I am heer to see whether you need any help.所引导的从句
whether与if在句中的用法1、引导宾语从句
在引导宾语从句时,whether 和if 通可以互换,在ask,care,doub,know,learn,msee,tell,try,wonder等动词之后尤其如此.例如：
I don’t know if/whether I can help you.
They don’t care a bit whether my reports are good or bad..
I wonder if you can examine him now.(高一册第十四页)
I am not sure if/whether I’ll have time.
但是,必须注意以下几点：
1）如果从句是否定结构,则用if不用whether.例如：
Well,think,and see if the most religious people aren’t those who fell that this life doesn’t gice them all they want.好,你想,那最虔诚的宗教徒,是不是就是那此觉得这现实的人生没有完全满足自己欲望的人?
Dinner was almost over when Dan,still looking hungry,grinned and asked Dave if he wasn’t going to have some bread.晚饭快吃完的时候丹（他看上去还没吃饱）笑着问戴维还要不要吃些面包.
I don’t care if he doesn’t show up .他来不来我都不在乎.
Let me know if you can’t meet me at Jackson and Throop Streets Wednesday afternoon at two o’clock.星期三下午奉告警方,你是否能在杰逊街和思鲁街的黑心角来跟我相会.（＜嘉莉妹妹＞＝
当然,对某些句子,人们可能会有不同的理解.如上面最后两列中的if 也可理解为引导条件状语从句：
他不来我也不在乎.
如果 你在星期三下午二时不能和我在杰克逊街和思鲁街的黑心角相会,请通知我.
但是,当doubt是还定式时,则不用whether或if,要改用that,因为句子本身已没有“怀疑”或选择之意.度比较：
I don’t doubt that you are honest.我不怀疑你的诚实.
She never doubt for a moment that she was right.她对自己是正确的这一点从不怀疑.
I doubt whether it’s true.
I doubt if that was what he wanted.
2)宾语从句前置时只能用whether,如：
Whether he lives there,I want to know.
Whether this is true or not ,I can’t say.
Whether we can relly help ypu ,I don’t know yet .我们是否真的能帮助你,我还不知道.
3）在decide,dicuss等动词后,通常只跟whether引导的宾语从句.如：
They dicussed whether they should close the shop.他们痔疮了是不是该关掉商店.
The old lady has not decided whether she will live with her daughter in the countryside.
4)出现在介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether引导,如：
The teacher worried about whether he had hurt the girl’s feelings.老师担心他是否伤害了女孩的感情.
It all depends on whether she likes the boss or not .一切都取决于她是否喜欢这位上司.
It depends on whether the crystal can emit a powerful beam of light.这取决于晶体是否会发射出一束强光.
5）句中含有引导条件状语从句的if 时,用whether 不用if,如：
Bill asked whether ,if I got the job,I’d move to York.比尔问如果我得到这份工作是否还要迁到约克.
6）在现代英语中似乎有一种趋势,即说话人期望得到或估计会得到肯定答复时常用if ,而在对答复时的肯定与否定没把握或不在意时则用whether.例如：
He asked me if he could come.他问我他可不可以来.（暗示he想来）
He asked me whether he should come (or not ).他问我他是否该来.（暗示他对来不来都无所谓）
7）在有些句子中,用if引导宾语从句可能会导致歧义的产生.因此,若要表达选择的含义最好用whether.例如：
You should tell your mother whether you want to go with her for a holiday.你应该告诉你母亲你是否想和好一起度假.（若用if则可能被理解为是条件从句：如果你想和你母亲一起度假,你就应当告诉她.）
Let me know whether you are coming.告诉我你来不来.（若把句中的whether改为if ,则可能 表示：如果你要来,请通知我）
2．引导主语从句
主语从句位于句首时,用whether 不用if ,本文开关的高考题即属此种情况.再如：
Whether they win or lose is all the same to me.
Whether it will do us harm or good remains to be seen.
但是,当采用形式主语it,而将主语从句后置时,用whether和if 均可（尽管whether更常用）：
It makes no difference to me whether/if it’s foggy or clear..(高二册,第220页)
It’s doubtful if he is coming.
It’s not clear to me whether/if she likes the present.（＜英语语法大全＞第1456页＝
It was not known whether/if hi would ask.(＜大学共同市场讲法＞第397页＝
3．引导表语从句
引导表语从句时,一般用whether.例如：
The question is whether they can cooperate with us.问题是他们能否与我们合作.
The question I whether we can get there in time.
有的语法认为if 也可以引导表语从句,例如：
The first question I put to him was whether/if he would do it.
Our only problem is if someone gets that brilliant notion first.
不过,对中学生来说,这种用法还是尽时不时避免为好.
4．引导宾语从句
引导同位语从句时一般用whether.例如：
The question whether he should come himself or send a substitute must be decided upon,他该亲自来还是派人替他来,这个问题必须定下来.
We will soon discuss the problem whether we should take some effective measures to protect the animals and plants in our region.我们很快将讨论是否应该采取一些有效措施来保护本地区的动植物这一问题.
