英语问题一个,动名词
第一个句子中my riding his bike做句子的宾语,my做riding his bike的定语。
第二个句子him做宾语,shouting是宾补,when he is angry是条件状语。
my换成me可以的,换了以后me是宾语,riding his bike是宾补。
him也可以换成his,换了后his成了shouting的定语,而his shouting整个做宾语。
相当与两个句子结构互换了,呵呵。
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。动名词有时态和语态的变化。
解释:动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词。
[编辑本段]一、动名词的作用
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。
1、作主语
Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣。
Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在这种工作条件下工作不是愉快而是痛苦。
动名词作主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如:
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。
It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。
It was hard getting on the crowded street car. 上这种拥挤的车真难。
It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。
There is no joking about such matters. 对这种事情不是开玩笑。
动名词作主语的几种类型
动名词可以在句子中充当名词所能充当的多种句子成分。在这里仅就动名词在句子中作主语的情况进行讨论。
动名词作主语有如下几种常见情况:
1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如:
Swimming is a good sport in summer.
2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。
动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如:
It is no use telling him not to worry.
常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。
注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。
3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:
There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。
4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:
No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ).
No parking.
5. 动名词的复合结构作主语
当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(——这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
6.例词
shopping fishing cycling这些都是很常见的动名词
二、动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较
动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作,不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较:
Smoking is not good for health.
It is not good for you to smoke so much.
注意:
1)在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见。
2)在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语:
It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.
*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.
3)在疑问句中,通常用动名词的复合结构,而不用不定式的复合结构作主语:
Does your saying that mean anything to him?
*Does for you to say that mean anything to him?
4)在“There be”句型中,只能用动名词,而不能用不定式作主语:
There is no telling what will happen.
It is impossible to tell what will happen.
5)当句子中的主语和表语都是非限定动词时,要遵循前后一致的原则,主语和表语在形式上要求统一:
Seeing is believing.
*To see is to believe.
2、作宾语
(1)作动词的宾语
某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, can’t stand, be used to, get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to等。如:
They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走,说个不停。
I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。
(2)作介词的宾语
We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。
Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我们休息呢还是开始干活?
(3)作形容词的宾语
The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。
We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。
3、作表语
动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。
Your task is cleaning the windows. 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)
What I hate most is being laughed at. 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。 (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)
4、作定语
动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:
a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing
a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading
a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring
sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping
[编辑本段]二、动名词的逻辑主语
带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,要在动名词之前加上物主代词或名词所有格,这便构成了动名词的复合结构。其中物主代词(名词所有格)是逻辑上的主语,动名词是逻辑上的谓语。动名词复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等,分别相当于一个主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句。如:
Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.)
Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简这么粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.)
What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they have not enough food.)
在口语中,如果动名词复合结构作宾语,其中的物主代词常用人称代词宾格,名词所有格常用名词普通格来代替,但在句首作主语时不能这样来代替。如:
Would you mind my/me using your computer? 用下你的电脑介意吗?
The father insisted on his son’s/his son going to college. 爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。
Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset. 玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急。
His (不可用Him)smoking made his family angry. 他抽烟使他一家人非常生气。
在下列情况下动名词的逻辑主语必须用名词的普通格或人称代词宾语:
a.无命名词
The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被猛烈的关门声吵醒。
b. 有生命名词但表示泛指意义
Have you ever heard of women practising boxing? 你听说过妇女练拳击吗?
c. 两个以上的有生命名词并列
Do you remember your parents and me telling about this? 你记得你父母和我都告诉过你这事吗?
