定语从句
定语从句,一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后(先行词)进行修饰限定,就叫做定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。被修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句不同于单词作定语的情况,它通常只能放在被修饰的词(即先行词)之后。
定语 从句由关系词(关系代词、关系副词)引导,关系代词、关系副词位于定语从句句首。
扩展资料:
从句结构
定语从句公式:定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句
先行词:指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词:关系词常有3个作用:
①连接作用,连接主句和定语从句。
②指代先行词。
③在定语从句中担当成分。
参考资料来源:百度百科-定语从句
张老师带你了解什么是定语从句。
张老师带你了解什么是定语从句。
定语从句
定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、 限定性定语从句
1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句
6. when引导定语从句表示时间
〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.
I still remember the first time I met her.
Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.
7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格
8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导
二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立
1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分
2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which
Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。
We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。
3. 有时as也可用作关系代词
4. 在非限定性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物.
一.定语从句及相关术语
1.定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2.关系词:引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。
关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
二.关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who指人,在从句中做主语
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导
(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5) We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
注意:1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
四.关系副词引导的定语从句
1. when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开 用逗号和主句隔开
意义上 是先行词不可缺少的定语,不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明,删除后意思仍完整
译法上 翻译成先行词的定语,“…的…” 通常翻译成主句的并列句
关系词的使用上 A.做宾语时可省略 B。可用that
C.可用who代替whom A.不可省 B。不用that
C。不用who代替whom
限制性定语从句举例:
(1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.
(2) China is a country which has a long history.
非限制性定语从句举例:
(1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.
(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more powerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同
(1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.
他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥)
难点分析
(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况
1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时
(1) Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li has said?
(2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.
(3) All that can be done has been done.
(4) There is little that I can do for you.
注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
(4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰
(1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.
3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
(1) This is the best film that I have seen.
4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时
(1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy,
(2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who
(3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/
5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时
(1) Who is the man that is standing there?
(2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
6. 当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
(1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?
(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句
as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是:
1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。
(1) He married her, as/which was natural.
(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.
2. as 引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思
(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.
(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.
(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don’t believe.
注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which
(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.
3. 当先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用as
(1) I have never heard such a story as he tells.
(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.
(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.
注意:当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同
(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary’s wedding. 她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
(三)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略。
(1) The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.
(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句
(1) There are very few but understand his idea. ( but= who don’t )
(五) 区分定语从句和同位语从句
1.定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系
(1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定语从句
(2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位于从句
2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导,充当成分
(1) The news he told me is true.
(2) The news that he has just died is true.
(3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定语
(4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.
3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以
(1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位语
(2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice.
(3) The fact that the earth moves around the earth is known to all.
(4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth.
希望我的答案能助你一臂之力!!!!!
英语中的定语从句有限制性和非限制性之分。二者在形式上的区别是:限制性定语人句的关系词和先行词之间不用逗号隔开,而非限制性定语从句则有逗号隔开。
限制性定语从句的作用是用来提供必要的信息,以说明定语从句所修饰的先行词的身分或性质,或用来限制先行词所指的范围。若去掉限制性定语从句,则主句部分的含义不明确或意义不完整。如:
I don”t like people. 这句话意思不明确,因此其后边必须加一个限制性定语从句,才能使句义完整。如:
I don”t like people who are never on time.
非限制性定语从句的作用是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息, 只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或说明。若去掉此定语从句,整个主句意义很明确,不会引起误解和歧义。如:
My mother, who is 50 this year, lives with me now.
以上句中的定语从句是对它前面的先行名词进行补充说明的,向读者提供附加的信息,不能变为限制性定语从句。如:
My mother who is 50 years now lives with me now.
这句话会让人误解为“我有好几个母亲,目前和我隹在一起的是今年50岁的那位母亲)
在非限制性定语从句中,有一个关系代词不能用,即that, 它在限制性定语从句中既可以指人也可以指物,但在非限制性定语从句中,指人要用who, 指物要用which, 就是不能用that.
其他关系代词的用法相同。如:
The food, which wasn”t in the fridge, all went off.
I know a friend whose brother is a pop singer.
I like the people who I work with.
We are studying sentences which contain adjective clauses.
