宾语从句中特殊的疑问句语序
一、概念
宾语从句的宾语部分中有一个从句充当宾语.
二、可接宾语从句的动词
say 、tell 、think、 know、 see、 hear、 hope、 guess、 find、 feel 等,或由形容词构成的系表结构,如:afraid、 sure、 glad、 sorry等
三、宾语从句的标点符号.
宾语从句的标点符号取决于主句,如果主句是陈述句,句尾用句号;如果主句是疑问句,句尾用问号.
四、引导词.
1、that (从句是陈述句时,引导词用that ,它本身无词义,不充当成分,在口语中可省略,但在正式场合不可省.)
2、if或whether (从句是一般疑问句时用if 或whether ,含义是“是否”.)
if、whether 一般情况下可以互换,但在构成whether…or not 句式只用whether
3、连接代词、连接副词(从句是特殊疑问句时用)
连接代词(what、 which、 who、 whose )
连接副词(when、 where、 how 、why )
五、宾语从句的同义句转换.
在宾语从句中经常会出现“疑问词+动词不定式”的结构,它可与“疑问词+主语+情态动词+动词原形”进行同义句转换.
Can you tell me how I can get to the station?
Can you tell me how to get to the station?
六、宾语从句的语序.
宾语从句的语序都用陈述句语序(即正常的主谓语序)
He says that Jim will miss a lot of lessons .
He asked whether we should hold a sports meeting .
Do you know what the population of Dalian is
七、宾语从句的时态.
1、主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要选用任何时态.
He says that he is good at English
He says that he has been ill for two days
I don’t know if he will come tomorrow
2、主句是一般过去时,从句可根据需要用相应的过去某种时态.(即一般过去时、过去将来时、过去完成时等)
He asked me where I lived
He said that she had been ill for two days
She said that she would return soon
3、当从句讲述的是客观事实或真理时,从句时态不受主句的影响,都用一般现在时.
The teacher said “light travels faster than sound”
He said that the earth is round
特例:Could you tell me …委婉的语气,常按照一般现在时处理.
Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is
八、语从句的从句中不再有助动词.即一般现在时的助动词do ,does ,一般过去时的助动词did.
Do you like speaking English He wants to know .(改为宾语从句)
He wants to know if you like speaking English
九、如果简单句变成了宾语从句,那么其谓语动词要相应的变化.常见的一般过去时的动词应用过去式;一般现在时的如果主语是第三人称单数的,动词要用单三形式,如果主语不是第三人称单数,动词都用原形;其他时态变成相应的时态的结构即可.
十、宾语从句变否定句.
如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时,并且谓语动词多为think、guess、believe等表示心理活动的词时,变否定句要否定转移,即否定主句.否则,变否定句看从句.
I think chicken can swim (变否定句)
I don’t think chicken can swim
He said that he would go shopping(变否定句) ……
He said that he would not go shopping
十一、宾语从句变反意疑问句
如果宾语从句的主句是第一人称I或we时,变反意疑问句时看从句.如果主句不是第一人称时则看主句.
I think he is a good student ,isn’t he
They want to know if he is a good student ,don’t they
是的,类似于 I know what you say 这样的句式。
宾语从句包括三大类陈述语气。
1、用连接词 that 引导,以肯定语气陈述已经知道的情况。如:
He said (that he will come tomorrow).他说他明天会来。
I told him (that there was something had happened the day
before).我告诉他前一天发生了一点事。
2、用 wh- 式连接代词(what,who,which)或连接副词(when,where,why,how)
引导,以不定语气陈述需要证实的具体细节。如:
He asked me (when she would come).他问我他什么时候会来。
I don’t know (who it is on the other side of the phone).我不知道电话那边是谁。
3、用连接词 if 或 whether 引导,以探知语气陈述未知情况是否属实。如:
I wondered (if/whether he was at home).我想知道他是否在家。
Iam not sure (whether or not he will be invited to the party).我不敢肯定他是否受到邀请参加聚会。
常见的疑问词:
where:哪里(状语)
what :什么
when:问时间 (回答用At/ On...等)
which:哪一个,哪个
who :谁 ( 回答用He is...She is... They are...等)
whom: 谁(宾格)
whose:谁的 (回答用It is.. These/Those are等)
why: 为什么 (回答用Because,问原因)
How:怎么样(回答用形容词,问程度)
记法:特殊疑问词的开头一般是wh或h。
扩展资料:
宾语从句的连接词:that
结构:主语+谓语+宾语(陈述语序)
注意:
1、引导词为that ;
2、语序为v.+主语+谓语+由if、whether引导宾语从句;
3、主句为现在时 从句为任意时态。
从属连词:
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether,和疑问词(what, how, where, when ...)。
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句。
if和whether,whether...or not引导表示“是否”的一般疑问句的宾语从句。
连接代词:
连接代词主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。
连接代词一般指疑问,但what,whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述。
连接副词:
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等。
例句:
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。
注:宾语从句通常跟在名词或代词后面。
学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。 连接词一般都是that(指事物或人),which(指事),who(指人)
1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。
2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether。在whether…ornot结构中不能用if替换。
3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。
注意:当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他三:判断时态情况:
1.主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况。
2.主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意:从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时。
宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如:
He said (that) he wanted to stay at home.
