关于加利福尼亚洲的介绍，风景名胜

美国加利福尼亚州有哪些景点~

洛杉矶的拉赛尼格－博莱瓦德大街一带有许多美术陈列馆。旧金山歌剧团和交响乐队以及洛杉矶交响乐队享有国际声誉。好莱坞是全国电影和电视片的主要产地。

美国加州最好玩的十大旅游景点：
　　好莱坞
　　好莱坞(Hollywood)位于加州西南部、洛杉矶的邻近地区，是世界著名的电影城市，这里是电影的梦工厂，是影迷的朝圣地。

　　迪士尼乐园
　　世界上第一个现代意义上的主题乐园——迪士尼乐园(DisneylandPark)就诞生在加州。

　　纳帕谷
　　加州一直是世界葡萄酒版图中重要的组成部分。纳帕谷(NapaValley)享有加州最慷慨的阳光，是美国第一个能够跻身于世界级的葡萄酒产地。

　　优胜美地
　　优胜美地(Yosemite)公园是美国三大国家公园之一，国画大师张大千巧妙地将英文名字结合这里的景色，译为“优胜美地”。
　　洛杉矶
　　被称作“天使之城”的洛杉矶(LosAngeles)是加州最大的城市，也是全美第二大都会区，它不仅是世界知名的娱乐中心，也是文化气息浓郁的世界级城市。
　　旧金山金门桥
　　当越过太平洋进人北美大陆的旧金山时，首先映人眼帘的便是一座飞架于海湾之上的巨型吊桥，这就是闻名遐迩的金门桥(GoldenGateBridge)。以此为标志的旧金山可以说是加州最浪漫的大城市。
　　棕榈泉
　　棕榈泉(PalmSprings)不仅是一片沙漠绿洲，更是一处休闲度假天堂，豪宅、餐厅、酒吧、饭店、商店以及高尔夫球场遍布其间。
　　温泉SPA
　　无论南加州还是北加州，众多天然温泉星罗棋布，带来自然的健康享受。美国第一间完善服务的SPA度假村就诞生在加州。
　　比佛利山庄
　　比佛利山庄(BeverlyHills)的高级住宅区汇聚了世界的明星富豪，这里也是他们最爱的购物天堂，诸多名牌精品店，可容易让人刷爆卡。
　　斯坦福大学
　　斯坦福大学(StanfordUniversity)是美国一所私立大学，被公认为世界上最杰出的大学之一。占地35平方公里，是美国面积第二大的大学。

