《理智与情感》的简介

《理智与情感》的简介~

　　Sense and Sensibility is a novel by Jane Austen that was first published in 1811. It was the first of Austen's novels to be published, under the pseudonym "A Lady." The novel has been adapted for film and television a number of times, most notably in Ang Lee's 1995 version.

　　Plot introduction
　　The story concerns two sisters, Elinor and Marianne Dashwood (Elinor representing "sense" and Marianne "sensibility"). Along with their mother and younger sister Margaret, they are left impoverished after the death of their father, and the family is forced to move to a country cottage, offered to them by a generous relative.

　　Elinor forms an attachment to the gentle and courteous Edward Ferrars, unaware that he is already secretly engaged. After their move, Marianne meets Willoughby, a dashing young man who leads her into undisciplined behaviour, so that she ignores the attentions of the faithful (but older) Colonel Brandon. The contrast between the sisters' characters is eventually resolved as both find love and lasting happiness.

　　Publisher Comments:
　　A timeless tale of romantic manners and mores in which two vastly different sisters experience love and loss under the rigid view of British society.


　　The life and work of Jane Austen
　　Jane Austen was born at Steventon on December 16, 1775, the youngest of seven children. She received her education—scanty enough, by modern standards—at home. Besides the usual elementary subjects, she learned French and some Italian, sang a little, and became an expert needle-woman. Her reading extended little beyond the literature of the eighteenth century, and within that period she seems to have cared most for the novels of Richardson and Miss Burney, and the poems of Cowper and Crabbe. Dr. Johnson, too, she admired, and later was delighted with both the poetry and prose of Scott. The first twenty-five years of her life she spent at Steventon; in 1801 she moved with her family to Bath, then a great center of fashion; after the death of her father in 1805, she lived with her mother and sister, first at Southampton and then at Chawton; finally she took lodgings at Winchester to be near a doctor, and there she died on July 18, 1817, and was buried in the cathedral. Apart from a few visits to friends in London and elsewhere, and the vague report of a love affair with a gentleman who died suddenly, there is little else to chronicle in this quiet and uneventful life.

　　But quiet and uneventful though her life was, it yet supplied her with material for half a dozen novels as perfect of their kind as any in the language. While still a young girl she had experimented with various styles of writing, and when she completed "Pride and Prejudice" at the age of twenty-two, it was clear that she had found her appropriate form. This novel, which in many respects she never surpassed, was followed a year later by "Northanger Abbey," a satire on the "Gothic" romances then in vogue; and in 1809 she finished "Sense and Sensibility," begun a dozen years before. So far she had not succeeded in having any of her works printed; but in 1811 "Sense and Sensibility" appeared in London and won enough recognition to make easy the publication of the others. Success gave stimulus, and between 1811 and 1816, she completed "Mansfield Park," "Emma," and "Persuasion." The last of these and "Northanger Abbey" were published posthumously.

　　The most remarkable characteristic of Jane Austen as a novelist is her recognition of the limits of her knowledge of life and her determination never to go beyond these limits in her books. She describes her own class, in the part of the country with which she was acquainted; and both the types of character and the events are such as she knew from first-hand observation and experience. But to the portrayal of these she brought an extraordinary power of delicate and subtle delineation, a gift of lively dialogue, and a peculiar detachment. She abounds in humor, but it is always quiet and controlled; and though one feels that she sees through the affectations and petty hypocrisies of her circle, she seldom becomes openly satirical. The fineness of her workmanship, unexcelled in the English novel, makes possible the discrimination of characters who have outwardly little or nothing to distinguish them; and the analysis of the states of mind and feeling of ordinary people is done so faithfully and vividly as to compensate for the lack of passion and adventure. She herself speaks of the "little bit (two inches wide) of ivory on which I work," and, in contrast with the broad canvases of Fielding or Scott, her stories have the exquisiteness of a fine miniature.

【内容简介】
《理智与情感》虽是简·奥斯汀的第一部小说，但写作技巧已经相当熟练。故事中的每一个情节，经作者的巧妙构思，表面的因果关系与隐藏在幕后的本质缘故均自然合理。女主人公根据表面现象产生合情合理的推测和判断，细心的读者虽然不时产生种种疑惑，但思绪会自然而然随着好的观察而发展，等着最后结果出现时，与表面现象截然不同，造成了出乎意料的喜剧效果。如果反过来重读一遍，会发现导致必然结果的因素早见于字里行间。
小说的情节围绕着两位女主人公的择偶活动展开，着力揭示出当时英国社会潮流中，以婚配作为女子寻求经济保障、提高经济地位的恶习，重门第而不顾女子感情和做人权利的丑陋时尚。小说中的女主角均追求与男子思想感情的平等交流与勾能，要求社会地位上的平等权利，坚持独立观察、分析和选择男子的自由。在当时的英国，这几乎无异于反抗的呐喊。
如同书名里所体现的那样，故事集中表现了“理智”与“情感”的矛盾冲突。以玛丽安为代表的人物是理智不足而感情有余；以约翰·达什伍德夫妇为代表的人物是理智有余而感情不足；而以威洛比为代表的人物在感情上又是十分虚伪，表面上似乎很有情感，实际上却冷漠无情，自私透顶。作者在故事里对珍重感情的人报以赞扬，尽管对这些人在理智上的欠缺也不时加以讽刺，然而对缺少感情仅有理智或是在感情上虚伪的人，却表现出了鄙夷的态度。作者最终赞赏的是女主人公埃莉诺，因为她即重感情又有理智。这里表现了作者在这个问题上的理想，即是人不能没有感情，但感情应受理智的制约。

