福 写作要求字数多，内容量大的问题上，让考生平时准备一些常用的论据不失为一种好方法。

二、分析材料段落，背诵积累
在托福作文短短30分钟时间内让考生不仅要想到观点，而且要把观点写细致，需要在考试前提前准备。所谓的提前准备，并不是通常所说的模版，而是通过读一些比较高端的国外杂志，诸如国家地理，经济学家之类，并且从中挑选出这些文章当中的论证段落，好好的分析，看看这些论据是怎么样做到层层展开，层层递进，直至把事情说细致的，其中不乏有许多涉及面广的例子，可以直接背诵积累。

三、分类素材，提高效率
另外 托福写作 素材积累要注意：准备例子，并把它们写下来，进行分类。一个例子往往可以应对好几个同类的题目，这样做是效率最高的办法。万事开头难，素材的积累是一个漫长的过程，要做好坚持的心理准备。不仅是要特意去阅读积累，平时的学习生活也要留心。当然素材积累的过程还涉及储备词汇，包含词组，成语。学习灵活运用这些词汇进行表达，有利于在写作考试时间内用很好的它们遣词造句。

第一过单词关，用背单词软件效率高些，如拓词什么的，一定要滚瓜烂熟。 第二关准备大量的材料（买本书吧），作文口语用 第三练打字速度 第四狂做题，练速度和准确率 第五找到自己的薄弱环节着重练习 第六考前一定要死命的准备机经太重要了

　　1. Engage: Project-Based Learning
　　Students go beyond the textbook to study complex topics based on real-world issues, such as the water quality in their communities or the history of their town, analyzing information from multiple sources, including the Internet and interviews with experts. Project-based class work is more demanding than traditional book-based instruction, where students may just memorize facts from a single source. Instead, students utilize original documents and data, mastering principles covered in traditional courses but learning them in more meaningful ways. Projects can last weeks; multiple projects can cover entire courses. Student work is presented to audiences beyond the teacher, including parents and community groups.
　　Reality Check: At the Clear View Charter School, in Chula Vista, California, fourth- and fifth-grade students collected insect specimens, studied them under an electron microscope via a fiber-optic link to a nearby university, used Internet resources for their reports, and discussed their findings with university entomologists.
　　重点搭配摘抄:
　　go beyond the textbook :超越课本
　　real-world issues ：现实世界的问题
　　presented s/th to the audiences ：向观众展示
　　traditional book-based instruction :传统书本教学
　　is more demanding than ：比另外一件事情更费力
　　memorize facts from a single source ：从单一的源头记忆事实
　　细节罗列：
　　the history of their town ：他们家乡的历史
　　water quality in their communities ：他们社区的水质量
　　analyzing information from multiple sources ：分析不同源头的信息
　　discussed their findings ：讨论他们的发现
　　collected insect specimens, studied them ：收集昆虫样本、研究他们
　　适用题目：
　　2011.7.23 ML
　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is more effective for students to work in groups than by themselves.
　　The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teacher's salaries.
　　2. Connect: Integrated Studies
　　Studies should enable students to reach across traditional disciplines and explore their relationships, like James Burke described in his book Connections. History, literature, and art can be interwoven and studied together. Integrated studies enable subjects to be investigated using many forms of knowledge and expression, as literacy skills are expanded beyond the traditional focus on words and numbers to include graphics, color, music, and motion.
　　Reality Check: Through a national project called Nature Mapping, fourth-grade students in rural Washington learn reading, writing, mathematics, science, and technology use while searching for rare lizards.
　　重点搭配摘抄：
　　reach across traditional disciplines ：连接不同的学科
　　using many forms of knowledge and expression ：使用多种形式的知识和表达
　　graphics, color, music, and motion： 图标、颜色、音乐和手势
　　learn reading, writing, mathematics, science, and technology use ：
　　学习阅读、写作、数学、科学和科技的使用
　　适用题目：
　　Should university students take classes in many subjects or specialize in one subject?
　　3. Share: Cooperative Learning
　　Working together on project teams and guided by trained teachers, students learn the skills of collaborating, managing emotions, and resolving conflicts in groups. Each member of the team is responsible for learning the subject matter as well as helping teammates to learn. Cooperative learning develops social and emotional skills, providing a valuable foundation for their lives as workers, family members, and citizens.
　　Reality Check: In Eeva Reeder's tenth-grade geometry class at Mountlake Terrace High School, near Seattle, student teams design "schools of the future" while mentoring with local architects. They manage deadlines and resolve differences to produce models, budgets, and reports far beyond what an individual student could accomplish.
　　重点搭配摘抄:
　　learn the skills of collaborating, managing emotions, and resolving conflicts ：
　　学习合作、控制情绪、解决分歧等技能
　　is responsible for ：对xx负责
　　learning the subject matter ：学习主题；
　　helping teammates to learn ：帮助同伴学习
　　develops social and emotional skills ：朋友社交和控制情绪技能
　　providing a valuable foundation for their lives as workers, family members, and citizens：
　　为将来做员工、家庭成员和市民提供有价值的基础；
　　manage deadlines and resolve differences ：
　　掌控截止日期和解决分歧
　　far beyond what an individual student could accomplish：远远超越单个学生所有能成就的；
　　适用题目：
　　2011.7.23 ML
　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: it is more effective for students to work in groups than by themselves.
　　Some people think that it is an important part of a child's education to go on a field trip (for example, museums) while other people think a child's time is better spent learning in a classroom at school. What is your opinion?
　　4. Expand: Comprehensive Assessment
　　Assessment should be expanded beyond simple test scores to instead provide a detailed, continuous profile of student strengths and weaknesses. Teachers, parents, and individual students can closely monitor academic progress and use the assessment to focus on areas that need improvement. Tests should be an opportunity for students to learn from their mistakes, retake the test, and improve their scores.
　　Reality Check: At the Key Learning Community, in Indianapolis, teachers employ written rubrics to assess students' strengths and weaknesses using categories based on Howard Gardner's concept of multiple intelligences, including spatial, musical, and interpersonal skills.
　　重点搭配摘抄:
　　student strengths and weaknesses ：学生的优缺点
　　monitor academic progress ：监控成绩进展
　　be an opportunity for students ：对学生来是是个好机会
　　learn from their mistakes, retake the test, and improve their scores ：从犯下的错误中学习、重新考试同时提高成绩
　　适用题目：
　　Some people prefer to write many short assignments for a semester, other prefer to write one or two long assignments for a semester. Which do you prefer? Explain why.
　　Teachers
　　5. Coach: Intellectual and Emotional Guide
　　The most important role for teachers is to coach and guide students through the learning process, giving special attention to nurturing a student's interests and self-confidence. As technology provides more curricula, teachers can spend less time lecturing entire classes and more time mentoring students as individuals and tutoring them in areas in which they need help or seek additional challenges.
　　Reality Check: Brooklyn fifth-grade teacher Sarah Button uses exercises and simulations from the Resolving Conflict Creatively Program with her students, helping them learn empathy, cooperation, positive expression of feelings, and appreciation of diversity.
　　重点搭配摘抄:
　　coach and guide students ：培训引导学生
　　giving special attention to ：对xx给予特别的关照；
　　nurturing a student's interests and self-confidence：培养学生兴趣和自信
　　seek additional challenges：寻求额外的挑战
　　learn empathy, cooperation, positive expression of feelings, and appreciation of diversity ：学习同理心、合作、正向情感表达和感激多元化；
　　适用题目：
　　2012-05-26 ML ? 2012-05-26 NA? 2012.8.4NA
　　In the past, teachers have a greater impact on students than nowadays.

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