谁帮我整理出所有英语从句的用法?

谁帮我整理出所有英语从句的用法~

1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有：
*It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that...
*It seems\appears\happened\has turned out that...
*It is clear\important\likely\possible that...
*It is saideported\estimated\has been proved that...
It is said that comic books create a connection between people of the same generation.
It seems that the performance is very useful.
2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
What we lack is experience.
3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again.
I did know why I felt like crying.
2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young people would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is not good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit too long.
2)宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
He has made it clear that he would not change his mind.
3)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
He didn't think that the money was well spent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America.
The reason why so many people died there is that there were not enough food supplies.
It looks as if successful international cultural communication will make the world smaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a time.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，对先行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于of which；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations.
Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people.
The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (whichhat) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
5.定语从句
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。关系词不可省略。
Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rather like magnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
This is the computer on which he spent all his savings
It is written by a person with whom we are all familiar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“the same...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
These are not such problems as can be easily solved.(as代替先行词problems)
As is mentioned above,no single company or group can control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here.
2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。
As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses.
The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young)
Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child)
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him.
Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.

状语从句和宾语从句

在复合句中，主句是句子的主体，从句要从属于主句并充当主句的一个成分。根据从句在句中的句法功能，从句可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。本章中只介绍名词从句中的宾语从句和状语从句。

1状语从句

在复合句中，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的从句叫状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、比较（或方式）和条件等类。详见第十六章连词。

1.时间状语从句

引导连词有when，while，till，until，since，after before as soon as。

The bus won’t start until everybody gets on.

公共汽车直到每人都上车为止，才开动。

When he knocked at the door I was cooking.

当他敲门时，我正在煮饭。

注意

主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时。

2.原因状语从句

引导连词有because， as。

He didn′t see the film because he had seen it.

他没有看那部电影，因为他已经看过了。

注意

because不能和so 连用。

3.比较（方式）状语从句以than为引导连词。

Jim is older than Lucy（is）.

吉姆比路希年长。

注意

than 引导的比较状语从句中的谓语常省略。

4.条件状语从句以if为引导连词。

If you eat bad food，you may be ill.

如果你吃到坏了的食物，就会生病。

注意

主句是将来时，从句用一般现在时。

5.让步状语从句

引导连词有though，although。

Although he is young，he knows a lot of things.

虽然他年龄小，但却认识许多事物。

注意

although，though不能和but连用。

6.目的状语从句

引导连词有 that， so that…，in order that。He must get up early so that he can catch the first bus.他必须早起，以便能赶上第一辆公共汽车。

7.结果状语从句

引导连词有that，so…that…，that。

The box is so heavy that I can’t lift it.

这个盒子如此沉，以致我无法抬起来。

2宾语从句

句型：主句+连词+宾语从句

宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语，连接宾语从句的连词有that（that在口语中常省略）。 whether，if，和连接代词what， which， who， whom及连接副词when， where， how， why。

He knew（that） he should study hard.

他知道他应该努力学习。

Can you tell me which class you are in？

您能告诉我，您在哪一班吗？

He asked me if he could come in，

他问我他是否能进来。

3宾语从句应注意的问题

1.时态的一致（主句的时态与从句的时态一致） a.宾语从句中如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。

I know he lives here.我知道他住在这儿。

I know he lived here ten years ago.

我知道他十年前住在这儿。

I have heard that he will come.

我已经听说他要来了。

b.宾语从句中如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用过去的时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。



他问我们是否所有的人都出席了。



2.语序的变化

a.陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变。

陈述句：He is an honest man.

他是一个诚实的人。

宾语从句：I said he was an honest man.

（连词that可省）

我说他是一个诚实的人。

陈述句：We'll Win.

我们会赢。

宾语从句：We believe we'll win.

我们相信我们会赢。

b.一般疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用whether，if连接。

一般疑问句：Does he study hard？

他学习认真吗？

宾语从句：I wonder if（whether）he studies hard.

我不知道他是否认真学习。

一般疑问句：Will they win？他们会赢吗？

宾语从句：I asked if（whether） they would win.

我问他们是否会赢。

c.特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时语序要变为陈述句语序，用连接代词或副词（即保留原来的疑问词）。

特殊疑问句：Who is he？

他是谁？

宾语从句：Do you know who he is？

你知道他是谁吗？

特殊疑问句：What does he want？

他要什么？

宾语从句：I don't know what he wants.

我不知道他要什么。

注意

Who went there？

（特殊疑问句）

谁去那里呢？

I wonder who

went there.

