with的复合结构是什么意思
with复合结构是学生学习英语时经常接触的句型，也是高考考查的热点。在高三课本第六、第十单元的Reading部分中，出现了下面的句子。 There was an electric bell that did not work，with a card next to it bearing the name“Mr.James Dillingham Young”。（第十单元） 在这个句子中，with+名词+介词短语构成复合结构在句子中作状语。 Now we were on our feet with another 500 miles to go.（第六单元） 在这个句子中，with+名词+to do构成复合结构在句子中作状语。 1.with复合结构的构成 with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或是代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。 1）With+宾语+介词短语 He was asleep with his head on his arms. 2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系） All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. He lay in bed with his head covered. 3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系） With winter coming on，it's time to buy warm clothes. 4）with+宾语+todo（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义） I can't go out with all these dishes to wash. 5）with+宾语+形容词/副词 With John away，we've got more room. Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on. 2.with复合结构的作用 with复合结构在句子中作状语，表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等。请阅读下面的句子。 1）We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语） 2）She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled.（作原因状语） 3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式状语） 4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning.（作伴随状语） 5）I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.（作原因状语） 6）He sat with his arms clasped around his knees.（作方式状语） 注：with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。 1）There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter） 2）It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance.（作定语修饰a stretch of country） 1. find +宾语+现在分词 She found a wallet lying on the ground. 她发现一只钱包在地上。 If slaves were found living together secretly they were cruelly whipped. 如果奴隶们被发现私自同居，就会受到残酷鞭打。 For most of the day he can still be found working somewhere in the plant. 白天大部分时间人们还发现他在厂里某个地方工作。 He was heartened to find the people living better than ever before. 看到人民生活比过去任何时候都好，他由衷地感到高兴。 2. find +宾语+过去分词 He found the place much changed. 他发现这地方有了巨大的变化。 We found her quite recovered. 我们发现她已完全痊愈。 They found the street lined with people. 他们发现大街两侧都站着人。 Two of the windows were found broken. 发现有两扇玻璃窗被打破了。 Both doors were found locked. 发现两扇门都被锁上了。 3. find +（宾语）+形容词 She was found alone in the room. 发现她一个人在屋里。 He was found dead in the morning. 早上人们发现他已经死了。 I find idioms and useful expressions hard to learn. 我发现习语和有用的短语很难学。 Have you found anything wrong in the article? 文章中你已经发现什么错误了吗？ Which do you find hardest，listening, speaking, reading or writing? 你觉得听、说、读、写哪一方面最难？ 4. find +宾语+副词 I”m so glad I found you in. 发现你在家我真高兴。 He hurried there, but found them all out. 他赶到那里，却发现大家都出去了。 How do find the dish? 你觉得这个菜怎么样？ When the enemy got to the village, they found nobody about. 当敌人进村时发现一个人都不在了。 5. find +宾语+介词短语 They found him already in the care of a doctor. 他们发现已经有一位大夫在照顾他了。 We have gone over the contract and found everything in order. 合同我们已经看过，感到没有问题。 An old worker was found in possession of the papers. 这些文件被发现保存在一位老工人手里。 6. find +宾语+名词 You will find it a difficult book. 你将发现这是一本难懂的书。 You will find it a delightful place to stay. 你会发现这是个令人愉快的地方。 We all find him a very sensible man. 我们都发现他是个很有头脑的人。 7. find +宾语+to be This method was found to be practicable. 大家发现这方法很可行。 He measured the cloth and found it to be the exact size. 他量了一下布，发现大小正好合适。 I found him to be unassuming and easy to get along with. 我发现他没有架子，很好相处。 注：在find +宾语 +to be…这一结构中，to be常可省略。
with复合结构的构成："with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语"构成with复合结构，其中宾语部分可以是名词或代词，宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等。
1 with +宾语 + doing: 宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系，表示正在进行或即将发生的动作，经常性动作或状态
With winter coming on, it's time to buywarm clothes.随着冬天的来临，该买暖和的衣服了。
He felt more uneasy with the whole classstaring at him.全班同学看着他，他感到更不自然了。
With his son so disappointing, the old manfelt unhappy.儿子如此令人失望，老人感不高兴。
