急求英语8种时态定义,标志性词,3个例句

急求 英语 8种时态 （时态意义丶标志词丶结构丶句式变化）~

一般现在时 结构具体来讲有3种 1、由be动词构成 2、由have/has构成（这里的have/has只能表示“有”的含义） 3、由行为动词构成
一般过去时 与一般现在时相对应
一般将来时 结构有两种 1、will/shall+动词原形 2、be going to+动词原形
现在进行时 结构只有一种 be+动词的现在分词 这里的be动词就是指am/is/are
过去进行时 结构与现在进行时相对 结构也是be+动词的现在分词 这里的be动词是was/were
现在完成时 结构只有一个 have/has+动词的过去分词
过去完成时 结构只有一个 had+动词的过去分词

一、 一般现在时
1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays,
3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式）
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。
6.例句：. It seldom snows here.
He is always ready to help others.
Action speaks louder than words..
[编辑本段]二、 一般过去时
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week,last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.
I didn't know you were so busy.
[编辑本段]三、 现在进行时
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now, at this time, days, etc. look . listen
3.基本结构：be+doing
4.否定形式：be+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句： How are you feeling today?
He is doing well in his lessons.
[编辑本段]四、 过去进行时
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were + not + doing.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
[编辑本段]五、 现在完成时
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构：have/has + done
4.否定形式：have/has + not +done.
5.一般疑问句：have或has。
6.例句：I've written an article.
The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
[编辑本段]六、 过去完成时
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构：had + done.
4.否定形式：had + not + done.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
[编辑本段]七、 一般将来时
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do；will/shall + do.
4.否定形式：am/is/are not going to do ；will/shall not do。
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
It is going to rain.
[编辑本段]八、 过去将来时
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were+going to + do；would/should + do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not + going to + do;would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。
6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
I asked who was going there .
[编辑本段]九、将来完成时
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语：by the time of;by the end of+时间短语（将来）;by the time+从句（将来）
3.基本结构：be going to/will/shall + have done
4例句:By the time you get back,great changes will have taken place in this area.
[编辑本段]十、现在完成进行时
1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始，也可能仍在继续，并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构：have/has +been+doing
3.例子：I have been sitting here for an hour.
The chirdren have been watching TV since six o'clock.

（一）一般现在时。（do/does, am/is/are, 情态动词）
一般现在时表示的是客观事实或平时反复做的事情通常有频率副词always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，once a week，every day等。
如：The earth goes around the sun.
Japan lies east of China.
He is never late for school.
He often gets up at six every day.
Cats can climb trees.
I hear they have moved into a new house.
He writes to his father once a year.
一般现在时还可以表示、安排好的，或即将发生的事，通常使用瞬间动词come，start，begin，return，leave等。
如：My plane leaves at 6:00 a.m..
Is there any meeting today?
The game starts at 8:00.

（二）现在进行时。（am/is/are doing）
现在进行时表示现在或最近正在做的事情，后面一般接延续性的动词，都表示动作没有进行完。
如：Look! The boy is dancing.
He is watching a football game.
What are you doing now?
They are preparing for the exam recently.
还常与always，usually，constantly，forever，continually等词连用表示一种语气，“总是，老是…”，
如：He is always working late.
Why are you always making this kind of mistake?
He is continually getting into trouble with the police.
后面接暂转动词时表示正在反复的动作，或表示将来时（一般只有go, come, leave和have）
如：The monkeys are jumping.
They are hitting the tree.
表将来：We are going swimming this afternoon.
They are leaving here.
They are having an English class tomorrow.
试比较：
He is doing his homework until his parents come to take him home.
He will do his homework until his parents come to take him home.
注：表示知觉、感觉、看法、认识、情感或愿望的动词和大部分暂转动词不能用现在进行时，如：see, hear, smell, taste, feel, like, hate, dislike, want, love, hate, want, know, forget, remember, understand, believe, suppose, mean, wish, hope, need, believe, refuse, suppose, have, fit, seem, fear, own等