（宾语从句）

我不知道谁去那里。

因为是对主语提问，所以特殊疑问句语序不变。变为宾语从句时，语序依然不变。

特殊疑问句：When did he leave？

他何时离开的？

宾语从句：I know when he left.

我知道他是什么时候离开的。

特殊疑问句：Where will he arrive？

他将会到哪里呢？

宾语从句：He asked me where he would arrive.

他问我他将会到哪里。

从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。在英语中，主要有三大从句，即名词性从句（包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）、形容词性从句（即定语从句）、副词性从句（即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等）。

主语从句用作主语，如：：

That the earth is round is true. 地球为圆的是真实的。

宾语从句用作宾语。如：

Do you know where he lives?

表语从句用作表语，如：

My opinion is that you should not go alone. 我的意见是你不应单独前往。

同位语从句用于解释说明前面的名词。如：

The fact that the earth is round is true. 地球是圆的的事实是真实的。（that从句用于解释说明the fact）

定语从句相当于一个形容词，用于修饰前面的名词。如：

The student who answered the question was John. 回答问题的学生是John.

状语从句相当于一个副词，如：

When it rains, I usually go to school by bus. 天下雨时，我通常坐公共汽车上学。（时间状语）

If he comes tomorrow, you will see him. 如果他明天来，你就可以看见他。（if 引导的条件状语从句，其结构为：if +状语从句，＋主句）。要注意在状语从句中有一个规则是“主将从现”，即主句是将来时，则从句要用一般现在时表示将来。

主句和从句的划分方法是相同的。句子的成分从谓语动词处来划分比较容易。谓语动词前面的部分是主语，后面常接宾语，修饰谓语动词的是状语，修饰主语、宾语的是定语，若谓语是系动词，则系动词后的部分是表语。如：

I am a teacher. 其中，I 是主语，am是谓语，a teacher 是表语。

He likes playing football very mucy. 其中，he是主语，likes是谓语，playing football是宾语，very much是状语。

语 法 结 构-- 从 句

内 容 提 要

定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分，定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句，结果状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。

I 定 语 从 句

一、 限定性定语从句

1. that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置

1) The first doll say “mama”was invented in 1830．

〔A〕 that it could
〔B〕 could it
〔C〕 it could
〔D〕 that could

2) A solar day is the length of time the Earth to revolve once around the Sun．

〔A〕 takes
〔B〕 takes it
〔C〕 which takes
〔D〕 he takes

3) The period during when 〔A〕 people learned 〔B〕 to melt iron is called 〔C〕 the 〔D〕 Iron Age．

2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢

4) The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, he sailed round the treacherous Cape Horn.

〔A〕 where
〔B〕 of which
〔C〕 during which
〔D〕 that

5) To travel from England to Hope Corn had taken him nine months, the sailing time was 226 days. He had done what he wanted to accomplish.

〔A〕 when
〔B〕 which
〔C〕 of which
〔D〕 that

3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括all, anything, much等，这时的that常被省略(见本节“四、关系代词的省略”)

4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语

6) Henry Ford is the person 〔A〕 which 〔B〕 is most responsible 〔C〕 for developing 〔D〕 the idea of mass production.

7) Human beings are social 〔A〕 animals whom 〔B〕 usually prefer not to live in 〔C〕 physical or psychological isolation 〔D〕 ．

5. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句

8) The Everglades is a beautiful region of southern Florida the primitive past mingles with modern life．

〔A〕 there
〔B〕 where
〔C〕 after
〔D〕 in

9) The knee is the joint the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg．

〔A〕 when
〔B〕 where
〔C〕 why
〔D〕 which

10) A metropolitan region 〔A〕 is defined as a central 〔B〕 city and the territory where 〔C〕 surrounds 〔D〕 it．

6. when引导定语从句表示时间

11) The next morning he came down to breakfast, he was beaming with the pleasure of a new, great discovery.

〔A〕 as
〔B〕 when
〔C〕 because
〔D〕 that

12) In a day few noble persons ever spoke to those of humble origins except to give an order, Jefferson went out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants, and waiters.

〔A〕 whose
〔B〕 during
〔C〕 when
〔D〕 of

13) Moreover, in the modern age human beings depend so much on machines, he had given men throughout the world new pride.

〔A〕 when
〔B〕 whether
〔C〕 more
〔D〕 ever

〔注〕 值得一提的是，表示时间“time”一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导

By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. ／ I still remember the first time I met her. ／ Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.

7. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格

14) There was a teapot fashioned like a China duck out of open mouth the tea was supposed to come.