[编辑本段]三、动名词的时态和语态
动名词的时态和语态如下:
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
writing
being written
完成式
having written
having been written
其否定形式是在doing前加上not
1、动名词一般式表示的动作通常是一般性动作,即不是明确地发生在过去、现在或将来的动作,或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的动作。如:
I hate talking with such people. 我讨厌与这样的人说话。
Being careless is not a good habit. 粗心不是一个好习惯。
2、动名词的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如:
I don’t remember having met him before. 我记不得以前见过他。
Thank you for having taking so much trouble to help. 谢谢你费力帮忙。
3、动名词的逻辑主语同时也是动名词动作的承受者,动名词用被动语态。
(1)它的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,或在其前发生。如:
I don’t like being laughed at in public. 在公共场合下,我不喜欢被别人嘲笑。
(2)它的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。如:
I am very pleased at your having been honoured with a medal. 我很高兴你能获得这样的奖牌。
(3)在某些动词,我们常用动名词的一般式表示完成式,尽管动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,这似乎是一种强大的习惯。如:
Excuse me for being late. 我来晚了请你原谅。
I don’t remember ever meeting somewhere. 我记不得原来在什么地方见过。
Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢给我们这么大的帮助。
(4)在多数情况下都避免使用动名词被动语态完成式,而用一般式代替,以免句子显得累赘,尤其是在口语中。如:
I forget once being taken (having been taken ) to the city zoo. 我曾被带到过这个动物园,可我忘了。
(5)动名词被动语态一般式与现在分词被动语态一般式同形,但无进行意义,being不可省略。如:
She is afraid of being taken to the public. 她怕被领到大众面前。
[编辑本段]四、常见题型:
1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数
2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词
3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语
例:
I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon.
A.you to call B.you call C.you calling D.you’re calling(Key:C;换成your calling也对)
4) 有些词后只能接动名词
admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can’t help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...
5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法
it’s no good; it’s no/little/hardly any/ use; it’s not/hardly/scarcely use; it’s worthwhile; spend money/time; there’s no; there’s no point in; there’s nothing worse than; what’s the use/point...
6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可
remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。
例:
remember to do/doing:
①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作)
②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)
forget与remember的用法类似。
regret的用法:
①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……)
②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。)
try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验):
①You really must try to overcome your shyness.
②Try practicing five hours a day.
[编辑本段]五、动名词与现在分词的同与不同
动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如:
Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .
(现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.
(动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
区别:
1、动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:
①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:
My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)
②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:
The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.
2、动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:
动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较:
①a swimming boy和a swimming suit
前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming ,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming , 动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。
②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car
前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping ,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping ,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。
被动语态
一、 被动语态的用法:
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态:to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:
1. 先找出谓语动词;
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to 。
例:make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定,或是间接宾语加被动语态再加只接宾语。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him. 或是I was given a book by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him. 或是i was shown a ticket by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 或是Lwas bought a new bike by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse
呵呵 复制的当然很详细
to+动词 和 动词ing形式都可以放在句首
但是他们最根本的区别是在句意上
to+动词表示 将要去做某事
动词ing表示 正在做某事
To be a teacher is my dream (将要)当个老师是我的梦想
Being a teacher is my job (正在)做个老师是我的工作
楼上的好详细啊……我来简单地说一下:
其实你所说的在句首的情况是这样的,动词+ing是动词不定式的一种。
动词不定时一般来说就是把“动词当作名词用”,比如说主语应该是名词,如果想让一个动词作主语(就是让这个动词所代表的这个动作或行为作主语)就要用不定式。
不定式一般有两种,一种是动词前面加to,另一种是ing.
像你说的放在句首的话,通常to和ing都可以啦。
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一个名词后跟动词ing或ing短语,该动词ing或ing短语有可能是动名词的复合结构 也有可能 是现在分词作定语,须在句子中 判断 2者之间的区别是 前者指的是动名词所表达的这件事情 后者指的是现在分词 所修饰的 名词2.有的动词后面跟动名词,如mind,keep等,有的动词后面加不定式,如want,care等...
一个句子中可以有几个动名词?可以把几个动词变成动名词?
2. "I enjoy singing, dancing, and playing music."(我喜欢唱歌、跳舞和演奏音乐。)这里有三个动名词"singing"、"dancing"和"playing",它们都表示不同的活动。需要注意的是,动名词的使用要符合上下文和句子的语法要求,确保句子结构正确、逻辑清晰。如果还有其他问题,请随时提问。我会尽力帮助您。
动名词与分词是什么?
1.动名词用作主语(例句中,斜体部分为主语。)Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。2.有时it作形式主语,把...
动名词作主语,谓语动词要怎么用呢
1、动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用三单形式。如:Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.在这种工作条件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。2、动名词作主语,在动词的基础上加...
动名词 现在分词 异同
(一)动名词和现在分词的相同之处:都是非谓语的一种,都可以作定语。当动名词作定语时,一般表示用途。如:a reading room,意为“阅览室”;a dining room, 意为“餐厅”;a waiting room, 意为“候车室”。当现在分词作定语时,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。如:a sleeping boy, 一个...
