温斯顿·丘吉尔 英文简介
作者&投稿：酆采 （若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系）
温斯顿·丘吉尔 - 家庭情况
丘吉尔出生于英国的一个贵族家庭。他的祖上约翰·丘吉尔因在“光荣革命”中支持威廉三世，且又在对西班牙和法国的战争中做为军队总司令取得胜利而于1702年被安妮女王封为马尔巴罗公爵（DukeofMalborough），马尔巴罗家族在19世纪英国20个王室以外的公爵家族中名列第十。
温斯顿·丘吉尔 - 学生生涯
1881年，7岁的丘吉尔被送入一个贵族子弟学校读书，丘吉尔是学校中最顽皮、最贪吃、成绩最差的学生之一，因此经常遭到老师的体罚，后来不得不转学到另一所学校。1888年丘吉尔进入仅次于伊顿公学的哈罗公学就读，但是成绩依然不佳，虽然丘吉尔的学习成绩不好，可是他后来之所以成功，关键取决于他的综合素质，伦道夫勋爵于是决定在儿子毕业后将他送到桑赫斯特皇家军事学院。1893年8月，丘吉尔进入该校的骑兵专业学习。两年后，政坛上不得志的父亲早逝，同年2月，丘吉尔从军校毕业，被分配 到第四骠骑兵团任中尉。
温斯顿·丘吉尔 - 早期
1895年10月，刚刚当上中尉的丘吉尔利用假期和朋友一起到古巴亲身体验一下西班牙和古巴当地人民起义的战争。由于其父亲的关系丘吉尔还被英国情报部门看中，要他负责收集西班牙军队所使用的枪弹的情报，此外，《每日纪事报》也聘请他为随军记者，为该报发稿。一个月后，历经了战火、身怀一枚西班牙红十字勋章的丘吉尔回到英国。古巴之旅使丘吉尔爱上写作和记者的生活。
温斯顿·丘吉尔 - 政治生涯
1900年10月，代表英国保守党参选的丘吉尔顺利当选议员，从此开始了长达61年的政治生涯。不过在议会中他虽然是保守党成员，却抨击保守党政府的多项政策，批评政府在英布战争中的政策，并坚持反对政府的扩军计划。在成功阻挡政府的扩军提案在下议院通过后，丘吉尔又在贸易问题上走到了政府的对立面：他公开表示反对首相尼维尔·张伯伦的贸易壁垒政策，坚持维护自由贸易原则，这使得他与保守党彻底决裂，1904年他自称“独立的保守党人”，并最终于1905年1月被保守党取消了党员资格。4个月后，他坐到了反对党的议席中。
温斯顿·丘吉尔 - 一战经历
1914年7月，第一次世界大战爆发。次年1月，丘吉尔批准了海军攻占达达尼尔海峡的计划，但是最后海军却无法攻占下该海峡，并付出了巨大代价，英国在战事之初的优势丧失，也使得丘吉尔成为保守党猛烈攻击的对象。5月，已经决定要与保守党人共组联合政府的阿斯奎斯首相免除了丘吉尔海军大臣的职务，派他出任内阁中地位最 低的不管部大臣。被排挤在政治圈之外的丘吉尔决定辞职，赶赴法国前线亲自参加战争。
温斯顿·丘吉尔 - 领导风格
一战后的英国迷漫着和平主义的气氛，从政党领袖到平民百姓都鼓吹裁军，人民天真地相信，一战后将再也不会有一场如此残酷的战争了。丘吉尔是议会中极少数反对裁军，并警告德国正在撕毁《凡尔赛条约》的人。丘吉尔警告，希特勒的法西斯独裁将给欧洲带来灾难，如果不立即阻止甚至可能导致文明的毁灭，他督促英国应当重整军备，并鼓励盟友法国加强军事势力，而不是“裁减你的武器，增加你的义务”。但是多数人都将他的警告视为危言耸听。
温斯顿·丘吉尔 - 个人荣誉
1953年诺贝尔文学奖得主，曾於1940－1945年及1951－1955年期间两度任英国首相，被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，带领英国获得第二次世界大战的胜利。
丘吉尔的头上戴有许多流光溢彩的桂冠，他是著作等身的作家、辩才无碍的演说家、经邦治国的政治家、战争中的传奇英雄。他一生中写出了26部共45卷（本）专著，几乎每部著作出版后都在英国和世界上引起轰动，获得如潮好评，被翻译成多国文字在世界各国广为发行，以致《星期日泰晤士报》曾断言：“20世纪很少有人比丘吉尔拿的稿费还多。”
1953年，他被授予诺贝尔文学奖。他在一生中多次经历的议员竞选中，在议会的辩论中,尤其是在第二次世界大战中的重要时刻，发表了许多富于技巧而且打动人心的演讲，给人们留下了极深的印象。他来生最愿意做的事也是 想跟某人对话：他的来生是想与王尔德对话。丘吉尔之所以青睐奥斯卡·王尔德很大程度上是因为王尔德的机智与辩才。
扩展资料：
温斯顿·丘吉尔人物形象：
提到温斯顿·丘吉尔，人们都会肃然起敬，他在诸多领域都有着非凡的成就。那么温斯顿·丘吉尔是一个怎样的人呢？出生于1874年11月30日的温斯顿·丘吉尔一生极具传奇色彩，经历了人生的酸甜苦辣，也曾体验无限的风光与荣耀。他在政治、绘画、演说等多个方面都表现出色。对于温斯顿·丘吉尔是一个怎样的人这一问题，有人称他是一个全才。