〔A〕 which
〔B〕 its
〔C〕 that
〔D〕 whose

15) Jackir Mcleans’s recordings have shown that he is one of the few 〔A〕 jazz musicians who 〔B〕 style of playing 〔C〕 has kept pace with the evolution 〔D〕 of modern jazz．

8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导

16) I don't want to concentrate on anything worrying me.

〔A〕 what is
〔B〕 there is
〔C〕 what
〔D〕 there

二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立

1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分

2. 在引导限定性定语从句时，that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which

Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变，这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。

I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐，而他恰恰与我相反。

We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。

3. 有时as也可用作关系代词

4. 在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物

17) Ligaments(韧带)， ， hold organs of the body in place and fasten bones together．

〔A〕 which are fibrous tissues
〔B〕 they are fibrous tissues
〔C〕 fibrous tissues that
〔D〕 are fibrous tissues

18) The Little White House in Warm Springs was the Georgia home of President Franklin D. Roosevelt， there on April 12， 1945．

〔A〕 who died
〔B〕 died
〔C〕 while died
〔D〕 he died

19) The first United States citizen to become 〔A〕 a professional 〔B〕 sculptor was Patience Lovell Wright， which 〔C〕 works were executed in wax 〔D〕 ．

三、定语从句结构错误

1. 缺关系词

20) The adder is a snake has 〔A〕 a relatively 〔B〕 stout body， a short tail 〔C〕 ， and a flat head 〔D〕 ．

2. 从句中缺成分

21) Traditionally， ethnographers and linguists have paid 〔A〕 little attention to cultural interpretations given to 〔B〕 silence， or to 〔C〕 the types of social contexts in which tends 〔D〕 to occur．

四、连接代词的省略

22) Most crocodiles will eat anything capture and overpower．

〔A〕 can
〔B〕 they can
〔C〕 which can
〔D〕 and

五、例题解析

1) D为正确答案。本句中的主句为“The first doll was invented in 1830”，“that could say ‘mama’”为定语从句，修饰主句中的名词(主语)“the first doll”。

2) C为正确答案。

3) A错。during是介词，它后面的关系代词只能用which(指人除外)，which在此处指代“the period”，定语从句为“during which people…iron”，修饰主句的主语“the period”。

4) C为正确答案。

5) C为正确答案。

6) B错。改用who，which只能指物，指人时应用who，本句的定语从句修饰the person，关系代词who在从句中作主语。本句也可改用that，因为that也可用来指人，它可在从句中作主语或宾语，但which则只能指“物”。

7) B错。应改用who，因为这里所指代的是“human beings”，而且在从句中作主语，而whom只能用来作宾语。

8) B为正确答案。空白后是一个定语从句，从句中主谓宾齐全，关系副词where指代上面表示地点的名词region(地方，地区)，相当于in which，即in the region，在从句中作地点状语。

9) B对。空白后为定语从句，从句中的主谓宾语都已齐全，where作从句中的地点状语，相当于in the joint，整个从句修饰“the joint”。

10) C错。改为which或that。这里是一个定语从句，修饰前面的the territory(区域)，虽然被修饰成分表示一个地点，但若用where代替in the territory在从句中作地点状语，从句中便没有了主语，这显然不对。改用which后，便可由它作从句中的主语，代the territory；从句中的it代上文中的a central city。

11) B为正确答案。

12) C为正确答案。

13) A为正确答案。

14) D为正确答案。这里whose修饰名词短语“open mouth，” 这时“whose open mouth”一起作介词“of”的宾语。

15) B错。who应当在定语从句中作主语，而从句中已有主语style of playing(演奏风格)，故应将who改为whose，用whose修饰style，指代上文中的人名，相当于his。
16) B为正确答案。

17) A对。空白处是which引导的定语从句修饰主句的主语ligaments，which作从句的主语，主句的主语(ligaments)和谓语(hold)被定语从句所隔开。

18) A对。本句是关系代词who引导的非限定性定语从句，who指代前面的被修饰成分President Franklin D. Roosevelt并在从句中作主语。

19) C错。应改用whose，修饰从句中的主语works，whose相当于his。

20) A错。本句已有谓语动词is，而后面又出现动词has，显然不合语法，故应在snake和has之间加上关系代词which或that构成定语从句修饰snake，which作从句的主语。

21) D错。本句“in which”中的which指代“social contexts”，which在从句中已经是介词in的宾语，这样从句中便没有了主语，故应在which后加代词it(代silence)，即变为“in which it tends…”，用it作从句的主语，这样句子才完整。

