求初二上学期英语语法

跪求初二上学期英语重点语法~

八种时态的具体用法： 一般现在时 表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 ① 一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) ② 表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) ③ 表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车) ④ 在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) ⑤ 一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 ⑥ 一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it. ⑦ 人的心理活动和感官动作一般用一般现在时而不用现在进行时表达,常见动词有：like, love, hate, dislike, want, wish, hope, think(认为),understand, remember, forget, mean, need, hear, feel, see. 如：I think it is going to snow.(我想天要下雪了)/ I really hope you can enjoy your stay here.(我真的希望你愉快地呆在这儿) 一般过去时 表示过去某时发生的动作或状态,这种动作或状态可能是一次性,也可能经常 发生。 ① 表示过去具体时刻发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：at (eight) (yesterday morning),(ten minutes) ago, when引导的时间状语从句。如：I got up at 6：00 this morning.(我是早上六点钟起床的)/ Little Tom broke the window at half past nine this morning.(小汤姆今天早上九点半把窗子打破了)/ When he went into the room,he saw a stranger talking with his father.(他走进房间时发现一个陌生人正和他父亲谈话) ② 表示过去一段时间内不知何时发生的一次性动作时,时间状语有：yesterday, last (year等), in (1998 等)。如：He came to our city in the year 2000.(他2000年来到我们市) ③ 表示过去一个阶段中经常发生的事情时,时间状语有：last…, in…, from…to…, for(10 years),often,usually, sometimes, always, never等。如：Mr Jackson usually went to evening schools when he was young. / Every day he went to the rich man and borrowed books from him. ④ 讲故事、对过去经历的回忆、双方都明白的过去事件等一般用过去时,而且经常省略时间状语。如：I happened to meet Rose in the street.(我正好在街上遇到露西) 一般将来时 表示将来某一时刻或经常发生的动作或状态。 ①一般将来时的时间状语有：tomorrow,this (afternoon),next (year),one day,now,soon, someday,sometime, in the future, when引导的从句等。 ② 用will构成的将来时,表示动作与人的主观愿望无关。“shall”用于第一人称,“will” 用于所有人称。如：I will graduate from this school soon.(我很快就要从这所中学毕业了)/ You will stay alone after I leave.(我走了之后你就要一个人过了) ③ “am/is/are going to+动词原形”表示打算或准备要做的事情,或者主观判断即将要发生的事情,而“am/is/are to +动词原形”表示安排或计划中的动作。如：A man told them that the woman was to give birth to the special baby.(有一个人告诉他们那个妇女就会生下那个特别的男孩)/ It’s going to rain soon.(天快要下雨了) ④ 表示一个人临时决定要做某事,可以用will表达。如：I will go to the lab to get some chemicals(化学药剂). So please wait until I return.(我要到化学实验室去取些药品,请等我回头) ⑤ 现在进行时、一般现在时也可以表示将来。(见相应时态) ⑥ shall和will 在口语的一些疑问句中相当于情态动词。Shall一般与第一人称连用,will与第二人称连用。如：Shall we go to the zoo next Saturday?(我们下周六去动物园好吗？)/ Will you please open the door for me?(替我把门打开好吗？) ⑦ “be to +动词原形”表示按照计划将要发生的事情。如：An angel came to tell her that she was to have this special boy. (4)现在进行时 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作或是现阶段正发生而此刻不一定在进行的动作。 ① 现在进行时由“助动词be (am is are ) +现在分词”构成。 ② 现在进行时的时间状语有： now, this …, these…等,但经常不用。如：What are you doing up in the tree?(你在树上干什么？)/ I am writing a long novel these days.(我最近在写一本长篇小说) ③ 表示即将发生的动作,一般指近期安排好的事情。常见的动词有：come, go, stay, leave, spend, do等。如：I’m coming now.(我就来)/ What are you doing tomorrow?(你明天干什么？)/ He is leaving soon.(他就要走了) ④ 表示频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He is always borrowing money from me and forgetting all about it some time later.(他老是向我借钱,过一些时候就忘得一干二净) (5)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 ① 过去进行时由“was(第一、三人称单数)或were(第二人称单数和各人称的复数)+现在分词”构成。 ② 过去进行时的时间状语有：then, at that time, this time yesterday, at (eight) yesterday (morning),(a year) ago, 以及由when引出的时间状语从句。