他在教育领域、文学方面有着很多功绩，他的作品《不需要的战争》在1953年获得诺贝尔文学奖。他曾两次担任英国首相，领导英国人民取得第二次世界大战的胜利。有人说没有他，就没有英国二战的胜利。他从没有接受过教育，却有一身的才华，这完全是他自学的结果，由此可以看出温斯顿·丘吉尔是一个有决心、有毅力的人。他曾说过：A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty，这句话的意思是：悲观的人在机会里看到困难，乐观的人却在困难里看到机会。这句话被许多人当做名言在践行，而他自己也是乐观主义者。
他一生中经历过多次议员选举，他在演讲时，挥洒自如，给人以心灵的安慰。他还拥有着强烈的历史责任感，指挥有方，多次带领军队取得胜利，成为英国人民心中的英雄、榜样。对于温斯顿·丘吉尔是一个怎样的人这一问题，每个人心中都有自己的答案。但人们对温斯顿·丘吉尔是一个怎样的人这个问题给出的答案，一直都是褒义的。温斯顿·丘吉尔实现了自己的人生价值。
参考资料： 百度百科-温斯顿丘吉尔
温斯顿·丘吉尔生于1874年，卒于1965年。曾先后在哈罗公学和桑赫斯特军事学校学习。1895年起在部队当军官，多次参加过殖民战争，镇压过印度、苏丹等英国殖民地的民族起义，同时兼为报刊撰稿。1899～1902年英布战争期间，任驻南非军事记者。1904年转入自由党。1906年当选为下院议员（自由党）。同年出任副殖民大臣。1908～1910年任贸易大臣。1910～1911年任内政大臣。1911～1915年任海军大臣。第一次世界大战期间，1914年参加了安特卫普保卫战和大撤退；1915～1916年达达尼尔战役时为该战役的组织者之一，后因此次战役失败而辞职。1917年任军需大臣。1919～1921年任陆军大臣、空军大臣。1921～1922年任殖民大臣，致力于加强英国殖民军队和建立基地的活动。20世纪20年代重返保守党，自1924年起至去世，一直任保守党议会议员。1924～1929年任财政大臣。1930～1939年从事新闻工作。英国参加第二次世界大战后，于1939年9月任海军大臣，1940年5月出任首相。1941年7月，英苏签订了关于对法西斯德国采取共同行动的协定。1942年5月又签订了对德战争同盟条约，出席了德黑兰会议、克里木会议和波茨坦会议。1945年大选中工党获胜后，其内阁辞职。1951～1955年再次出任首相。1955年下台后，退出政治活动。著有《第二次世界大战回忆录》、《英语民族史》、《世界危机》。
After being educated at Harrow he went to the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. Churchill joined the Fourth Hussars in 1895 and saw action on the Indian north-west frontier and in the Sudan where he took part in the Battle of Omdurman (1898).
While in the army Churchill supplied military reports for the Daily Telegraph and wrote books such as The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898) and The River War (1899).
After leaving the British Army in 1899, Churchill worked as a war correspondent for the Morning Post. While reporting the Boer War in South Africa he was taken prisoner by the Boers but made headline news when he escaped. On returning to England he wrote about his experiences in the book, London to Ladysmith (1900).
