the principle of survival of the fiffest is one of the major findings ..fit的最高级加the是什么用法
Passage Six (Equality of opportunity in the twentieth Century Has Not Destroyed the Class System)
These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society’. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim.
It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’, and ‘might is right’ are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy’ read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class system is rigidly maintained.
Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunities for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life’. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.
In societies wholly dedicated to the principle of social equality, privileged private education is forbidden. But even here people are rewarded according to their abilities. In fact, so great is the need for skilled workers that the least able may be neglected. Bright children are carefully and expensively trained to become future rulers. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated peasant.
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
[A] Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system.
[B] Equality means money.
[C] There is no such society as classless society.
[D] Nature can’t give you a classless society.
2. According to the author, the same educational opportunities can’t get rid of inequality because
[A] the principle ‘survival of the fittest’ exists.
[B] Nature ignores equality in dispensing brains and ability.
[C] Material rewards are for genuine ability.
[D] People have the freedom how to educate their children.
3. Who can obtain more rapid success
[A] those with wealth.
[B] Those with the best brains.
[C] Those with the best opportunities.
[D] Those who have the ability to catch at opportunities.
4. Why does the author say the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent? Because
[A] money decides everything.
[B] Private schools offer advantages over state schools.
[C] People are free to choose the way of educating their children.
[D] Wealth is used for political ends.
5. According to the author, ‘class divisions’ refers to
[A] the rich and the poor.
[B] Different opportunities for people.
[C] Oppressor and the oppressed.
[D] Genius and stupidity.
Vocabulary
1. discredit 损害，破坏，败坏（某人的名声），不可信
2. monarch 国王，女皇，君主政体
3. millennium 千年
the millennium 千僖年
4. bear out 证实
5. level out （升跌之后）呈平稳状态
6. meritocracy 英才管理，英才教育，能人统治
7. knack 技巧，诀窍
8. perpetuate 使永久，永存或持续
9. indiscriminate 不加鉴别的，不加分析的，任意的
10. boil down 归结为……
难句译注
1. Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim.
【参考译文】深入探索证实此断言不确。（也就是说太平盛世并没有成为政治现实）。
2. might is right
谚语：强权即公理。
3. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world.
【结构简析】lip-service口惠而实不至。EX: He pays lip-service to feminism but his wife still does all the housework.他口口声声说支持女权主义，但全部家务仍是他妻子的事。
【参考译文】我们口口声声赞扬平等思想，我们在西方世界中并不认为这一思想事错误的。
4. In the end, all political ideologies boil down to the same thing: class divisions persist whether you are ruled by a feudal king or an educated person.
【参考译文】最终，一切政治意识，都归结为一件事：不论你是由封建国王统治还是英才统治，阶级区分依然存在。
写作方法与文章大意
这是一篇对“无阶级社会和人人平等”论点的驳斥文章。作者从四个方面进行论述。1、天赋的才能和智慧与平等原则无关。2、“适者生存，强权即公理”依然存在。3、人获得的报酬是取决于人的才能而不是平等。4、金钱的作用，它不仅可以培育有能力的人，还是政治的后盾。只有金钱加能力是成功的关键。所以所谓平等不存在，更没有无阶级的社会
Our country's education introduces with western educational few difference phenomenon to everyone.
Home education form, the difference that is in the principle
1)Formality
3 in China together hall of although the family structure contain bigger change, separate an existence with widespread culture of education.The young parents in nowadays, not a few descend sea to go into business because of go abroad or for oneself the business rush favour, give the kid to the grandparents or the grandparents to look after, became to take separating a home education as main trend.Generation education third generation is generally heavy to keep to lightly teach and add of old man the cultural character be low and thought aging, so spoil many in fancy, produce the third generation intractable, frail, the mental state acceptance ability differ of corrupt practice.But in the west, according to the our observation toward place nation, the whole district example almost and neither Zu generation the old man look after Sun Bei4's circumstance.We all together feel western and traditional education idea BE:old man not three teach, the kid is brought up in person by own parents with education.In their eyes, the child got in childhood of protected more the acceptance ability for several futures be more bad.
2)In the principle
The importance of the home education drive although more and more families know,a lot of local families comprehend"home education" mistake as"the family knowledge educate".Some parents arrange a kid to learn a computer on Saturday, learn English on Sunday, also need to practice a piano, recite from memory a Tang poem etc. and persistently look for a knowledge development a direction but neglected the kid's character development for the kid.Along with the growth of kid's age, they discover that the own character need with parent arrange of inconformity, the wish falls through, immediately produce treachery mental state, things go contrary to one's wishes, even result in family tragedy.
Some parents comprehend"culture" mistake as"knowledge".If they educate a kid can't ether be very naughty, listen to a teacher in the school and the of classmate wants the Qian to let;But in the west, the parent then lets the kid choose by himself[herself], love stem what do what, don't be to force and demand too much, guide a kid academic association is important how overcome with the own strength difficulty, how hold the balance between the dependence and independence, academic association existence.So the west seldom sees a blooming flower season young to defeat and then mow because of an examination wrist suicide, also seldom see ten how old high school students meeting some the circumstance that the frustrate then runs away.The local parent concern the kid's result most , score, as for mental state, ability, seldom interfere with.Support parent and kid relate to of then result, score.We have to admit domestic the independence of this generation teenager realize, mental character and west together the generation person have an obvious margin.Everyone knows that a 13-year-old and European little girl made use of holidays one personal peregrination whole Europeses, but we China of the youth also needs to let the parent as his decision while taking the entrance examination of university to fill a report wishes professional.Examining a period is also a whole family general mobilization.Take this year of the green protect to test to see, the parent test ago wrap guest house, settle rent car, accompany to test while test, self-moving obstruct normal transportation order, prohibit the least bit interference, mental consult with after test.How does the thus weak generation person go to a competition of greet the world vehemence.British Zhao philosopher and educator the vegetable be consistent to lay claim to "implement liberal education, promote to give the children more freedoms, make their academic association exist, can adequately develop according to own disposition."Compare under, west education than our country tradition education more science, more advanced.
第一个the，是（the）...of sth. 的用法，
第二个the这是固定的英语语法，除非最高级前面有限定语，不然大部分情况都是要加the，你可以理解为特指，表示“最...”。
例如：He is the tallest boy in our class. 他是我们班最高的人。（前面没有限定语，因此tallest前面要加the。）
例如：This is my best friend.这是我最好的朋友（前面有限定语“我的”，因此best前面无需加the。）
第三个the是特指，特指那些major findings（主要的发现）
若理解请采纳。
一、形容词最高级作宾语补足语时,定冠词the常省略。例如: 1 think tod叮’5 home*rk easiest to do.我想今天的家庭作业最容易做。 二、两个形容词的最高级连用时,后一个最高级前省去定冠词the。例如: The tallest and prettiest woman 15 her nioth- 那个个儿最高的最漂亮的妇女是她的妈妈。 三、形容词最高级作表语而又不与其他人或物相比时,最高级前通常不用定冠词the。例如: 仆ey are busiest on Monday.周一他们最忙。 四、最高级前有物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格修饰时不用定冠词the。例如: This 15 his beot food这是他最好的食物。 That oldest woman 15 Li Hong’5 grandmoth- 那位老大娘是李红的祖母。 Helen 15 Jo
最高级前加the 是规则啊，固定用法
规定用法 最高级前加 一般是特指的意思
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