如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭)/ The little girl was playing with her toy when I saw her.(我看到小女孩的时候她正在玩玩具) ③ 用于宾语从句或时间状语从句中,表示与主句动作同时进行而且是延续时间较长。句子中通常不用时间状语。如：She was it happen when she was walking past.(她路过时看到事情的发生)/ They sang a lot of songs while they were walking in the dark forest.(他们在黑暗的森林里走时唱了很多歌) ④ 也可以表示过去一个阶段频繁发生或反复进行的动作,常与always等频度副词连用,以表示赞扬、不满或讨厌等感情色彩。如：He was always borrowing money from me when he lived here.(他住在这里时老向我借钱) (6)现在完成时 现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 ①在完成时由“助动词have (has)+动词的过去分词”构成。 ②表示发生在过去的对现在仍有影响的动作时,时间状语有：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画)/ He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) ③表示在过去开始一直延续到现在(可能延续下去)的动作或状态时,时间状语有：for (two years),since 1990, since (two weeks ago)和since引导的状语从句。如：I have been away from my hometown for thirty years.(我离开家乡有30年了)/ Uncle Wang has worked in the factory since it opened.(自从这家工厂开张,王叔叔一直在那儿工作) ④口语中have got往往表示have(有)的意思。如：They have got thousands of books in their library.(他们图书馆有上万本书) ⑤have been to与have gone to的区别：have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里,have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。如：--Where is Mr Li? –He has gone to the UK.(李先生在哪里？他去了英国。)/ --Do you know something about Beijing? –Yes,I have been to Beijing three times. (你知道北京的情况吗？是的,我去过那里三次。) ⑥在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 瞬间性动词的完成时 → 延续性动词或状态动词的完成时 have (already) gone to… have been in / at … for (two years) has come to… has been here since (1990) (had) left… (had) been away from… arrived… been in… died been dead begun been on ended been over bought... had… borrowed… kept… joined… been in … 或者使用下面这个句型：It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 [注意] 在其它的时态中也存在类似问题,记住,关键是：瞬间动词不能和表达一段时间的状语连用。如：How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow) (7) 过去完成时 过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 ①过去完成时由“助动词had+动词的过去分词”构成。 ②过去完成时时间状语有：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came.(当老师来的时候他们已经打扫完了教室)/ The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了) ③过去完成时常用于宾语从句中、after引导的从句中,或者从句是before引导的主句中。如：After I had put on my shoes and hat,I walked into the darkness.(我穿上鞋子戴上帽子走进了黑暗之中)/ He said that he had never seen a kangaroo before.(他说他以前从来没有见过袋鼠) (8) 过去将来时 过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 ①过去将来时由“助动词should(第一人称)或would(第二、三人称)+动词原形”构成。在美国英语中,过去将来时的助动词一律用“would +动词原形”。 ②过去将来时常由于宾语从句中,时间状语有：later, soon, the next (day). ③在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中不可以使用过去将来时,而应该使用一般过去时。如：He promised that he would pay me a lot if I helped him with the project.(他答应付给我许多钱如果我帮助他搞那个项目)/ Every time when he was free,he would sit down and read some books.(每次只要他有空他就会坐下来看看书) ④表示纯粹的将来时用would或should,表示打算或主观认为的事情用was/were going to (+动词原形)。如：She told me she would be 18 the next month.(她告诉我她下个月就18岁了)/ She told me that she was going to have a walk with her pet dog.(她告诉我她打算带她的宠物狗去散步) ⑤过去将来时还可以表示一个过去经常性的动作。如：When it rained in the day, he would bring an umbrella with him.(白天下雨时他会随身带一把雨伞) (9)现在完成进行时：现在完成进行时指一个从过去就开始一直延续到现在并由可能继续下去的动作,它具有现在完成时和现在进行时双重特征,结构是：“have/has + been +动词的现在分词”。如：I have been swimming in the cold water for about two hours.(我已经在冰冷的水里游了将近两个小时)/ How long have you been waiting here?(你在这里一直等了多久？)

1) leave的用法

1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：

When did you leave Shanghai?