In the 1900 General Election Churchill was elected as the Conservative MP for Oldham. As a result of reading, Poverty, A Study of Town Life by Seebohm Rowntree he became a supporter of social reform. In 1904, unconvinced by his party leaders desire for change, Churchill decided to join the Liberal Party.
In the 1906 General Election Churchill won North West Manchester and immediately became a member of the new Liberal government as Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. When Herbert Asquith replaced Henry Campbell-Bannerman as Prime Minister in 1908 he promoted Churchill to his cabinet as President of the Board of Trade. While in this post he carried through important social legislation including the establishment of employment exchanges.
On 12th September 1908 Churchill married Clementine Ogilvy Spencer and the following year published a book on his political philosophy, Liberalism and the Social Problem (1909).
Following the 1910 General Election Churchill became Home Secretary. Churchill introduced several reforms to the prison system, including the provision of lecturers and concerts for prisoners and the setting up of special after-care associations to help convicts after they had served their sentence. However, Churchill was severely criticized for using troops to maintain order during a Welsh miners's strike.
Churchill became First Lord of the Admiralty in October 1911 where he helped modernize the navy. Churchill was one of the first people to grasp the military potential of aircraft and in 1912 he set up the Royal Naval Air Service. He also established an Air Department at the Admiralty so as to make full use of this new technology. Churchill was so enthusiastic about these new developments that he took flying lessons.
On the outbreak of war in 1914, Churchill joined the War Council. However, he was blamed for the failure at the Dardanelles Campaign in 1915 and was moved to the post of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Unhappy about not having any power to influence the Government's war policy, he rejoined the British Army and commanded a battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers on the Western Front.
When David Lloyd George replaced Herbert Asquith as Prime Minister, he brought Churchill back into the government as Minister of Munitions and for the final year of the war, Churchill was in charge of the production of tanks, aeroplanes, guns and shells.
Churchill also served under David Lloyd George as Minister of War and Air (1919-20) and Colonial Secretary (1921-22). Churchill created great controversy over his policies in Iraq. It was estimated that around 25,000 British and 80,000 Indian troops would be needed to control the country. However, he argued that if Britain relied on air power, you could cut these numbers to 4,000 (British) and 10,000 (Indian). The government was convinced by this argument and it was decided to send the recently formed Royal Air Force to Iraq.
An uprising of more than 100,000 armed tribesmen took place in 1920. Over the next few months the RAF dropped 97 tons of bombs killing 9,000 Iraqis. This failed to end the resistance and Arab and Kurdish uprisings continued to pose a threat to British rule. Churchill suggested that chemical weapons should be used "against recalcitrant Arabs as an experiment." He added "I am strongly in favour of using poisoned gas against uncivilised tribes to spread a lively terror" in Iraq.
The divisions in the Liberal Party led to Churchill being defeated by E. D. Morel at Dundee in the 1922 General Election. Churchill now rejoined the Conservative Party and was successfully elected to represent Epping in the 1924 General Election.
Stanley Baldwin, the leader of the new Conservative administration, appointed Churchill as Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1925 Churchill controversially returned Britain the the Gold Standard and the following year took a strong line against the General Strike. Churchill edited the Government's newspaper, the British Gazette, during the dispute where he argued that "either the country will break the General Strike, or the General Strike will break the country."
With the defeat of the Conservative government in 1929, Churchill lost office. When Ramsay MacDonald formed the National Government in 1931 Churchill, who was now seen as a right-wing extremist, was not invited to join the Cabinet. He spent the next few years concentrating on his writing, including the publication of the History of the English Speaking Peoples.
After Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party gained power in Germany in 1933, Churchill became a leading advocate of rearmament. He was also a staunch critic of Neville Chamberlain and the Conservative government's appeasement policy. In 1939 Churchill controversially argued that Britain and France should form of a military alliance with the Soviet Union.
On the outbreak of the Second World War Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty and on 4th April 1940 became chairman of the Military Coordinating Committee. Later that month the German Army invaded and occupied Norway. The loss of Norway was a considerable setback for Neville Chamberlain and his policies for dealing with Nazi Germany.
On 8th May the Labour Party demanded a debate on the Norwegian campaign and this turned into a vote of censure. At the end of the debate 30 Conservatives voted against Chamberlain and a further 60 abstained. Chamberlain now decided to resign and on 10th May, 1940, George VI appointed Churchill as prime minister. Later that day the German Army began its Western Offensive and invaded the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Two days later German forces entered France.
