现在分词做状语 动词不定式和动名词做宾语的区别
动名词可做主语宾语补语定语
现在分词可做合成谓语定语状语
也就是说做主语宾语补语定语就是动名词，做合成谓语定语状语就是现在分词。指是都可以作定语，怎么却分呢？动名词作定语常修饰物体，表物体的特征性质用途，要重读动名词，现在分词常修饰人，表人的动作，要弱读现在分词。a swimming 'girl 现在分词 正在游泳的女孩 a 'swimming pool 动名词 用来游泳的池子 游泳池
不定式to do做状语常跟在不及物动词后面表目的 跟在普通形容词后面表结果 跟在人类情感形容词后表原因状语 常可构成too...to do enough。。。to do表结果
不定式做后置定语常跟被修饰词有逻辑上的动宾关系。
不定式作宾语，其逻辑主语往往就是句子主语。
不定式和分词作状语的区别
（1）现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
He went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别
1)分词作状语一般表示伴随，而不定式常常表示目的。
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan．他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)
They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan．他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)
2)分词作状语放在句子开头，除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因。
Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch．由于在专心读书，他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)
Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before．他仔细读书时，发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)
Reading carefully，you'll learn something new．只要你仔细阅读，你会学到一些新的东西。(条件)
His family was too poor to support him．他的家庭太穷，不能维持他的生活。(结果)
The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf．这男孩个子不够高，手伸不到书架。(结果)
We are glad to hear the news．我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)
（3）下面一些句型是不定式做状语时候应该注意的：
a：not/never too…to, too…not to , but/only too… to, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意义
b：做结果状语的不定式只能出现在句子的末尾，常见的不定式动词有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。
c：不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的主语，否则用for引导主语。
一. 做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句。
1： The dog came in. It followed its master. =The dog came in, following its master.
2：The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.
3：They stood there for an hour, watching the game.
二.原因状语相当于as, since, because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首,句中或句末。
1. He was a brave man. He decided to return to France. = Being a brave man, he decided to return to France.
2：Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
3：Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.
4：Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.
5．Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well.
6. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.
三.时间状语，相当于when, while ,as 等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末。
1： First he returned to France. Then he was put into prison. =After he returned to France, he was put into prison. =Having returned to France, he was put into prison.
2： Having arrived at the factory, they immediately set to work. Be careful when crossing the street.
3： Don’t mention this while talking to him.
4： On arriving in London, he managed to get in touch with her.=As soon as he arrived in London.
5: Having read the letter, she got very excited.
四.条件状语，相当于一个if 等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首。
1： Working hard, you will succeed.
2. If I know anything about it, I will tell you all. =Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all.
3.-I could go and get someone to bring the car.
-No, thanks. I’ll be better if walking
五： 结果状语现在分词表示必然结果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果，前可加only。
1：Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.
2：The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.
3： He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold.
六：让步状语：相当于although, though, even if, even though引起的让步状语从句,常位于句首。
1. Although he had bought a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.
=Buying a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.
2. Though they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.
=knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
七.方式状语分词等于介词with引起的方式状语 或and并列的两个谓语动词.
1.Walking slowly,I approached （靠近）the little = By walking slowly, I approached the little window.
window.
2.He stood leaning against（靠在..上） the wall.=He stood and leaned against the wall.
八：现在分词的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主句中谓语动词之前，若分词所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系，则用having done, 若是动宾（被动）关系，则用having been done.
1；Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.
2: Having been translated into several languages, the book became famous all over the world.
3:Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
4: Having lived in New York for years, I know each part of it very well.
九：现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：generally speaking:一般来讲，frankly speaking : 坦白地说。exactly speaking,严密地讲， 正确地说。 judging from / by…,从….可以判断出来。 considering ….考虑到…
1: Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys.
2: Judging from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries.
十：现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。
现在分词与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
(1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。
1. He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。
2. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。
(2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系.
1. Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。
2. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
别昆仁苏： 现在分词(动词的ing 形式)做状语时,通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系;动词的ing形式表示的动作是次要动作.现在分词可以做时间,条件,结果,让步...
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别昆仁苏： 动名词可做主语宾语补语定语现在分词可做合成谓语定语状语也就是说做主语宾语补语定语就是动名词,做合成谓语定语状语就是现在分词.指是都可以作定语,怎么却分呢?动名词作定语常修饰物体,表物体的特征性质用途,要重读动名词,...
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