你什么时候离开上海的？

2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：

Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.

下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：

Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?

你为什么要离开上海去北京？

2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用

should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：

How should I know? 我怎么知道？

Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？

should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：

We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。

我们在使用时要注意以下几点：

1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：

You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。

2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：

You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。

3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：

We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。

She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。

3) What...? 与 Which...?

1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：

What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？

该句相当于：

What does your father do?

What is your father's job?

Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？

---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。

2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：

What color do you like best? （所有颜色）

你最喜爱什么颜色？

Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的范围）

你最喜爱哪一种颜色？

3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：

Which pictures are from China?

哪些图片来自中国？

4) 频度副词的位置

1.常见的频度副词有以下这些：

always（总是，一直）

usually（通常）

often（常常，经常）

sometimes（有时候）

never（从不）

2.频度副词的位置：

a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：

David is often arrives late for school.

大卫上学经常迟到。

b.放在行为动词前。如：

We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.

我们每天经常在7：10去上学。

c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：

Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.

有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。

3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：

Never have I been there.
5) every day 与 everyday

1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：

We go to school at 7:10 every day.

我们每天7：10去上学。

I decide to read English every day.

我决定每天读英语。

2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.

她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

What's your everyday activity?

你的日常活动是什么？

6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would

7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do

1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off

C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。

2.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?

8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.

1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

9) 对两个句子的提问

新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：

句子：The boy in blue has three pens.

提问：1.Who has three pens?

2.Which boy has three pens?

3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?

很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如：

句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.

提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?

4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?

5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?

6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?

10) so、such与不定冠词的使用

1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：

He is so funny a boy.

Jim has so big a house.

2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：

It is such a nice day.

That was such an interesting story.

11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况

1.在进行时态中。如：

He is watching TV in the room.

They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.

2.在there be结构中。如：

There is a boy swimming in the river.

3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：

We have fun learning English this term.

They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

4.在介词后面。如：

Thanks for helping me.

Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下结构中：

enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事

finish doing sth 完成做某事

feel like doing sth 想要做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事

forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

go on doing sth 继续做某事

remember doing sth 记得做过某事

like doing sth 喜欢做某事

keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事

find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事

try doing sth 试图做某事

need doing sth 需要做某事

prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事

mind doing sth 介意做某事

practice doing sth 练习做某事

be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事

miss doing sth 错过做某事

12) 英语中的“单数”

1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如：

he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle
2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：

man（单数）---men（复数） banana（单数）---bananas（复数）

3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：

go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如：

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.
12) 英语中的“单数”

1.主语的第三人称单数形式，即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如：

he, she, it

my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle

2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如：

man（单数）---men（复数） banana（单数）---bananas（复数）

3.动词有原形，第三人称单数形式，-ing分词，过去式，过去分词。如：

go---goes---going---went---gone

work---works---working---worked---worked

watch---watches---watching---watched---watched

当主语为第三人称单数的时候，谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如：

The boy wants to be a sales assistant.

Our English teacher is from the US.