（三）现在完成时
现在完成时中用瞬间动词表示说话时已经完成的动作，而且这个动作对现在还有影响，句中的时间副词主要有already, yet, now, by this time, by now等；用延续动词表示过去已经开始持续到现在而且还有可能继续持续下去的动作，句中的时间副词主要有this week, in the past/last/recent few years, since…, for…。
如：He has already finished his homework.
He hasn’t arrived here yet.
They have been here for ten years.
He has waited here since he came.
与一般过去时比较，看下面一段对话：
A: Have you seen my book? I think I have lost it.
B: Yes, I ______ (see) it on your table just now. But it ______(not be) there any longer. Where and when ______ you ______(lose) it?
A: I think I ______ (lose) it yesterday.
B: ______ you ______ (find) it?
A: ______.(Yes./No.)
现在完成时中的瞬间动词与延续动词的相互转化：
have finished/stopped/ended → have been over
have started/begun → have been on
have joined → have been in/a member of
have turned/become/got → have been
have left → have been away from
have arrived/reached/got to → have been
have died → have been dead
have married/got married to sb. → have been married to sb.

（四）一般将来时。（will/shall do, am/is/are going to do, am/is/are doing, am/is/are about to do）
一般将来时表示将要发生或打算做的事情，
如：He will come back in two days.
When will he give the book back to me?
It’s going to rain.
We are going to hold a sports meeting next week.
They are leaving for New York.
He is about to leave.

（五）一般过去时。（did, was/were, 情态动词过去式）
一般过去时表示在过去的某个时间发生的具体事情，一般都要有表示过去的时间状语，
如：He went to school by bike yesterday.
We had a good time last night.
He could count to 1000 when he was three.
He was a teacher before.
注意：在直接引语转换成间接引语时时间状语的变化：
如：He said, “I did it yesterday.”
→ He said he did it the day before.
today → that day
yesterday → the/a/one day before
the day before yesterday → 2 days before
last week → the week before
2 weeks ago → 2 week before
tomorrow → the next day/the day after或one/a day later
the day after tomorrow → 2 days after/later
in a week/next week → the next week
in 2 weeks → 2 weeks after/later

（六）过去进行时。（was/were doing）
过去进行时表示在过去的某个具体时间里正在发生的事情，
如：He was reading newspaper at seven yesterday evening.
The Smiths are watching TV at nine last night.
When he got home, his mother was cooking.
或过去的某段时间里持续发生的事情，
如：I was studying English in London from 1990 to 1992.
He was washing the dishes from seven o’clock to seven thirty.

（七）过去完成时
表示在过去的一个动作之前就已经完成的动作，即过去之过去。注意与现在完成时不同的是过去完成时必须要有具体的时间状语。
如：The train had left before she got to the station.
They had learnt 2000 words by the end of last month.
He had been a doctor for 3 years before he came here.
He got back the book that he had left in the classroom.
No sooner had he got to the cinema than the film began.
Hardly had he got to the cinema when the film began.
注意：如果两个或几个动作连续发生且衔接紧密时用一连串的一般过去式即可。
如：He locked the door and went away.
Mr.Smith went to the market, bought some flowers and went to see his friends.
He sent a telegraph home before he left Paris.

（八）过去将来时。（would/should, was/were going to do, was/were doing）
过去将来时表示在过去某时就打算做的事情，或相对于过去将要发生的事情。
如：They were going swimming when I met them.
He said he would go to New York.
Yesterday he said it was going to rain, but it didn’t.

（九）复合时态。高中阶段所学到的复合时态主要有：
完成进行时，将来完成时和将来进行时。
完成进行时表示到目前为止一直在做某事。过去完成进行时还可以表示刚刚结束的进行动作。
如：He has been painting the house the whole morning.
They have been promising us to rise our salary these years.
They had been doing their homework for 3 hours before I came.
I asked him what he had just been doing?
He had just been sleeping before I got there.
将来完成时表示，到将来某时即将结束的动作。
如：We will have learnt 3000 English words by the end of next term.
They will have finished it by 12:00 tomorrow.
将来进行时表示将来某时正在进行的动作。
如：We will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.
She will be waiting there at 8 a.m. if you ask her to.

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