　　科罗拉多大峡谷（Colorado，the Grand Canyon）
　　科罗拉多大峡谷是一个举世闻名的自然奇观，位于美国西部亚利桑那州西北部的凯巴布高原上，大峡谷全长446公里，平均宽度16公里，最大深度1740米，平均谷深1600米，总面积2724平方公里。由于科罗拉多河穿流其中，故又名科罗拉多大峡谷，它是联合国教科文组织选为受保护的天然遗产之一。
　　大峡谷是科罗拉多河的杰作。这条河发源于科罗拉多州的落基山，洪流奔泻，经犹他州、亚利桑那州，由加利福尼亚州的加利福尼亚湾入海。全长2320公里。“科罗拉多”，在西班牙语中，意为“红河”，这是由于河中夹带大量泥沙，河水常显红色，故名。
　　科罗拉多河的长期冲刷，不舍昼夜地向前奔流，有时开山劈道，有时让路回流，在主流与支流的上游就已刻凿出黑峡谷、峡谷地、格伦峡谷，布鲁斯峡谷等19个峡谷，而最后流经亚利桑那州多岩的凯巴布高原时，更出现惊人之笔，形成了这个大峡谷奇观，而成为这条水系所有峡谷中的“峡谷之王”。
　　科罗拉多大峡谷的形状极不规则，大致呈东西走向，总长349公里，蜿蜒曲折，像一条桀骜不驯的巨蟒，匍伏于凯巴布高原之上。它的宽度在6公里至25公里之间，峡谷两岸北高南低，平均谷深1600米，谷底宽度762米。科罗拉多河在谷底汹涌向前，形成两山壁立，一水中流的壮观，其雄伟的地貌，浩瀚的气魄，慑人的神态，奇突的景色，世无其匹。1903年美国总统西奥多-罗斯福来此游览时，曾感叹地说：“大峡谷使我充满了敬畏，它无可比拟，无法形容，在这辽阔的世界上，绝无仅有。”有人说，在太空唯一可用肉眼看到的自然景观就是科罗拉多大峡谷。
　　科罗拉多大峡谷全长443千米，谷底最深处为1600千米，宽度在200~29000米之间。早在5000年前，就有土著美洲印第安人在这里居住。大峡谷岩石是一幅地质画卷，反映了不同的地质时期，它在阳光的照耀下变幻着不同的颜色，魔幻般的色彩吸引了全世界无数旅游者的目光。
据称大峡谷1869年被美国独擘炮兵少校约翰�6�1卫斯莱�6�1鲍威尔带领的一支探险小分队发现。1903年美国总统西奥多�6�1罗斯福来此游览时，曾感叹地说：“大峡谷使我充满了敬畏，它无可比拟，无法形容，在这辽阔的世界上，绝无仅有。”1919年，威尔逊总统将大峡谷地区辟为“大峡谷国家公园”(Grand Canyon National Park)，1980年列入世界遗产名录。大峡谷山石多为红色，从谷底到顶部分布着从寒武纪到新生代各个时期的岩层，层次清晰，色调各异，并且含有各个地质年代的代表性生物化石，又被称为“活的地质史教科书”。大峡谷以小科罗拉多河为起点，是全长2190千米的科罗拉多河强烈的侵蚀切割形成的19个主要峡谷中最长最宽最深的一个，也是最著名的一个，
　　大峡谷两岸都是红色的巨岩断层，大自然用鬼斧神工的创造力镌刻得岩层嶙峋、层峦叠嶂，夹着一条深不见底的巨谷，卓显出无比的苍劲壮丽。更为奇特的是，这里的土壤虽然大都是褐色，但当它沐浴在阳光中时，在阳光照耀下，依太阳光线的强弱，岩石的色彩则时而是深蓝色、时而是棕色、时而又是赤色，总是扑朔迷离而变幻无穷，彰显出大自然的斑斓诡密。这时的大峡谷，宛若仙境般七彩缤纷、苍茫迷幻，迷人的景色令人留连忘返。峡谷的色彩与结构，特别是那气势磅礴的魅力，是任何雕塑家和画家都无法模拟的。

英文介绍：
California, state in the western United States, bordering the Pacific Ocean. The third largest state in the Union, California covers an area of great physical diversity in which uplands dominate the landscape. The mountains, hills, ridges, and peaks of California flank the coastline, rise to nearly 4,600 m (15,000 ft) in the towering Sierra Nevada, encircle the great fertile basin of the Central Valley, and separate the desert into innumerable basins. However, despite the physical dominance and economic value of the uplands, California’s urban areas and economic production are concentrated in the valleys and lowlands, such as in the huge metropolitan region centered on Los Angeles, the state’s largest and the nation’s second largest city. Manufacturing, agriculture, and related activities are the principal sources of income. They are based in large part on the state’s wealth of natural resources, its productive farmlands, its large and highly skilled labor force, and its ability to market its output both at home and abroad.

California’s size, complexity, and economic productivity make it preeminently a state of superlatives. It has the lowest point in the country, in Death Valley, and the highest U.S. peak outside of Alaska, Mount Whitney. Among the 50 states it has the greatest number of national parks and national forests, and the only stand of giant sequoias. Its annual farm output is greater in value than that of any other state, and it leads the rest of the nation in the production of many crops. It is the leading state in volume of annual construction and manufacturing. California has more people than any other state and more automobiles, more civil aircraft, and more students enrolled in universities and colleges.