1) leave的用法
1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如：
When did you leave Shanghai?
你什么时候离开上海的？
2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London.
下周五，爱丽斯要去伦敦了。
3.“leave+地点+for+地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing?
你为什么要离开上海去北京？
2) 情态动词should“应该”学会使用
should作为情态动词用，常常表示意外、惊奇、不能理解等，有“竟会”的意思，例如：
How should I know? 我怎么知道？
Why should you be so late today? 你今天为什么来得这么晚？
should有时表示应当做或发生的事，例如：
We should help each other.我们应当互相帮助。
我们在使用时要注意以下几点：
1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如：
You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。
2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如：
You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服，你最好去看医生。
3. 用于表示可能性。should的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。例如：
We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。
She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。
3) What...? 与 Which...?
1. what 与 which 都是疑问代词，都可以指人或事物，但是what仅用来询问职业。如：
What is your father? 你父亲是干什么的？
该句相当于：
What does your father do?
What is your father's job?
Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如：
---Which is Peter? 哪个是皮特？
---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。
2. What...?是泛指，所指的事物没有范围的限制；而 Which...?是特指，所指的事物有范围的限制。如：
What color do you like best? （所有颜色）
你最喜爱什么颜色？
Which color do you like best, blue, green or yellow? （有特定的范围）
你最喜爱哪一种颜色？
3. what 与 which 后都可以接单、复数名词和不可数名词。如：
Which pictures are from China?
哪些图片来自中国？
4) 频度副词的位置
1.常见的频度副词有以下这些：
always（总是，一直）
usually（通常）
often（常常，经常）
sometimes（有时候）
never（从不）
2.频度副词的位置：
a.放在连系动词、助动词或情态动词后面。如：
David is often arrives late for school.
大卫上学经常迟到。
b.放在行为动词前。如：
We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天经常在7：10去上学。
c.有些频度副词可放在句首或句尾，用来表示强调。如：
Sometimes I walk home, sometime I rides a bike.
有时我步行回家，有时我骑自行车。
3.never放在句首时，主语、谓语动词要倒装。如：
Never have I been there.
我从没到过那儿。
5) every day 与 everyday
1. every day 作状语，译为“每一天”。如：
We go to school at 7:10 every day.
我们每天7：10去上学。
I decide to read English every day.
我决定每天读英语。
2. everyday 作定语，译为“日常的”。
She watches everyday English on TV after dinner.
她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。
What's your everyday activity?
你的日常活动是什么？
6) 什么是助动词
1.协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。
助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：
He doesn't like English. 他不喜欢英语。
（doesn't是助动词，无词义；like是主要动词，有词义）
2.助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：
a. 表示时态，例如：
He is singing. 他在唱歌。
He has got married. 他已结婚。
b. 表示语态，例如：
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国。
c. 构成疑问句，例如：
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗？
Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？
d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句，例如：
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他。
e. 加强语气，例如：
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。
3.最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would
7) forget doing/to do与remember doing/to do
1.forget to do 忘记要去做某事。 (未做)
forget doing 忘记做过某事。 (已做)
The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off.
办公室的灯还在亮着，它忘记关了。(没有做关灯的动作)
He forgot turning the light off.
他忘记他已经关了灯了。 ( 已做过关灯的动作)
Don't forget to come tomorrow.
别忘了明天来。 (to come动作未做)
典型例题
---- The light in the office is still on.
---- Oh，I forgot___.
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
答案：C。由the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth.而forget doing sth 表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。
2.remember to do 记得去做某事 (未做)
remember doing 记得做过某事 (已做)
Remember to go to the post office after school.
记着放学后去趟邮局。
Don't you remember seeing the man before?
你不记得以前见过那个人吗?
8) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.
1.for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2.of sb 的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
3.for 与of 的辨别方法：
用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如：
You are nice. (通顺，所以应用of)。
He is hard. (人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)
9) 对两个句子的提问
新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势，现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。例如：
句子：The boy in blue has three pens.
提问：1.Who has three pens?
2.Which boy has three pens?
3.What does the boy in blue have?
4.How many pens does the boy in blue have?
很显然，学生多了更多的回答角度，也体现了考试的灵活性。再如：
句子：He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday.
提问：1.Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
2.Where does he usually go with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
3.What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday?
4.With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday?
5.What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday?
6.When does he usually go to the park with his friends?
10) so、such与不定冠词的使用
1.so与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“so+形容词+a/an+名词”。如：
He is so funny a boy.
Jim has so big a house.
2.such与不定冠词a、an连用，结构为“such+a/an+形容词+名词”。如：
It is such a nice day.
That was such an interesting story.
11) 使用-ing分词的几种情况
1.在进行时态中。如：
He is watching TV in the room.
They were dancing at nine o'clock last night.
2.在there be结构中。如：
There is a boy swimming in the river.
3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：
We have fun learning English this term.
They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
4.在介词后面。如：
Thanks for helping me.
Are you good at playing basketball.
5.在以下结构中：
enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事
finish doing sth 完成做某事
feel like doing sth 想要做某事
stop doing sth 停止做某事
forget doing sth 忘记做过某事
go on doing sth 继续做某事
remember doing sth 记得做过某事
like doing sth 喜欢做某事
keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事
find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事
try doing sth 试图做某事
need doing sth 需要做某事
prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事
mind doing sth 介意做某事
practice doing sth 练习做某事
be busy doing sth 忙于做某事
can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事
miss doing sth 错过做某事