I'll never forget the day when we first met in the park.
非限制性定语从句用which不用that
限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉 主句的意义就不完整或失去意义 这种从句呵主句的关系十分密切。写时不可用逗号分开
非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切,只是对先行词作附加的说明 如果去掉,主句的意思仍然很清楚
简单地说 一个有逗号(非限定) 一个没逗号(限定) 还有一点,非限定性的引导词永远不能用that 俺上高一 知识含量有限。。。
两个例句你就明白了
she is mary's mother,who is watching tv.
she is the woman who found out mary.
her mother是独一无二的,她只有一个妈.之后的加非限定性定语从句,只是做一个补充说明.
woman是有好多好多的,这时候只要加限定性定语,限定指到的仅仅只是那个找到mary的那一个女人.
非限定性定语从句可以去掉,主句独立成句,意思基本不受影响.
比如:she is mary's mother.大家都明白.
限定性定语从句如果去掉,主句就莫名其妙了.
比如:she is the woman.这就让人不知所云.
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表语从句例句:表语从句定义:在一个复合句中,从句作的是主句的表语成分。A、The problem is puzzling.这个问题令人困惑。主语+连系动词+形容词作表语 The problem is when we can get a pay rise.问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。主语+连系动词+句子作表语(表语从句)B、连接表语从句的连接词...
什么是状语从句 什么是表语从句
状语从句是一句话在句子中充当状语,可以分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,让步状语从句等。表语从句是一句话在句子中作表语。二者的位置不同。状语从句一般可在句首和句尾;表语从句属于名词性从句,位置在系动词后边或者是需要进一步解释和说明的名词的后边。
如何区分主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句
宾语从句:一句话来做主句中动词的宾语。可以这样理解:这个宾语不是一个词或短语作的,而是一句话。如:he said he was a student.he was a student 做said的宾语。状语从句:根据其在句中的成分可以分为好几种情况:时间,条件、原因等等。主语从句:一个句子在复合句中充当一个主语,那么这个句子...
倚蓓威麦: 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种.状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句...
高碑店市19785046542: 一句话解释什么叫定语从句先解释什么叫定于在解释什么叫从句然后解释什么叫定语从句 - ?
倚蓓威麦:[答案] 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的. 主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词 从句(Subordinate Clause)是复合句中不能独立成句,但具有主语部分和谓语部分,由that、who、whom,when,why,where.how,which等引导词(...
高碑店市19785046542: 定语从句的概念 - ?
倚蓓威麦: 内容提要 定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种.状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式...
高碑店市19785046542: 定语从句是什么??
倚蓓威麦: 定语从句是:用来修饰名词或者代词的句子叫做定语从句
高碑店市19785046542: 定语从句到底是什么啊?我不要那种太术语的定义,可不可以给我举一些汉语和英语的例子,就比如说一句汉语(英语)中,哪些是定语从句,哪个是关... - ?
倚蓓威麦:[答案] 定语就是修饰一个事物的词比如说:我永远不会忘记我们在一起的日子I never forget the days that we spent together其中(the days)是先行词也就是“的"后面的“日子”若是汉译英不理解的话,可以找“的”后面的那一...
高碑店市19785046542: 定语从句.which .in which.on which .of which分别怎么用.最好附上例句. - ?
倚蓓威麦:[答案] 这些都是定语从句里面,由which引导的定语从句,介词提前. in which可以翻译成在„„里面 of which可以翻译成……的 on which可以翻译成在„„的上面,或具体时间的某一天 这些介词的使用除了意思上的区别,具体是要以which引导的从句而定的....
高碑店市19785046542: 什么是定语从句?
倚蓓威麦: 定语从句是指在主从复合句中用做定语的从句.定语从句通常修饰名词或代词,对它进行限制、描绘和说明.受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词.分为限制性和非限制性定语从句.
高碑店市19785046542: 定语从句是什么?
倚蓓威麦: 就是在句子中,用一个从句做定语成分(老大,不要问我什么叫定语) 例如:I know the boy who is playing basketball (定语从句)who is playing basketball 这个从句在整个句子中作定语
高碑店市19785046542: 定语从句的具体语法 - ?
倚蓓威麦: 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出