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill.
I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which和连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如:
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting foe?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如:
I want to know if (whether) he lives there.
He asked me whether (if) I could help him.
宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如:
I hear (that) physics isn’t easy.
I think (that) you will like this school soon.
Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?
Please tell me when we’ll have the meeting.
宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。
如:
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where he is.
Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去将来时,过去完成时)。例如:
He asked what time it was.
He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.
He asked if you had written to Peter.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。例如:
Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year.
Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.
【中考范例】
1. (2004年北京市中考试题) Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002.
A. where does she live B. Where she lives
C. where did she live D. where she lived
【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。宾语从句应用陈述句的语序和时态,所以应选D。
2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)Would you please tell me ________?
A. when did he come home
B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film
D. why he didn’t watch the game
【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。主句用的实际上是现在时,宾语从句在这个句子里应用陈述句的语序和一般过去时。
3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)I don’t know when __________.
A. will the train leave B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave D. the train leave
【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序和时态。只有B在语序和时态上符合要求。
4. (2004年常州市中考试题)---We don’t know _____________.
---It is said that he was born in Sweden.
A. what he is B. if he lives here
C. where he comes from D. which country is he from
【解析】答案: C。该题考查的是宾语从句的语序。按照他们谈论的话题可知:他们说的是某人是哪里人。A和B可以排除掉。D的语序不对,只有C正确。
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
1.宾语从句的连接词
① 连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句。
② 连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
③ 连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
2.动词的宾语从句
① 大多数动词都可以带宾语从句。
② 部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句。
③ 动词短语也可以带宾语从句。
常见的这些词有: make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心
keep in mind牢记
3.可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
① 动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that从句后置。
② 有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it。
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
③ 若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替。
4.介词的宾语从句
多数以wh-类、that,if引导从句。
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
5.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:
sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
6.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
①当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
②当宾语从句较长时;
③当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
④当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;
⑤当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
⑥当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;
⑦当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
⑧当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;
⑨当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;
⑩当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;
⑾在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时。
7.宾语从句的否定转移
① 主句是谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,
guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
② 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
where is the room --I dun know where the room is
which is the best way --I dun know which is the best way
who am i .---I dun know who I am.
-
宾语中做主语时,当然不用改变语序。
请问为什么有的特殊疑问词的宾语从句像what how why可以不用陈述句语序...
有些特殊疑问句做宾语从句不用变语序是因为特殊疑问词在句中本身就是主语。He asked who had cleaned the room.这里的who就是从句主语,这个句子本身就是陈述语序。这样的特殊疑问词常是疑问代词,疑问副词在句中不可能做主语,也就不可能是陈述语序。
宾语从句反义疑问句的用法归纳
宾语从句反义疑问句的用法归纳如下:陈述部分为宾语从句时,反义疑问句的用法 ⑴A 主句主语为第一人称时,并且谓语动词是believe 、think 、suppose 、imagine、expect 等——反义疑问句部分的主语和谓语与 从句保持一致(此时,还要注意否定转移)B 主句主语为第一人称时,并且谓语动词是除了believe 、think...
...从句什么时候是if\/whether,什么时候用that,什么时候用特殊疑问...
是一般疑问句用 whether\/if 。宾语从句后是陈述句用 that 连接。以下是宾语从句的相关介绍:宾语从句(OBJECT CLAUSE)是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。语法是语言...
英语宾语从句,要求that 2句,if、whether各一句,特殊疑问词两句
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮 He told me (that )he would go to college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学.if型的:I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.whether型:Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.特殊疑问型:He ...
带有陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句的宾语从句的规则
My friend asked me if I had enough time to walk my dog.如果问句表示“建议”,可用动词suggest或advise加宾语从句或适当结构来完成.如:“Shall we arrive there at dusk?” → She suggested we should arrive there at dusk.3.直接引语是特殊疑问句时,间接引语为原连接代词(副词)引导的宾语...
特殊疑问句改定语从句怎么改
特殊疑问句是一个疑问句,例如:What is the man doing? 那个人在正在干什么?定语从句是一句话作定语,通常放在名词后面,例如:This is the man who teaches us English. 这就是教我们英语的那个人。你觉得特殊疑问句能改定语从句吗?
...为宾语从句时,有一些语序不变的特殊用法(特殊疑问句的),怎样区别...