2.decide on doing sth 决定做某事
They decide on flying kites.
他们决定放风筝。
3.decide on sth 就某事决定......
Betty decided on the red skirt.
贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。
4.decide的名词形式为decision，结构：make a decision，意为“做决定”。如：
He has made a decision.
他已经做一个决定了。
43) too many,too much与much too
1.too many意为“太多”，用于修饰可数名词的复数。如：
There are too many students in our class.
我们班上有太多的学生。
2.too much意为“太多”，用于修饰不可数名词。如：
We have too much work to do.
我们有太多的工作要做。
3.much too表示“太”，用来修饰形容词或副词。如：
The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.
箱子太重了，所以我搬不动它。
44) can的用法
1.表示能力。如：
We can carry the heavy box.
我们可以搬得动箱子。
Who can sing an English song?
谁会唱英文歌？
2.表示惊讶、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如：
Can it be true?
这会是真的吗？
You can't be serious?
你不会当真吧？
3.表示允许，意思与may相近，主要用于口语中。如：
Can I smoke here?
我可以在这儿吸烟吗？
Can I go with him?
我可以跟他一起去吗？

新目标版初二上英语常用句型
1. 否定句型
1) 一般否定句
I don't know this. No news is good news.
There is no person (smoke)/not a person/not any person (smoke) in the house.
2)特指否定
He went to his office, not to see him.
I am sorry for not coming on time.
I don't think/believe/suppose/feel/imagine you are right.
3)部分否定
All the answers are not right//All is not gold that glitters
I don't know all of them.//I can't see everybody/everything.
Both of them are not right.
4)全体否定
None of my friends smoke.//I can see nothing/nobody.
Neither of them is right.//Nothing can be so simple as this.
5) 延续否定
You didn't see him, neither/nor did I.
You don't know, I don't know either.
He doesn't know English, let alone/to say nothing of/not to speak of (更不用说) French.
6) 半否定句
We seldom/hardly/scarcely/barely hear such fine singing.
I know little English. I saw few people.
7) 双重否定
You can't make something out of nothing.//What's done cannot be undone.
There is no sweet without sweat.//No gain without pains.
I can't help /keep/ laughing whenever I hear it.
No man is so old but (that) he can learn.
8)排除否定
Everyone is ready except you.//He did nothing but play.
But for your help, I couldn't do it.
9)加强否定
I won't do it at all.//I can't see it any more.//He is no longer a boy.
2. 判断句型
1) 一般判断句
It is important for us to learn English.
It is kind of you to help me sincere means honest.
The boy is called/named Tom.
We regarded/consider it as an honor.
2)强调判断
It is English that we should learn.//It is he who helped me a lot.
3)弱式判断
Your sentence doesn't sound/look/appear/feel right.
You look/seem as if/as thought you had been there before.
Maybe/Perhaps/ she is ill.
He is probably ill.//He is likely ill. //It is possible that he is late
4) 注释判断
He can remember so many English words, that is (to say) he is a living dictionary.(活字典)
5) 正反判断
That sounds all right, but in fact it is not.
6) 比较判断
It is more a picture than a poem.
7) 互斥判断
He or you are wrong. Either he is right or I am.
3. 祝愿祁使句式
1) 一般句式
Study hard and keep fit. Be brave! Don't be shy! Get out of here.
2)强语式
Do tell me. Never tell a lie.
3) 委婉祈使句
Please tell me the true. Would/Will/Won't do me a favor?
Would/Do you mind my smoking? What/How/ about going on foot?
4)建议祈使句
Let us go. Let us know the time. Don't let the fire out.
Let's not waste the time. You'd better start early.
Shall we listen to some music? Why don't you get something to drink?
Suppose/supposing you pick me up at about six?
I suggest we (should) take the train.
5)祝愿句
Success to you! //Wish you a good journey.
May you have a happy marriage. //Here's to your success!
Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship!
4. 感叹句型
How well he speaks! //How kind she is! //What a nice weather it is!
Here he comes! //Such is life! //Wonderful! // Help!
5. 疑问句型
1) 一般疑问句
Is he a doctor?//Do you the way to the station?
2)反意疑问句
He is a teacher, isn't he?//It is quite cheap, don't you think?
3) 特殊疑问句
What is the distance/width/size/population/temperature/fare?