With the window facing south, I can have agood view in the flat.窗户朝南，我的公寓视野很好。
She could drink fresh milk, with a boydelivering milk every morning.有个男孩每天早上送牛奶，她可以喝新鲜牛奶。
The young woman, with a baby sleeping inher arms, was wandering in the street.有个年轻的女人，怀里抱着一个婴儿在睡觉，在街上闲逛。
The Yangtze River is very busy with so manyboats and ships coming and going every day.每天长江上各种船只来来往往显得格外忙碌。
2 with +宾语 + done: 宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑动宾关系，不及物动词表示已完成；及物动词表示被动已完成
The boy was crying with the toy broken.玩具破了，那男孩在哭。
With the problem settled, we felt relieved.问题解决了，我们感到轻松。
You should go to sleep with the lightturned off.你应该把灯熄了再睡。
All the afternoon he worked with the doorlocked.整个下午他锁着门工作。
He lay on his back, with his teeth set andhis eyes closed.他仰卧着，咬着牙、闭着眼。
With this problem solved, neomycin 1 is nowin regular production.随着这个问题的解决，新霉素一号现在已常规生产了。
3 with + 宾语 + to do: 宾语与宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系或动宾关系，表示即将进行的动作
He could not finish it with me not to helphim.没有我帮忙，他完不成任务。
With the dictionary to help him, he tried tofinish reading the story-book.借助词典，他想把这本书读完。
So in the afternoon, with nothing to do, Iwent on a round of the bookshops.由于下午无事可做，我就去书店转了转。
With so many essays to write, he won't havetime to go shopping this morning.有这么多文章写，他今天早上将没有时间去购物。
He lay in the dark empty house, with not aman, woman or child to say he was kind to me.他躺在黑暗的空房子里，没有一个男人、女人或孩子会说他对我仁慈。
with复合结构中如果不定式的动作知道是谁执行，又跟with后面的名词或代词是动宾关系，不定式用主动式。
With a lot of work to do, he was not allowedto go out.有许多工作要做，不允许出他去。
I can't go out shopping, with all thesedirty clothes to wash.所有这些脏衣服要洗，我不能出去购物。
with结构中如果不定式的动作不知道由谁执行，又跟with后面的名词或代词是动宾关系，不定式用被动式。
With so many places of interest to be visited,the tourism here is very prosperous.有这么多名胜古迹可以参观，这里的旅游业非常繁荣。
With so many tasks to be completed, thevacation trip was postponed till next weekend.有这么多任务要完成，假期旅行被推迟到下个周末。
4 with + 宾语 + 介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.他把头埋在他的怀里睡着了。
The teacher came in with a book in his hand.老师进来了，手里拿着本书。
He sat near the fire with his back to thedoor.他坐在炉子旁，背朝着房门。
The headmaster was walking up and down withthe ruler under his arm.校长腋下挟着一把尺，走来走去。
BBC English broadcasts programs for Chinawith explanations in Chinese.英国BBC英语广播对中国广播节目有中文解释。
5 with + 宾语 + 形容词
With the floor wet, I had to stay outside.由于地板潮湿，我只得呆在屋外。
He stood in the rain, with his clothes wet.他站在雨中，衣服湿透了。
He doesn't like to sleep with the windowsopen.他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
With the weather so close and stuffy, tento one it'll rain presently.天气这么闷热，十之八九要下雨。
With the door open, the noise of themachine is almost deafening.门开着，机器的噪音几乎震耳欲聋。
6 with + 宾语 + 副词
The boy was walking, with his father ahead.父亲在前，小孩在后走着。
With her sister out, she had to stay at homealone.她姐姐出去了，她只得独自呆在家里。
The little boy sat in front of the house,with his shoes off.这个小男孩脱了鞋子坐在房子前面。
Our school looks even more beautiful withall the lights on.所有灯都亮时，我们学校看上去更美。
The square looks more beautiful than everwith all the light on.所有灯亮起来时，广场看起来比以前更美。
7 with + 宾语 + 名词
He cut the paper with a ruler (as) hisknife.他用尺当刀子裁开了纸。
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世时，他女儿还是个学生。
He left home, with his wife a hopelesssoul.他离家出走了，他妻子十分伤心。
The man fought against the thief with astick (as) a weapon.那男子以木棍作武器同盗贼搏斗。
Many people joined in the work, with someof them women and children.许多人参加了这项工作，其中有些妇女和儿童。
She used to sit there reading in theevening with her pet dog her only companion.她从前总爱在晚上坐在那儿看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
例句：The teacher came in with a book in his hand.老师手里拿着一本书进来了。
With a lot of work to do, I have no time go out with you.(不定 式表将来动作)有许多工作要做，我没时间和你一起出去。
We found the house easily with the little boy leading the way.(现在分词表示主动动作，即分词所表示的动作是由with后的宾语发出来的)
With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily.(过去分词表示被动，with后面的宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系)
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