Between the late 1940s and late 1980s the rate of growth and actual growth of California’s population and economy were phenomenal compared with other states. However, this growth also gave rise to, or aggravated, several major problems that now face Californians. Much of the growth occurred in the dry south where water shortages must be offset by vast, expensive public projects delivering water from the wetter north. Urban centers extended outward into good farmland, forever removing it from food production. In addition, as population continues to increase, California is faced with the problem of providing its inhabitants with more schools, hospitals, water, highways, recreational facilities, and other services.

The name California was first used to designate the region by the Spanish expedition led by Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, as it sailed northward along the coast from Mexico in 1542. The name itself was probably derived from a popular Spanish novel published in 1510 in which a fictional island paradise named California was described. The state’s official nickname is the Golden State, referring to the gold rush, which played a central role in California’s entry into the Union on September 9, 1850, as the 31st state. The nickname also suggests the state’s golden fields and sunshine.

风景名胜
RECREATION AND PLACES OF INTEREST

Outdoor recreation has long played an important part in Californian life, and the state’s numerous recreational facilities are heavily used by both visitors and residents. Many of these facilities are found in the national parks, national forests, state parks, municipal parks, and other areas set aside for public use by the federal, state, and local governments. Lumbering, hunting, and fishing are regulated in these areas, many of which serve as preserves for the state’s forests, wildlife, and other natural resources.

A National Parks

Merced River, Yosemite National Park The Merced River winds past spectacular granite rock formations such as Half Dome in California’s Yosemite National Park.David Orbock/Village Gallery

Among California’s eight national parks are some of the most frequently visited parks in the country. Yosemite National Park covers 3,100 sq km (1,200 sq mi) of scenic wild lands, including alpine wilderness, three groves of giant sequoias, and the glacially carved Yosemite Valley, with its impressive waterfalls, cliffs, and unusual rock formations. Sequoia National Park, located in central California, is home to the 84-m (275-ft) General Sherman giant sequoia, considered the most massive tree in the world. Its circumference measured directly above the ground flare is 25 m (83 ft). Some of the world’s tallest trees grow in the Redwood National Park in the northwestern portion of the state. Joshua Tree National Park has a representative stand of Joshua trees and other desert vegetation. More of California’s dramatically beautiful landscapes can be found in Kings Canyon National Park, located in the Sierra Nevada and containing two enormous canyons of the Kings River. In stark contrast is Death Valley National Park, which encompasses the lowest land surface in the Western Hemisphere and the place where the country’s record high temperature was recorded.

Yosemite Valley, Yosemite National Park Millions of years ago, the Merced River carved the narrow Yosemite Valley, in central California. The glaciers that followed smoothed out the interior and left behind them impressive waterfalls, cliffs, and rock formations.Pat O'Hara Photography

Before the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens in Washington, Lassen Peak, located in Lassen Volcanic National Park, was the most recently active volcano in the contiguous 48 states, erupting periodically from 1914 to 1921. Other signs of volcanic activity, including cinder cones, lava flows, lava tube caves, pit craters, and steam vents, can be found in Lava Beds National Monument, near the Oregon border, and in the Mammoth Mountain area of the eastern Sierra Nevada. Devils Postpile National Monument, also near Mammoth Mountain, contains lava columns up to 18 m (60 ft) high, and Pinnacles National Monument, in the Diablo Range, has rock spires, caves, and a variety of volcanic features.

John Muir Wilderness, California The Sierra National Forest is south of Yosemite in California. Pioneer Basin, pictured here, is in the John Muir Wilderness section of the park. Scottish-born John Muir (1838-1914) was an American explorer and naturalist who lobbied for the creation of national parks. He founded the Sierra Club and has several parks named in his memory.Pat O'Hara/ALLSTOCK, INC.

Five of the eight islands in the Santa Barbara channel comprise the Channel Islands National Park. A portion of the park is under water and provides habitat for marine life ranging from microscopic plankton to the world’s largest creature, the blue whale. Also preserving a section of California’s coastal environment is Point Reyes National Seashore about 60 km (about 40 mi) north of San Francisco.