Who is he? What is he?(干什么的)//What is he like? // How is he?
How do you like him? //What do you think of him?
What ever do you mean by saying this?
4)选择疑问句
He is a doctor or a nurse?
5)间接疑问句
Do you know how old he is? //Tell me if (whether) you like it.
What do you think/say/suppose I should do?
6. 数词句型
1) 表数目
It is exactly ten o'clock.//It is five miles away from here.
He is more than/over/ at least not less than 20.
He is under/at most/no more than 20.
2)表年月日
He was born on April 22 1994/in 1994 on the morning of Oct.1.
3)表年龄
He is 20 years old/years of age.//He is at the age of 10.
4)表倍数
It is four times that of last years.
This is four times as big (again) as that one.
This is four times bigger than that one.
The income is double what it was.
The output of coal was 200% greater than in 1998.
5)表计量
It is 10 meters long/wide/high.//It costs me 100 yuan.
I spent 10 hours to finish it.//It took me 10 days to finish it.
It is worth 100 yuan.
7. 关联指代句型
1)两项关连
I have two books, one is Chinese; the other English.
I have five books, one is Chinese; the others English.
To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another.
One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend.
Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball.
2)先后顺序
First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in your study, third/thirdly good luck in everything.
First stop, then look, finally cross.
At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent.
3)修饰限制
This is the same book as I lost yesterday.
This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本书)
Don't trust such a man as over praise you.
He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear.
A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much.
The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world.
4) 两项连接
He can speak not only English but also French.
The book is both interesting and instructive.
It is neither cold nor hot.
Please either come in or go out.
The old worker has experience and knowledge as well.
5)加和关系
Besides literature, we have grammar and writing.
Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air.
In addition to "if", there is many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clauses.
I must go now, incidentally, if you want that book.
You seem to like tea, so do I.
8. 比较句型
1)等比句
He is as tall as I. // He is the same height as I.
She is no less diligent than he. The lab is no better than a cottage.
2) 差比句
I speak English worse than he does.//He is not so/as tall as I am.
Our knowledge is much inferior to their.
3) 极比句
He is the tallest of all in the class.
None/No one/ is so blind as those that won't see.
Nothing is so easy as this.
4)比例句
The more a man knows, the more he feels his ignorance(无知).
5) 择比句
He is taller than any other boy in the class
It is better late than never.//They would die than live as slaves
He prefers doing to talking//He prefers to do rather than to talk.
He prefers mathematics to English.//I'd rather stay here.
6)对比句
You think me idle, but on the contrary, I am busy.
They are working hard while you are wasting your time.
9. 比喻句型
We must work like him.//He behaves as his father does.
He speaks English as if/though he was a foreigner.
10. 条件假设句
1) 一般事实
If we succeed, what will the people say?
Suppose it rains, what shall we do?
Persevere(坚持) and you'll succeed.
2)虚拟条件句
If I were you, I would go.//If you had seen it, you would have been moved.
3)反条件句
Unless you try, you'll never succeed.//Don't move, or/else/otherwise I'll shot.
4)唯一条件句
If only I have another chance, I shall do better.
Only in this way can we learn English well.
So/As long as we don't lose heart, we'll succeed.
5)推论条件句
Since that is so, there is no more to say.
Now that you are grown up, you must stop this behavior.
11. 时间句型
1)一般时
When I see him, I'll tell him.
2) 表同时
You'll grow wiser as you grow older.