Churchill formed a coalition government and placed leaders of the Labour Party such as Clement Attlee, Ernest Bevin, Herbert Morrison, Stafford Cripps and Hugh Dalton in key positions. He also brought in another long-time opponent of Chamberlain, Anthony Eden, as his secretary of state for war. Later that year Eden replaced Lord Halifax as foreign secretary.
Churchill also developed a strong personal relationship with Franklin D. Roosevelt and this led to the sharing and trading of war supplies. The Lend Lease agreement of March 1941 allowed Britain to order war goods from the United States on credit.
Although he provided strong leadership the war continued to go badly for Britain and after a series of military defeats Churchill had to face a motion of no confidence in Parliament. However, he maintained the support of most members of the House of Commons and won by 475 votes to 25.
Churchill continued to be criticized for meddling in military matters and tended to take too much notice of the views of his friends such as Frederick Lindemann rather than his military commanders. In April 1941 he made the serious mistake of trying to save Greece by weakening his forces fighting the Desert War.
One of the major contributions made by Churchill to eventual victory was his ability to inspire the British people to greater effort by making public broadcasts on significant occasions. A brilliant orator he was a tireless source of strength to people experiencing the sufferings of the Blitz.
After Pearl Harbor Churchill worked closely with Franklin D. Roosevelt to ensure victory over Germany and Japan. He was also a loyal ally of the Soviet Union after Adolf Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa in June, 1941.
Churchill held important meetings with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin at Teheran (November, 1943) and Yalta (February, 1945). Although Churchill's relationship with Stalin was always difficult he managed to successfully develop a united strategy against the Axis powers.
Despite intense pressure from Stalin to open a second-front by landing Allied troops in France in 1943, Churchill continued to argue that this should not happen until the defeat of Nazi Germany was guaranteed. The D-Day landings did not take place until June, 1944 and this delay enabled the Red Army to capture territory from Germany in Eastern Europe.
In public Churchill accepted plans for social reform drawn up by William Beveridge in 1944. However, he was unable to convince the electorate that he was as committed to these measures as much as Clement Attlee and the Labour Party. In the 1945 General Election Churchill's attempts to compare a future Labour government with Nazi Germany backfired and Attlee won a landslide victory.
Churchill became leader of the opposition and when visiting the United States in March 1946, he made his famous Iron Curtain speech at Fulton, Missouri. He suffered the first of several strokes in August 1946 but this information was kept from the general public and he continued to lead the Conservative Party.
Churchill returned to power after the 1951 General Election. After the publication of his six volume, The Second World War, Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Churchill's health continued to deteriorate and in 1955 he reluctantly retired from politics. Winston Churchill died on 24th January, 1965.
还有疑问的话,可以到他的网站去找资料http://www.winstonchurchill.org/i4a/pages/index.cfm?pageid=1
Name:Winston Churchill
Sex:Male
Date of birth:1874-1965
Nationality:England
Acquisition awards:In 1953 Nobel literature prize
British biographer, historian, politician of the · Churchill( the Winston Churchill,1874-1965) of WEN SI DUN4.Was born in the oxford nearby cloth temple.Grandfather, MA3 BO2,, Luo, the general has the military merit of neutrally in the war.The father pulls a man lord to once allow the English Chancellor of the Exchequer.He was then differ to send into the boarding school to study since the childhood, once studying in the of of hello school, but the born nature pertinacity, study the result not good, like the history, literature and the military games only.Tested into the virtuous of mulberry unwillingly in 1893 especially the army officer school after, because of share common interest, graduating the result to come out in front, getting the military officer qualifications.In 1895, with the second lieutenant the soldier title plait went into the Royal fourth to ride the large unit.Empress because of the combat life that hope earnestly to take a risk, the body that to volunteer the soldier and war correspondent attends Spain successively to Cuba of colony war and the British troops war in India, Sudan, South Africa, with the battle brave, presume the to risk danger to be known for nearly.In the interval, in two years that India garrison, he still read history, philosophy, religion and the work of the economies extensively, to make up the oneself in the lack on the education.At the same time, announced the reportage 《 the virtuous expedition of MA3 LA KAN3 record 》 (1898), 《 the war on the river 》 (1899), 《 South Africa joins the army to record 》 (1908) and novel 《 the sand Luo pull 》 (1899) etc., widely popular.
