干货，如何写好雅思大作文开头段

雅思大作文范文：学习历史有用吗~

雅思作文教育类及社会类话题，话题有一定难度。下面是庄子老师提供的该题的雅思大作文范文，供大家参考借鉴。雅思考试中请大家不要盲目照搬范文。History is more than the old stories, myths, or an academic subject for the scholars to write papers or books. Like many other sciences, history not only tells people what have happened before but also functions as a compass to lead human beings in the right course.One of the most important roles that the study of history plays in solving the current human affairs is that it functions as a “rearview mirror”. It shows what is behind you so that you can move forward easily. History is, in essence, the people and their activities, both physical and psychological, in the past. If we accept that the past and the present are not entirely separated, then we have to admit the value of history. Our ancestors have suffered the same troubles, such as disease, disaster, or devil, as what we are confronted with, and their experiences, knowledge, and understanding of nature provide us with invaluable wisdom.It is true that a fewer people claim that history helps people little in unlocking the current problems. They might give a long list of assumed “evidence”. For instance, they say that environmental issues are new, globalization unprecedented, political or economical conflicts fresh, and the like. Nevertheless, they have failed to see that in essence these problems are what our forefathers have experienced. Today people are suffering the same old trouble of poverty, wars, and mental crisis.Therefore, reading history, at least we can find some clues to solve these problems.
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1.丰富词汇
词汇是语言最基本的要素。如果没有一定数量的单词，就写不好作文。要写好一篇文章，就必须善于从大量的词语中选择和使用最恰当的词语。所以扩展和丰富词汇是写作能力的基础。
2.专注于阅读
为了有效地提高英语水平，必须要有大量的阅读。广泛阅读能开阔视野，丰富知识，增强语感，为写作提供必要的语言材料。作文与阅读相辅相成，相互促进。通过作文，可以更熟练地运用这些东西，更准确地表达它们。反过来，这将有效地提高我们的听力、阅读和理解能力。在泛读的基础上，特别要注意精读一些贴近生活的内容。这些文章应短小、简洁、规范。
阅读一些启发性强、能举一反三，有助于写作的范文是很有必要的。对于那些远离现实生活，句子复杂，意义深奥的文章，则不需要花费太多的时间。
3.加强背诵
读好的文章，不是只要理解就足够了，还要在理解的基础上背诵，才能达到掌握、据为已有的效果。尽可能多地背英语句子，背诵可以培养正确使用语言的习惯，增强语感，从而可以避免生搬硬套地写一些中式英语。
4.收录材料
在广泛阅读中，要注意收集写作中经常使用的各种材料。如果你发现可以丰富自己的表达方式，如单词，句子和段落，应该记录下来并整理。
在练习写作时，可以做出必要的改变，灵活选择。经过反复模仿、练习，一定会提高写作能力。
5.写作练习
写作能力必须通过反复练习才能获得。作文可以从模仿开始，模仿作文应该选择那些语言简单、结构简单的作文。在练习写作时，应该尽量使用所学的单词、短语和句型。这将巩固你在课堂上学到的知识，提高你的写作技巧。
使用语言要准确、清楚，如果你对想用的单词或句子有疑问，停下来查一下。只要多读范文，多练习，持之以恒，写作水平就会逐步提高。