一个英语问题
逻辑主语就是不一定是出现在句子里的那个主语,但却是能真正发出该句子动作的人 分词的独立结构从形式上看来 就是现在分词或者过去分词的一个短语,这个结构自身不带主语的话,那么这个分词的动作一定要是句子的主语能够发出的动作;当它自己带主语的时候,就可以不一致了,也就成了我们常说的独立主格...
戏文博坦: 楼上的好详细啊……我来简单地说一下: 其实你所说的在句首的情况是这样的,动词+ing是动词不定式的一种. 动词不定时一般来说就是把“动词当作名词用”,比如说主语应该是名词,如果想让一个动词作主语(就是让这个动词所代表的这个动作或行为作主语)就要用不定式. 不定式一般有两种,一种是动词前面加to,另一种是ing. 像你说的放在句首的话,通常to和ing都可以啦.
纳溪区17256644911: 初一英语语法的一个问题,动名词我记得老师说什么like,love后面的动词加ing就变动名词还有什么?另外还有个问题,什么时候用to - ?
戏文博坦:[答案] enjoy be fond of like love都是喜欢后面跟doing. 初中应该不会分的那么细应该都可以相互替代的to do表示喜欢做某事(特定时间),doing表示喜欢做某事,喜欢做某事(爱好)的下面有一种比较简单的记忆方法.当表示喜欢某...
纳溪区17256644911: 英语动名词作主语问题Hold on to your dream and then you will sureiy achieve it.1、为什么这个句子里hold不用用动名词作主语?2、那在什么情况下要用动名... - ?
戏文博坦:[答案] 这是个祈使句 所以 hold 要用 原形 一般的句型 动词作主语时 都用 动名词
纳溪区17256644911: 一个英语语法问题动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后.例如: It is no use telling him not to worry. 常见的能用于这种结构... - ?
戏文博坦:[答案] 你的理解是对的.这里说的“这种结构”是指“It is + 名词或形容词 + 动名词”,这种结构的使用范围很有限.你提到的 It is better to do sth ,也是可以的,但用的是动词不定式.相比之下,“It is + 名词或形容词 + 动词不定式”的使用范围要大得多.
纳溪区17256644911: 英语单词动名词的问题、?
戏文博坦: 动词(v.)→名词(n.) (a)词形不变,词性改变 例如:work, study, water, plant等可以用作动词(工作,学习,浇水,种植),也可以用作名词(工作,学习,水,植物). (b)一些动词在词尾加上-er或-or之后就变成了表示"某一类人"的名词 ...
纳溪区17256644911: 动名词做主语的问题有这样一个句子It Is easy to learn English但是我不知道可不可以写成一下几种形式1.To learn English is easy 2.Learning English is easy3.... - ?
戏文博坦:[答案] 1句型虽然在语法上没有错,但是英国人不这么说,美国人也不这么说,所以就是不存在的句型.2句型是正确的,但是3就不对了,it is+adj+to do是正确的.一般情况下都用it is+adj+to do.而2句型也可以用,和to do形式相比,2句型...
纳溪区17256644911: 在英语中 什么叫动名词 - ?
戏文博坦: 动名词:指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词. 动名词可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰.动名词有时态和语态的变化. 英语中的动名词是由动词变化而来.一方面保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用...
纳溪区17256644911: 【英语动名词选择题】1.(Take )exercise every day because it's good for our health. Take 为什么不用Taking? 谢! - ?
戏文博坦:[答案] 1.原因很简单:因为主句是个祈使句,当然用动词原形开头. 2.该句并非用take exercise做主句主语,如果如此的话,则主句谓语都没有了. 3.因为every day是时间状语,而because it's good for our health是原因状语从句,这两者都不可能做谓语.
纳溪区17256644911: 回答英语问题时可以用动名词形式吗 - ?
戏文博坦: 定义动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词.它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰.动名词有时态和语态的变化.解释:动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词.一、动名词的作用动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语...
纳溪区17256644911: 请教英语中动名词的用法 - ?
戏文博坦: 英语中动名词一般为动词后加ing,与正在进行时中的分词相同,主要表描述 ,但用法与现在分词还是有很大不同的,特点一般大概有2个:1、本身由动词变化而来,因此有与动词的相同的性质:能带自己的宾语、状语等,如果带上宾语、状语...