In 1899, the Churchill retired from the army to participate in politics, winning an election for the lower chamber councilman in 1900.Went into the 阁 to serve as to colonize the vice- big minister with a first time of the liberal party body in 1906, served as the big minister of big minister, domestic affairs of business behind, the first world war night before last served as the First Lord of the Admiralty, war the period served as the big minister of army supplies.In October after the revolution victory, he plans anti- Su once and actively.In 1924, served as the Chancellor of the Exchequer with the conservative party body again, keep go to 1929 the conservative party is in the election fiasco but leave the government, long unemployed decade.He published this period five originally memoirs 《 crisis of world 》 (1923-1931), the biography work 《 my early years life 》 (1930), four originally 《 MA3 BO2's Luo spread 》 .(1933-1938)
30's, because of the method west influence of rising, the European situation is increasingly nervous, the Churchill
resolute objection the English method etc. the appeasement policy of the country, become hard-liner's leader.He makes a speech everywhere, making public the danger of the war.He delivers a speech the surging eloquence of speech, a of , drive generally accepted is an outstanding declamation house.In 1939, the World War II break out, the Churchill
appointed the First Lord of the Admiralty of ZHANG BO2 LUN2's cabinet.In 1940, he accepted order in hour of danger, serving as the prime minister, lead the British people to protect three islands of England, and the all levels launched the diplomacy activity actively, forming alliance with beautiful Su, becoming the international anti- method west united front, doing a major contribution for the end victory of the anti- method west war.
In 1945, at the anti- method west victory night before last, failed in the election because of the conservative party, the Churchill lost prime minister's post.Afterward, he completed with six years six originally 《 memoirs of World War II 》 .(1948-1954)In 1951, the conservative party elected to win to win in all aspects, the Churchill served as the prime minister again with 77 years old advanced age.1955 retires because of the high resignation of age, composing with concentration four originally 《 English race history 》 .(1956-1958)January of 1965 dies because of the apoplexy.
Although the whole life of the Churchill mainly is engaged in the political activity, his history say to achieve the famous with the biography literature writing also.1946 start, he then is nominate for the candidate of the Nobel literature prize, and finally in 1953," because he is describing the scholastic attainment of the history and biography, at the same time because of him that defends the lofty person of value of glorious speech", acquire the Nobel literature prize.Sweden college compare he make" have the west fills Luo literary talent of big emperor of Caesar".( 《 make awards the 》 )
Winston Churchill, the son of Randolph Churchill, a Conservative politician, was born in Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, on 30th November, 1874. His mother, Jennie Jerome, was the daughter of Leonard Jerome, a New York businessman.
After being educated at Harrow he went to the Royal Military College at Sandhurst. Churchill joined the Fourth Hussars in 1895 and saw action on the Indian north-west frontier and in the Sudan where he took part in the Battle of Omdurman (1898).
While in the army Churchill supplied military reports for the Daily Telegraph and wrote books such as The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898) and The River War (1899).
After leaving the British Army in 1899, Churchill worked as a war correspondent for the Morning Post. While reporting the Boer War in South Africa he was taken prisoner by the Boers but made headline news when he escaped. On returning to England he wrote about his experiences in the book, London to Ladysmith (1900).
In the 1900 General Election Churchill was elected as the Conservative MP for Oldham. As a result of reading, Poverty, A Study of Town Life by Seebohm Rowntree he became a supporter of social reform. In 1904, unconvinced by his party leaders desire for change, Churchill decided to join the Liberal Party.
In the 1906 General Election Churchill won North West Manchester and immediately became a member of the new Liberal government as Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. When Herbert Asquith replaced Henry Campbell-Bannerman as Prime Minister in 1908 he promoted Churchill to his cabinet as President of the Board of Trade. While in this post he carried through important social legislation including the establishment of employment exchanges.
On 12th September 1908 Churchill married Clementine Ogilvy Spencer and the following year published a book on his political philosophy, Liberalism and the Social Problem (1909).
Following the 1910 General Election Churchill became Home Secretary. Churchill introduced several reforms to the prison system, including the provision of lecturers and concerts for prisoners and the setting up of special after-care associations to help convicts after they had served their sentence. However, Churchill was severely criticized for using troops to maintain order during a Welsh miners's strike.