Work while you work, play while you play.
He worked, at the same/in the meantime he listened to the music.
3)限制时
Every/each time when I went to his house, he was out.
By the time that we got there, he was out.
4)交替时
Sometimes he sings, sometimes he dances.
At one time the baby cries, at another it talks.
5)先时
I stopped hem before he began to talk with me.
6)后时
I'll tell you after I finish it.
7)紧接时
As soon as I see him, I'll tell him.
Once you begin, you must continue.
The (very) moment/instant (that) I saw him, I recognized him.
On hearing the news, she bust into tears.
Hardly had I seen the light, when I heard a loud thundering.
8)延续时
I haven't seen him since I came here.
A friend is never know till/until a man have need.
12. 地点句型
1) 一般地点
Where have you been?
Where there is a will, there is a way.
2)方位
Hebei lies in the east of China.
Japan is lies to the east of China.
The house faces (to) the south.
He is sitting at the front of the classroom
He is standing in front of/before me.
He is sitting at the back of/behind me.
He is sitting in the back of/at the rear of the classroom.
He is sitting next to/besides me.
He is sitting close to/near me.
At the top of/On top of the shelf, there are some books.
He is sitting on the left/right.
The mountain you see to the right is the Purple Mountain.
13. 原因句型
He didn't go to school because he was ill.
Since we are all here, let's begin our meeting.
It might rain yesterday, for the ground was wet.
Now (that) we have finished the work, we can go home.
I am glad to meet you.
I am sorry that I hear that.
Thank you for your help.
That is why he failed to come.
He didn't come because of/on account of the weather.
He went out of curiosity.
I succeeded thanks to his help.
This failure is due to the fact they lack experience.
Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled.
What are studying English for?
For what reason did you choose this?
What's the point of asking his to do that?
How come you never told me about it?
What with the wind and what with the rain, our walk was spoiled.
14. 目的句型
He stopped aside so that she could go in.
He sits in the front in order that he can see words clearly.
He gets up early so as to/in order to have time to do exercises.
He repeated it for fear that there should be any mistake.
15. 结果句型
It was very cold, so that the river froze.
They cost a lot of money, so/therefore we use them carefully.
He is such a good man that every one likes him.
He ran so fast that no one could catch him.
He hurried to the house only to find that it was empty.
I was caught in the rain. As a result, I had a bad cold.
16. 程度句型
How often do you write to your parents?
How long do you stay at home?
It is so beautiful that we all love it.
It is too big for you.
He is too excited to speak.
He is not old enough to know this.
The letter must be sent as soon as possible
You must work as hard as you can.
As far as I know, I can speak only English.
17. 让步句型
Though/Although he is rich, (yet/still) he doesn't show off.
Yang as he is, he know a lot of things.
Even if/though he succeeded, he was not proud.
No matter what you say, I'll still try to do it.
Keep calm, whatever happens.
In spite of this, we must go ahead with our plans.
Regardless of all the difficulties, we'll fight it out to the end.
18. 转折句型
I searched everywhere but could not find him.
You may go, only return quickly.
He is seriously ill, still there is hope of his recovery.
It looked like rain, however it was clear in the afternoon.
He is still young, yet he is high up in the position.
He didn't tell me the truth, I know it, though.
19. 省略句
I think/say/suppose/expect/believe/hope so.
Why not come earlier next time?
这个在背一背 看一看考试就ok了！

市场上有这样的书，而且是初中的高中的都有，我看过了，还是很不错的，全面，系统，你不妨买一本，上了高中也能用，名字忘了，好像是中学语法大全之类的名字吧，挺厚的一本书，自己去书店里找找

那东西简单死了

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