Other national sites commemorate the rich history of California. Cabrillo National Monument in San Diego’s Point Loma district marks the spot where in 1542 Europeans first set foot upon what is now California. Fort Point National Historic Site, which is part of Golden Gate National Recreation Area, contains the fort built in the mid-1800s to prevent any hostile fleets from entering San Francisco Bay. San Francisco Maritime National Historical Park contains a square-rigged sailing ship, steam schooner, three-masted schooner, steam tug, and a paddle wheel tug.

Manzanar National Historic Site, located in the southern Owens Valley of eastern California, commemorates the internment beginning in 1942 of Japanese Americans during World War II. The area from Manzanar south through the Alabama Hills to Lone Pine with the highest part of the Sierra Nevada as a backdrop is one of the most popular film-making locations in the world, and now hosts the Lone Pine Film Festival every October.

One of the country’s earliest crusaders for national parks is remembered in two parks in California. John Muir National Historic Site, in Martinez, preserves the mansion where the naturalist lived. Also recognizing the explorer is Muir Woods National Monument, in Marin County, a peaceful grove of coastal redwoods.

B National Forests

The 18 national forests in California are administered by the United States Forest Service. National forests cover about 8.3 million hectares (about 20.6 million acres). Within the national forests are a number of wilderness areas and wildlife refuges. Los Padres National Forest, the largest national forest wholly within the state, covers 688,000 hectares (1,700,000 acres) in western California. Most of the other larger national forests in California lie in the northern and northeastern parts of the state. Shasta-Trinity national forest, in northern California, lies in a volcanic area culminating in the beautiful snowcapped Mount Shasta. In the northern coastal uplands is Six Rivers National Forest, noted for its groves of redwoods. Extending across the Sierra Nevada along California’s eastern border are Plumas, Tahoe, Eldorado, Stanislaus, and Inyo national forests. Sierra National Forest, in the Sierra Nevada region, preserves stands of giant sequoias.

C State Parks

Hearst San Simeon Monument William Randolph Hearst, American publisher and political figure, founded the largest chain of newspapers in the United States. Hearst invested much of the earnings from his newspaper empire in the estate he called Enchanted Hill. Today, his estate is called Hearst San Simeon State Historic Monument, and visitors can admire Hearst’s collection of ancient art, a Roman temple, and various beautiful pools including the Neptune Pool, shown here.Michael J. Howell/ProFiles West

The California state park system includes about 128 units. The largest in area is Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, covering 243,000 hectares (600,000 acres) of desert and mountain country in southern California. Humboldt Redwoods State Park, in the northwest, is the best known of the several state parks that preserve some of the tallest remaining stands of redwood trees. Calaveras Big Trees State Park, in the Sierra Nevada, is noted for its fine stands of big trees. Point Lobos State Reserve, south of Monterey, preserves a rockbound stretch of the Pacific Coast, which forms, with its varied wildlife, a magnificent outdoor natural-history museum.

Hearst San Simeon State Historical Monument, nestled in the wooded hills overlooking the Pacific, midway between San Francisco and Los Angeles, preserves the lavish residence and estate of the former journalist and publisher William Randolph Hearst. Among the many California state parks of historic interest is Columbia Historic State Park, in the tiny village of Columbia just north of Sonora. Columbia has been preserved as a typical example of a Mother Lode mining community during the gold rush.

D Other Places to Visit

Disneyland, in Anaheim, California Named for its creator, Walt Disney, Disneyland attracts millions of visitors each year. The theme park opened in Anaheim, California, in 1955. Sleeping Beauty Castle is pictured here.Michael J. Howell/ProFiles West

Among the most popular of California’s other tourist attractions are Disneyland, in Anaheim; Sea World, on the coast near San Diego; the motion-picture studios of southern California; and Chinatown, in San Francisco. Most of the early Spanish missions in California have been preserved and at least partially restored. The Santa Barbara Mission, known for its fine architecture, has been called the Queen of the Missions. Of particular interest to astronomers are California’s Palomar Observatory and Mount Wilson Observatory (see Hale Observatories), and Lick Observatory, among the nation’s major observatories.

Microsoft® Encarta® Encyclopedia 2003. © 1993-2002 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

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