Churchill became First Lord of the Admiralty in October 1911 where he helped modernize the navy. Churchill was one of the first people to grasp the military potential of aircraft and in 1912 he set up the Royal Naval Air Service. He also established an Air Department at the Admiralty so as to make full use of this new technology. Churchill was so enthusiastic about these new developments that he took flying lessons.
On the outbreak of war in 1914, Churchill joined the War Council. However, he was blamed for the failure at the Dardanelles Campaign in 1915 and was moved to the post of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. Unhappy about not having any power to influence the Government's war policy, he rejoined the British Army and commanded a battalion of the Royal Scots Fusiliers on the Western Front.
When David Lloyd George replaced Herbert Asquith as Prime Minister, he brought Churchill back into the government as Minister of Munitions and for the final year of the war, Churchill was in charge of the production of tanks, aeroplanes, guns and shells.
Churchill also served under David Lloyd George as Minister of War and Air (1919-20) and Colonial Secretary (1921-22). Churchill created great controversy over his policies in Iraq. It was estimated that around 25,000 British and 80,000 Indian troops would be needed to control the country. However, he argued that if Britain relied on air power, you could cut these numbers to 4,000 (British) and 10,000 (Indian). The government was convinced by this argument and it was decided to send the recently formed Royal Air Force to Iraq.
An uprising of more than 100,000 armed tribesmen took place in 1920. Over the next few months the RAF dropped 97 tons of bombs killing 9,000 Iraqis. This failed to end the resistance and Arab and Kurdish uprisings continued to pose a threat to British rule. Churchill suggested that chemical weapons should be used "against recalcitrant Arabs as an experiment." He added "I am strongly in favour of using poisoned gas against uncivilised tribes to spread a lively terror" in Iraq.
The divisions in the Liberal Party led to Churchill being defeated by E. D. Morel at Dundee in the 1922 General Election. Churchill now rejoined the Conservative Party and was successfully elected to represent Epping in the 1924 General Election.
Stanley Baldwin, the leader of the new Conservative administration, appointed Churchill as Chancellor of the Exchequer. In 1925 Churchill controversially returned Britain the the Gold Standard and the following year took a strong line against the General Strike. Churchill edited the Government's newspaper, the British Gazette, during the dispute where he argued that "either the country will break the General Strike, or the General Strike will break the country."
With the defeat of the Conservative government in 1929, Churchill lost office. When Ramsay MacDonald formed the National Government in 1931 Churchill, who was now seen as a right-wing extremist, was not invited to join the Cabinet. He spent the next few years concentrating on his writing, including the publication of the History of the English Speaking Peoples.
After Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party gained power in Germany in 1933, Churchill became a leading advocate of rearmament. He was also a staunch critic of Neville Chamberlain and the Conservative government's appeasement policy. In 1939 Churchill controversially argued that Britain and France should form of a military alliance with the Soviet Union.
On the outbreak of the Second World War Churchill was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty and on 4th April 1940 became chairman of the Military Coordinating Committee. Later that month the German Army invaded and occupied Norway. The loss of Norway was a considerable setback for Neville Chamberlain and his policies for dealing with Nazi Germany.
On 8th May the Labour Party demanded a debate on the Norwegian campaign and this turned into a vote of censure. At the end of the debate 30 Conservatives voted against Chamberlain and a further 60 abstained. Chamberlain now decided to resign and on 10th May, 1940, George VI appointed Churchill as prime minister. Later that day the German Army began its Western Offensive and invaded the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Two days later German forces entered France.
Churchill formed a coalition government and placed leaders of the Labour Party such as Clement Attlee, Ernest Bevin, Herbert Morrison, Stafford Cripps and Hugh Dalton in key positions. He also brought in another long-time opponent of Chamberlain, Anthony Eden, as his secretary of state for war. Later that year Eden replaced Lord Halifax as foreign secretary.
Churchill also developed a strong personal relationship with Franklin D. Roosevelt and this led to the sharing and trading of war supplies. The Lend Lease agreement of March 1941 allowed Britain to order war goods from the United States on credit.
Although he provided strong leadership the war continued to go badly for Britain and after a series of military defeats Churchill had to face a motion of no confidence in Parliament. However, he maintained the support of most members of the House of Commons and won by 475 votes to 25.
Churchill continued to be criticized for meddling in military matters and tended to take too much notice of the views of his friends such as Frederick Lindemann rather than his military commanders. In April 1941 he made the serious mistake of trying to save Greece by weakening his forces fighting the Desert War.