看那个特殊疑问词是不是那句特殊疑问句的主语。。。如:What's wrong with you?改的话就是:I wonder what's wrong with you.
关于宾语从句,陈述语气特殊情况
4、由特殊疑问词(wh…)引导(要注意用陈述语气)如:He asked me,“Where is Mr. Wang?”---He asked me where Mr. Wang was.(二)、过语序关 做宾语从句的句子不管原来是什么语序,在充当宾语从句时都要用陈述语序,即:“引导词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。如:1、Tom said. He is ...
特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句用主谓语序吗
(回答用At\/ On...等)which:哪一个,哪个 who :谁 ( 回答用He is...She is... They are...等)whom: 谁(宾格)whose:谁的 (回答用It is.. These\/Those are等)why: 为什么 (回答用Because,问原因)How:怎么样(回答用形容词,问程度)记法:特殊疑问词的开头一般是wh或h。
英语什么情况下可以用特殊疑问词+不定式?
你好,"特殊疑问词+不定式"结构是一种固定结构,是宾语从句的简略形式。如 what to do 表示"做什么",where to go"去哪里","how to use the computer"如何使用这台电脑。诸如此类的意思都可以用这种结构。当然,句子依然是陈述语气。例句: I don't know how to solve this problem. 我...
漕是香砂: where is the room --I dun know where the room is which is the best way --I dun know which is the best way who am i .---I dun know who I am. - 宾语中做主语时,当然不用改变语序.
勉县19560391642: 宾语从句的语序一般疑问句和特殊疑问句作为宾语从句时的语序什么的,求回答~ - ?
漕是香砂:[答案] 陈述语序包括连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分或:连接词+主语+系动词+表语+其它 这里的who is the fattest girl 就是主系表结构的陈述语序 ,who在这里作主语 请采纳.
勉县19560391642: 初三英语宾语从句问题,1.我想问特殊疑问句做宾语从句时,从句的语序是什么,我的英语老师说是主+谓 例:I want to know what you were doing at that time.... - ?
漕是香砂:[答案] 第一个对了的,特殊疑问句做宾语从句时,只应该用陈述语序的.比如你问题中的句子I want to know what you were doing at that time.宾语从句是what you were doing at that time.这个句子未做宾语从句之前的语序应该是...
勉县19560391642: 关于英语的几个问题在宾语从句中,从句中的特殊疑问句,一般疑问句是按怎样的规则转换成陈述句语序的?Can啊do啊是怎样转换的? - ?
漕是香砂:[答案] 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词提前,后面还原成正常语序. 一般疑问句:加引导词if/whether,后面还原成正常语序. 注意的问题 有两点: 1.if的用法有限制,要知道哪几种情况不能用. 2.时态!这个是重点+考点.
勉县19560391642: 当宾语从句是一个特殊疑问句时,如何处理 - ?
漕是香砂:[答案] 特殊疑问句语序是主谓颠倒的对吧,作从句的时候,就把那个特殊疑问句按照正常语序表达,疑问词仍然保留位置. 比如就说who is that man over there? 作为从句就说 I want to know who that man is over there.
勉县19560391642: 什么情况下、宾语从句不改变语序 - ?
漕是香砂:[答案] 当充当宾语从句的句子为以下句子时,①What's wrong?/What's the matter?/What's your trouble?②Which is the way to…?③Who引导的特殊疑问句且who做主语,变为宾语从句时,其语序不变.诺贝尔团队合作 E=mc-TZX
勉县19560391642: 宾语从句中的特殊疑问句地变陈述语序,what'sthematte? ?
漕是香砂: 直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句,宾语从句必须用陈述句语序. 例: She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner 所以what's the matter也要变成what the matter is 例: Although you dont answer me,i still understand what the matter is. 虽然你不回答,我却仍然明白是怎么回事儿.
勉县19560391642: 特殊疑问句做宾语从句、要用陈述句的语序.给举个例举个例子子举个例子、详细点、谢谢 - ?
漕是香砂:[答案] He couldn't tell me where his home was. 后面那句where his home was.如果不是因为宾语从句陈述语序就应该是where was his home 陈述语气就是主语,谓语,.疑问语序就是谓语,主语
勉县19560391642: 什么是特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句语序不变 - ?
漕是香砂:[答案] 陈述句语序不变. 疑问句语序不变的是疑问词作主语的.像who's on duty today? what's wrong with you?这几个
勉县19560391642: 当疑问词提问的是主语或部分主语时,宾语从句的语序不变.(解释一下) - ?
漕是香砂: 你好! 1、当特殊疑问词作句子主语时,特殊疑问句的语序不变,句末用问号: I am reading an interesting book. ——What are you doing? Tom helped us solve the problem. ——Who helped us solve the problem? 2、这类特殊疑问句,变为宾语...