在雅思写作中，一个好的开头段不仅抓住读者的注意力，引起阅读兴趣，亦要点明中心论点，统领全文， 其重要性可见一斑。在雅思大作文的写作中， 开头段一般由general statement，argument， thesis statement两部分构成。每个人的情况不同，也可以登录文都国际教育官网进行一对一的咨询。
1General Statement
General Statement的主要作用是介绍写作背景，引入话题。
但是值得注意的是：不能照抄题目，应用同义词、近义词替换题目中的相关词语，
并用不同的句子结构来改写题目中的句子结构。例如：
Example 1:
It is widely believed that mothers are by nature better parents than
fathers. It is therefore more important for mothers to spend time with
children than fathers. Others think fathers make equally good parents.
What is your opinion?
在这个题目中，首先我们可以看到题干表述用了三个句子，首先我们要区分哪句是general statement， 哪句是arguments.
其实很容易发现，通常句中间有明显阐述观点表达的，就是arguments, 而做客观陈述的就是general
statement，其位置一般是题目的第一句。上题中 It is widely believed that mothers are by
nature better parents than fathers，
就是我们要拿来做同义改写，放到我们开头段作为背景的句子。同义改写可以采取以下技巧：
1 同义句型转换。
如 It is widely believed that… 这个句套表达某事情是众所周的，它有很多同义句型，如 It is generally assumed that…, Common knowledge is that…, 等。
2 同义词，近义词，同义结构转换。
如by nature 这个介词词组表达的含义是，自然天性上的，在原句中作为be动词的表语，我们可以改写为一个同义名词词组，nurturing instinct，自然天性的意思。相应的，前面的谓语动词要发生变化，搭配have。
3 造并列结构。
有的时候我们可能发现原题中的表述无论词语还是句型都不是很轻易的可以找出同义结构出来，那么我们可以采取并列结构，即并列两个近义词语义，或者反义词再加否定结构。
上题中的better parents than 可以改为 better or less dispensable parents than
通过上面的三个步骤，我们就可以成功的将原题的背景句改写为我们开头段的general statement。
原题：It is widely believed that mothers are by nature better parents than fathers.
改写完后：It is generally assumed that women have a ‘nurturing
instinct’that somehow makes them better or less dispensable parents than
fathers are.
General Statement常用句型：
With the development of science and technology, great changes have taken place in…in the past few years. (虽常用，但已被滥用，建议减少使用)
Along with the increasingly rapid _____________, more problems are brought to our attention.
The issue of whether or not __________ has been widely/ heatedly/ debated currently/recently.
When it comes to whether …, some… are strongly against it, claiming….
It is generally accepted/ It is indeed the case that most countries have seen an increase in _______ over recent years.
2Argument(争议)
Argument即为题目表述的观点的立场，不同题目的立场表述大有不同。
(1)有的题目中只有一个立场
e.g. Countries with a long average working time are more economically
successful than those countries which do not have a long working time.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
在我们写的开头段，在写完general statement后，直接用One point is that…把原题的立场(countries
with a long average working time are more economically successful than
those countries which do not have a long working time) 同义转述即可。
值得注意的是，这个题目本身没有背景句，所以写general statement的时候，需要我们根据题目的argument进行总结。
亦或者可以general statement 和argument这两个部分合并为一个部分，
这个题目可写成：The issue of whether or not countries with a long average
working hours are more successful in terms of economic development than
those countries which do not have a long working time has been heatedly
debated currently. As far as I am concerned, …
(2)有的题目中包含两个互相否定或者相关的立场
e.g. Some scientists think it is very soon that computers will be
more intelligent than human. Some people think it is a positive
development, while others think it is a negative development. Discuss
both views and give your own opinion.
e.g. Some people think the best way to reduce crimes is to give
longer prison sentence. Others,however, think there are better
alternative ways to reduce crime. Discuss and give your opinion.
这样的题目，在开头段写完general statement后，要把题目双方的立场都转述，不可减少或删除一方立场。
如 Some people think it is a positive development, while others think
it is a negative development. Discuss both views and give your own
opinion.
可以转述为：Quite a few people claim that it has brought great benefits. On
the other hand, those who think differently argue that it inevitably
would has negative influence.
3Thesis Statement (总论点)
Thesis Statement简单来说就是作者对某一写作话题所持的明确观点。例如：
1 In my opinion/ As far as I am concerned/ To my mind, students should wear uniforms in school.
2 While the majority may like to live in a large family, I prefer to the small one.
在雅思写作中，文章的立场，也就是全文的总论点，
主要分两种：有倾向性立场和两边支持
有倾向性(一边倒)
有倾向性的立场一般在文章的开头即表明本文的立场，同意或者不同意，或者多大程度地同意和不同意。
在剑桥雅思的考官范文中，有一个题目涉及对教育免费的商榷：All education,primary, secondary school
and further education, should be free to all people and paid for by the
government. Do you agree or disagree with the statement?
考官在范文的开头段中即明确表明自己的立场：I certainly agree with the statement that this should be the case.
当然，有倾向性的立场还包含让步的观点，这种立场的文章多见于以to what extent do you agree or disagree?提问的论题。
如：Environmental problems should be solved by the government instead
of individuals and private companies. To what extent do you agree or
disagree?
在考官范文的开头段中，立场是这样表明的：I concede that the government should lead the
efforts in addressing the environmental problems. Nevertheless,
cooperation and participation from the cooperations and individual
citizens are essential as well.
让步的立场并不需要纠结于在句子中回答到底agree 或者disagree没有, 清楚的说明自己的观点即可。
值得注意的是，观点有倾向性并不代表思路有局限性。在辩论中，作者既要证明自己的观点，同时也要回应对方的观点，也就是说能够站在不同的角度看同一个事情，并且能看到各自的优劣。
两边都支持
这种文章立场一般常见于discuss both view and give your opinion这种提问方式的题目。立场一般建议在结尾段点明，并且要在结尾段明确题干两者之间的关系。
(4) 开头段的两种常用写作方法
将以上三个部分组合起来，我们步难得出开头段的以下两种写法：
A. General Statement – Positive+Negative Idea – Thesis Statement
The issue of whether or not students should take a part-time job has
been widely/ heatedly debated currently/ recently. Quite a few people
claim that it would not only widen their horizon but also help shape
their personalities. On the other hand, those who think differently
argue that the task of a student is to make good use of his limited time
and acquire necessary knowledge and skill for the future career. As for
me/ As far as I am concerned/ In my opinion, I believe that part-time
jobs play a positive role in the development of university students.
这种方法的一个变形形式是：
General Statement – Opposite Idea – Thesis Statement
Nowadays the incomes of many sport stars are truly astounding. Some
people claim that the salaries of athletes are too high and the athletes
themselves attract too much attention. Yet, in my opinion, such
benefits are well deserved.
B. General Statement – Concession – Thesis Statement
When it comes to whether students should be allowed to work outside
the school hours, some educators vote against it, claiming that
part-time work may have a negative influence on their study. Obviously,
too large amount of time a student is employed may contribute to a poor
academic performance. However, if they do a part-time job over
reasonable hours, it is extremely beneficial for them, providing
financial support for their study and broadening their horizon.
When evaluating a job applicant, most companies would place much
weight on one’s educational certificate. Of course, one’s educational
certificate does tell something about the applicant. However, it is not
the only means through which we can judge whether the applicant is
qualified or not.

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