One of the major contributions made by Churchill to eventual victory was his ability to inspire the British people to greater effort by making public broadcasts on significant occasions. A brilliant orator he was a tireless source of strength to people experiencing the sufferings of the Blitz.
After Pearl Harbor Churchill worked closely with Franklin D. Roosevelt to ensure victory over Germany and Japan. He was also a loyal ally of the Soviet Union after Adolf Hitler launched Operation Barbarossa in June, 1941.
Churchill held important meetings with Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin at Teheran (November, 1943) and Yalta (February, 1945). Although Churchill's relationship with Stalin was always difficult he managed to successfully develop a united strategy against the Axis powers.
Despite intense pressure from Stalin to open a second-front by landing Allied troops in France in 1943, Churchill continued to argue that this should not happen until the defeat of Nazi Germany was guaranteed. The D-Day landings did not take place until June, 1944 and this delay enabled the Red Army to capture territory from Germany in Eastern Europe.
In public Churchill accepted plans for social reform drawn up by William Beveridge in 1944. However, he was unable to convince the electorate that he was as committed to these measures as much as Clement Attlee and the Labour Party. In the 1945 General Election Churchill's attempts to compare a future Labour government with Nazi Germany backfired and Attlee won a landslide victory.
Churchill became leader of the opposition and when visiting the United States in March 1946, he made his famous Iron Curtain speech at Fulton, Missouri. He suffered the first of several strokes in August 1946 but this information was kept from the general public and he continued to lead the Conservative Party.
Churchill returned to power after the 1951 General Election. After the publication of his six volume, The Second World War, Churchill was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Churchill's health continued to deteriorate and in 1955 he reluctantly retired from politics. Winston Churchill died on 24th January, 1965.
Sir Winston Churchill
作者：
in full Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
born Nov. 30, 1874, Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, Eng.
died Jan. 24, 1965, London
Winston Churchill, photographed by Yousuf Karsh, 1941.
© Karsh/Woodfin Camp and Associates
British statesman, orator, and author who as prime minister (1940–45, 1951–55) rallied the British people during World War II and led his country from the brink of defeat to victory.
After a sensational rise to prominence in national politics before World War I, Churchill acquired a reputation for erratic judgment in the war itself and in the decade that followed. Politically suspect in consequence, he was a lonely figure until his response to Adolf Hitler's challenge brought him to leadership of a national coalition in 1940. With Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin he then shaped Allied strategy in World War II, and after the breakdown of the alliance he alerted the West to the expansionist(扩张主义者) threat of the Soviet Union. He led the Conservative Party back to office in 1951 and remained prime minister until 1955, when ill health forced his resignation.
sensational: Arousing or intended to arouse strong curiosity, interest, or reaction, especially by exaggerated or lurid details: 耸人听闻的引起或有意引起强烈的好奇、兴趣或反应的，尤其指用夸张的或过分渲染的细节
prominence: 突出, 显著, 突出物
erratic: Deviating from the customary course in conduct or opinion; eccentric 古怪的在行为与观点上与习惯的作法偏离；偏执的
coalition: An alliance, especially a temporary one, of people, factions, parties, or nations.联盟人民、派别、政党或国家的联合，尤指暂时联合
In Churchill's veins ran the blood of both of the English-speaking peoples whose unity, in peace and war, it was to be a constant purpose of his to promote. Through his father, Lord Randolph Churchill, the meteoric Tory politician, he was directly descended from John Churchill, 1st duke of Marlborough, the hero of the wars against Louis XIV of France in the early 18th century. His mother, Jennie Jerome, a noted beauty, was the daughter of a New York financier and horse racing enthusiast, Leonard W. Jerome.
The young Churchill passed an unhappy and sadly neglected childhood, redeemed only by the affection of Mrs. Everest, his devoted nurse. At Harrow his conspicuously poor academic record seemingly justified his father's decision to enter him into an army career. It was only at the third attempt that he managed to pass the entrance examination to the Royal Military College, now Academy, Sandhurst, but, once there, he applied himself seriously and passed out (graduated) 20th in a class of 130. In 1895, the year of his father's tragic death, he entered the 4th Hussars. Initially the only prospect of action was in Cuba, where he spent a couple of months of leave reporting the Cuban war of independence from Spain for the Daily Graphic (London). In 1896 his regiment(团, 大群) went to India, where he saw service as both soldier and journalist on the North-West Frontier (1897). Expanded as The Story of the Malakand Field Force (1898), his dispatches attracted such wide attention as to launch him on the career of authorship that he intermittently pursued throughout his life. In 1897–98 he wrote Savrola (1900), a Ruritanian romance, and got himself attached to Lord Kitchener's Nile expeditionary force in the same dual role of soldier and correspondent. The River War (1899) brilliantly describes the campaign.
redeem: To save from a state of sinfulness and its consequences.