【作者简介】
简·奥斯汀（1775～1817）英国女小说家。生于乡村小镇斯蒂文顿，父亲是当地教区牧师。奥斯丁没有上过正规学校，在父母指导下阅读了大量文学作品。她20岁左右开始写作，共发表了6部长篇小说。1811年出版的《理智和情感》是她的处女作，随后又接连发表了《傲慢与偏见》（1813）、《曼斯菲尔德花园》（1814）和《爱玛》（1815）。《诺桑觉寺》和《劝导》（1818）是在她去世后第二年发表的，并署上了作者真名。奥斯汀终身未婚，家道小康。由于居住在乡村小镇，接触到的是中小地主、牧师等人物以及他们恬静、舒适的生活环境，因此她的作品里没有重大的社会矛盾。她以女性特有的细致入微的观察力，真实地描绘了她周围世界的小天地，尤其是绅士淑女间的婚姻和爱情风波。她的作品格调轻松诙谐，富有喜剧性冲突，深受读者欢迎。从18世纪末到19世纪初，庸俗无聊的“感伤小说”和“哥特小说”充斥英国文坛，而奥斯丁的小说破旧立新，一反常规地展现了当时尚未受到资本主义工业革命冲击的英国乡村中产阶级的日常生活和田园风光，尽管反映的广度和深度有限，但对改变当时小说创作中的庸俗风气起了好的作用，在英国小说的发展史上有承上启下的意义。

版本一
　　诺兰庄园的主人去世了，按照家族财产不能分割的传统，把几乎所有财产都给儿子约翰继承，而三个女儿和妻子只能得到很少的一点生活费用。在妻子芬妮的一力主张下，约翰逐步把四个女人赶出了庄园。芬妮的弟弟爱德华来庄园小住，爱上了三姐妹中的大姐埃莉诺，但这段姻缘却受到势利眼的芬妮的百般阻挠，她想方设法阻止他们交往，并将爱德华送去伦敦。

　　母女四人租了约翰爵士的小屋居住，热情的邻居詹宁斯夫人正把布兰登上校介绍给玛丽安娜，希望能促成一段婚姻。布兰登上校有一段辛酸悲惨的往事，他被迫与心上人伊莱札分离， 等到他找到她时， 她已沦为妓女悲惨死去。然而，玛丽安娜却因为正爱着英俊的威洛比而对上校十分冷漠。但威洛比对上校十分敌视，不久就借故离开去了伦敦。而一个名叫露西的女人却突然出现，告诉埃莉诺她与爱德华曾私定终身。

　　在感情上受到折磨的姐妹俩结伴来到伦敦，玛丽安娜意外地看到了威洛比，然而，威洛比对她却情谈意冷，几句话就把她打发了。 布兰登上校告诉埃莉诺，威洛比为人轻薄可恶，造谣中伤伊莱札死后留下的私生女。于是他的姨妈断绝了他经济上的资助以惩罚他。因此，他决不会与玛丽安娜这个没有身份地位和金钱的姑娘结婚的。失意伤心的玛丽安娜在雨中独自漫步，却晕倒在山坡上，幸亏被布兰登上校的救助才化险为夷。

　　爱德华抓住机会向埃莉诺吐露爱意，但埃莉诺却以理智控制了感情，坚持爱德华应对露西守诺言。不料，但这个秘密却被揭露出来，爱德华由此被剥夺了继承权。但正因此，他与埃莉诺的爱情却出现了转机……

版本二
　　作为一家之主的亨利·达什伍德逝世后，其遗产由他与前妻所生的儿子约翰继承。他现在的妻子和三个女儿埃莉诺、玛丽安以及玛格丽特被迫搬迁并变得一贫如洗。约翰的妻弟爱德华的出现打动了埃莉诺的芳心，但这段姻缘却受到势利眼的芬尼的百般阻挠，因为她想让弟弟娶一个门当户对的富家女；玛丽安娜不顾一切地爱上了在雨夜救过她的威勒比，却忽略了布兰登上校那诚挚的爱；玛格丽特天真无邪却体贴人心，默默为大家着想……

版本三
　　本片讲述一个败落的英国庄园主去世后，由于当时的遗产法规定家产只传男不传女，他的三个女儿都面临着扫地出门的命运，如何嫁一个好丈夫便成了她们的燃眉之急。大女儿爱勒诺沉着稳重，为了全家的幸福她深深藏起自己的儿女私情；小女儿玛瑞安率真任性，为了追求爱情甘愿付出。当然最终“理智”和“情感”都得到了真爱。

女主人公埃莉诺既重感情又有理智，她在选择对象时，不重仪表，而讲人品，爱上了为人坦率热忱的爱德华，虽然后来发现爱德华早已同露西订有婚约，尽管极为伤心仍然保持理智。最后，爱德华相继遭到母亲和露西的遗弃，但埃丽诺对他依然一往情深，最终与他结为终身伴侣，获得了真正的爱情。

十九世纪英国现实主义作家奥斯汀的长篇名著。小说以两位女主角曲折复杂的婚事为主线，通过理智与情感的对比，提出了道德和行为的规范问题，并真实精确地再现了当时一个社会阶层的生活风貌。

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