22) B对。关系代词作限定性定语从句中的宾语时可以省略，本句被修饰词anything后就省去了“that”；C是不对的，首先，C中的which作从句的主语，而从句中的动词(作谓语)capture and overpower都为及物动词，可后面没有宾语，这样句子便不完整；其次，如果被修饰成分为不定代词(anything, all等)，或修饰成分前有形容词最高级以及限定性较强的形容词修饰时(the very，the only，the same，the first，the last，the tallest)，应使用关系代词that，而不用which。

近年来，what引导的名词从句已经是高考考查的热点、重点。一方面由于该结构及意义表现出明显的汉英差异；另一方面，高考在命题时不断使题干结构复杂化，这在很大程度上增加了题目的难度。本文笔者拟结合一些典型考例，落实出what引导名词性从句的用法特点、考点形式，并对该题型的解题思路加以详尽的分析，以利于读者掌握、运用之。

1.【考例】After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _____ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.

A.where B. what C. that D. how [04上海卷]

【题意】杨利伟成功地环绕地球飞行之后，我宇航员所渴望做的事情是在太空行走。

【考点】what引导主语从句。

【简析 【简析】通过分析题干结构可以看出，主句主语是由一个句子充当的，而且这个句子中的谓语desire缺少宾语，应该排除A、D两项；在引导主语从句时that无词义，因此正确答案是：B。

2．【考例】I think Father would like to know _____ I’ve been up to so far, so I decided to send him a quick note.

A.which B. why C. what D. how [04湖南卷]

【题意】我认为父亲想知道目前我在做什么，所以我决定给他发个短信。

【考点】what引导宾语从句。

【简析 【简析】know后面跟有一个宾语从句，从句中be up to缺少宾语，所以应该选一个连接代词引导宾语从句，这样B、D是错误的；A项不符合题意，正确答案是：C。

3．【考例】---Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

---Oh, that’s _____ .

A.what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited [03北京春季]

【题意】---你还在想昨天的比赛吗？ ---哦，那就是使我感到兴奋的事情。

【考点】What引导表语从句。

【简析 【简析】根据问话人的意图，想知道的不是“怎么样”、也不是“什么时候”；所以排除C、D两项；B项不合题意。答案是：A。

4．【考例】Our hometown has changed a lot, and now it is quite different from _____ a few years ago.

A.what it used to be B. that it used to be C. which it used to be D. what was it

【题意】我们的家乡变化很大，它现在与数年前的样子完全不同。

【考点】what引导宾语从句。

【简析 【简析】介词from后面是一个宾语从句，分析所给的选项可以看出，be应该带有 自己的表语意思才能完整，这样B、D两项错误，C项不符合题意。正确答案是：A。

5．【考例】A modern city has been set up in _____ was a wasteland ten years ago.

A.what B. which C. that D. where [04天津卷]

【题意】一座现代化城市已经在十年前是垃圾场的地方拨地而起。

【考点】what引导宾语从句。

【简析 【简析】介词in后面应该是一个名词性的结构，再加上这个结构中缺少的是主语，而不是地点状语，因此要首先排除D项；B、C两项不合乎题意。答案是：A。

6．【考例】It is pretty well understood _____ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today.

A.that B. when C. what D. how [03上海卷]

【题意】今天人们十分明白是什么控制着大气层内外二氧化碳的流动的。

【考点】what引导主语从句。

【简析 【简析】it在整个题干中做形式主语，understood之后的部分是真正主语，是主语从句，根据题意可以排除B、D两项；要使主语从句的意义和结构完整，正确答案应该是：C。

7．【考例】The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _____ I thought was a dangerous speed.

A.as B. which C. what D. that [04上海春季]

【题意】前几天，我哥哥以我认为是很危险的速度沿街道驾车疾驶。

【考点】what引导宾语从句。

【简析 【简析】介词at带有一个宾语从句。从句中的I thought可以看作是插入成分；as不用来引导宾语从句，从而排除A项；that引导名词性从句无词义，因此D项不对；B项不符合题意。答案是：C。

8．【考例】 _____ surprises me most is that she doesn’t even know where the difference between the two lies.

A.What B. How C. That D. Which

【题意】使我感到最吃惊的事情是，她甚至还不知道这二者的区别在哪里。

【考点】what引导主语从句。

【简析 【简析】很明显，主语从句中缺少的是主语，B项不对；根据题意和结构，C、D 两项也应该加以排除。正确答案是：A。

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