To relegate to a specific destination or send on specific business.派遣；发送送到特定的目的地或分派特定任务
Winston Churchill
SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL (1874-1965), British leader. English on his father's side, American on his mother's, Sir Winston Churchill embodied⑴ and expressed the double vitality⑵ and the national qualities of both peoples.
Churchill took a leading part in laying the foundations of the welfare⑶ state in Britain, in preparing the Royal⑷ Navy for World War I, and in settling the political boundaries⑸ in the Middle East after the war. In WORLD WAR II emerged as the leader of British nation to resist the German domination⑹ of Europe, as an inspirer of the resistance among free peoples, and as a prime architect of victory.
His dominant qualities were courage and imagination. Less obvious to the public, but no less important, was his powerful, original, and fertile⑺ intellect. The artistic side of his temperament was displayed in his writings and oratorical⑻style, as well as in his paintings. He was a combination of soldier, writer, artist, and statesman. Like Julius Caesar, he stands out not only as a great man of action, but as a writer of it too.
On May 10, 1940, in the midst of disasters, Churchill was called to supreme power and he really was chosen by the will of the nation. For the next five years, perhaps the most heroic period in Britain's history, he held supreme command, as prime minister and minister of defense, in the nation's war effort. At this point his life and career became one with Britain's story and its survival.
On Oct. 26, 1951, at the age of 77, he again became prime minister. Churchill's later years were relatively tranquil. On April 9, 1963, he received, by special act of the U.S. Congress, the unprecedented⑼honor of being made an honorary American citizen. When he died in London on Jan. 24, 1965, at the age of 90, he was acclaimed⑽ as a citizen of the world, and on January 30 he was given the funeral of a hero.
余匡七味：[答案] Name:Winston ChurchillSex:MaleDate of birth:1874-1965Nationality:EnglandAcquisition awards:In 1953 Nobel literature prizeBritish biographer,historian,politician of the · Churchill( the Winston Church...
清河区18321495358： 请将温斯顿 丘吉尔的简介写出来.要求:字数不要太多.中英文都要有.Thank you. - ？
余匡七味： Sir Winston Churchill(1874-1965)was a combination of soldier. writer, artist,and statesman, renowned for his courage,imagination,oratory and intellect.In World War2 he served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and ...
清河区18321495358： 丘吉尔生平?详细 - ？
余匡七味： 丘吉尔, W.L.S. ( Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill,1874~1965)英国政治家、首相(1940~1945,1951~1955).1874年11月30日出生在英格兰牛津郡的一个贵族世家.1894年毕业于桑德赫斯特皇家军事学院. 1939年以前的主要政治活动...
清河区18321495358： 作者的简历 - ？
余匡七味： 温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞·丘吉尔爵士(Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill,1874年11月30日—1965年1月24日),政治家、演说家及作家以及记者,1953年诺贝尔文学奖得主,曾于1940-1945年及1951-1955...
清河区18321495358： 世界第二大战时丘吉尔做出啦什么贡献？
余匡七味： 温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞·丘吉尔(Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill,1874年11月30日-1965年1月24日)英国政治家、演说家、军事家和作家,曾于1940年至1945年出任英国首相,任期内领导英国在第二次世界大战中联合美国等国家对抗德国,并取得了最终胜利,并自1951年至1955年再度出任英国首相.丘吉尔被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一,对英国乃至于世界均影响深远.此外,他在文学上也有很高的成就,曾于1953年获诺贝尔文学奖.在2002年,BBC举行了一个名为“最伟大的100名英国人”的调查,结果丘吉尔获选为有史以来最伟大的英国人.
清河区18321495358： 二战英国首相丘吉尔英文名 - ？
余匡七味： 全名Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞-丘吉尔).
清河区18321495358： 《Winston Churchill 》的翻译 - ？
余匡七味： Winston Churchill温斯顿·丘吉尔(英国政治家及作家)