5．引导让步状语从句
1)引导让步状语地,一般用whether.例如：
Whether you like it or not ,you’ll have to do it .
Whether the weather is good or bad ,they will set off as they planned.无论天气是好是坏,他们都将按计划启程.
The moon is a moon still, whether it shines or not .(Proverb)
2）whether还可与分词、介词短语构成短语,在句中作让不状语,此时不可用if 来替代whether::
Whether waking or sleeping ,he breathes noisily.他不管是醒着还是睡着了,都是呼呼作声.
It is decided, whether for better or worse.不管前途好坏,此事已定.
Whether by accident or design, they met.无论是巧遇还是有意安排,反天他们是见面了.
6．与不定式连用
在不定式之前用whether,如：
He doesn’t know whether to stay or not .(MET’87)
We were wondering whether to go today or tomorrow .
The problem is whether to go by bus or by plane.
It has not been decided yet whether to give the English oral test this Friday.本星期五是否举秆英语口试还没有决定.
7．与or ,or not 连用
1）whether 侧彼一时“选择”、“怀疑”,所以一些语法家认为只有whether 才可以和or ,or not ,or no连用,构成whether…or,whether…or not等结构,而if则不能用于这些结构.例如：
I don’t know whether I should go away or stay here.
Whether they do it or not matters little to us.他们干还是不干,与我们关系都不大.
What I want to know is whether the professor will come here or not next week.我想知道的是教授下周还来不来.
The little girl asked ger father whether she should go to the party or not .女孩问父亲她应不应该参加这个晚会.
I don’t know whether it is raining or not .
但是,随着语言的发展,if与or,or not 用也已为人们所接受,例如：
He didn’t know whether /if we should write or phone.(＜最新牛津现代高级英汉汉英双解词典＞＝
How can you tell if the charge is positive or negative?你怎么知道电荷是下的还是负的?（＜英汉技术词典＞＝）
I wonder if /whether he is at home (or not )_.(Harold E.Palmer:A Grammat of English Words)
I don’t care if/whether you car breaks down or not .(Geoffrey Jan Svartvik:A Communicative Grammar of English )
I don’t think she cares if we’re absent or not.(《现代成则为王用法词典》)
Let me know whether/if you can come or not .(Michael Swan: Practical English Usage)
然而,直接与or not连用时,则只能用whether ,换句话说,只有whether or not ,没有if not:
I don’t know whether or not you ‘ll come.
2)if…not 和whether …not 都可以两个从句,这时应重复if 和whether:
I asked him whether he had done all the work himself or whether he had had any assistance.我问他这些工作是他一个人干 的还是有人帮助.
I can’t find out if the flight has been delayed or if it has been cancelled.我不清楚班机是扒迟了还是被取消了.
I don’t know if it was on account of Dan’s arguing with him ,or if it was because there was no bread for dinner, that Dad was in a bad temper .爸爸尽情不好,我不知道到底是因为丹和他争论,还是因为晚饭没有面包.
If 和whether 的区别：
If 引导条件状语从句和宾语从句.
Whether 引导宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句.
当 if 和whether 引导宾语从句的区别,即用 whether不用if的情况：
(1). 作介词宾语 It depends on whether it is fine.
(2).Whether +to do I ‘m not sure whether to leave this afternoon.
(3).Whether or not He can not decide whether or not take the exam.
(4).作discuss 的宾语 We are discussing whether we will hold a meeting this weekend
17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：
连接词：that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分）
连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词：when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词：
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较：whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下，whether 不能被if 取代：
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
17.2 名词性that-从句
1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：
主语：That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他，这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2）That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词，而将that-从句置于句末，例如：
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系：
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
17.3 名词性wh-从句
1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：
主语： How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语：In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语：The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语： My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语：She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语： I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语：I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语： That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1）yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同， 例如：
主语：Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语：They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语： She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语： I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2）选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成，例如：
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
17.5 否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。
注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪去。
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。
3) 有时将动名词，介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里，人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。
(anyone 作主语，从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。
whether 引导的是动作see的宾语从句。句意为“我到这儿来看看你是否需要帮助”
whether you need any help 是动词不定式 to see 的宾语从句。
whether引导的从句作不定式to see的宾语从句。
雕世鼻渊： 有很多种答复的…… 举两个例子: I am sorry to hear that thing.(最常见的……) I am glad to hear that news. I am sad to hear that answer. 等等等等~~~
抚松县13430831618： i am happy to see you 怎么划分句子成分 - ？
雕世鼻渊：[答案] I /am /happy/ to see you I 主语 am 系动词 happy 表语 to see you 目的状语
抚松县13430831618： I am sorry to see that 的中文意思 - ？
雕世鼻渊：[答案] 是一个从句,意思是:我很遗憾听到关于什么的事情,that后接什么的事情
抚松县13430831618： i am happy to see you这用到什么语法 - ？
雕世鼻渊： to do 不定式
抚松县13430831618： I am happy - -----see you here. - ？
雕世鼻渊： I am happy【to】see you here. 很高兴在这儿见到你.be happy to do 结构百度教育团队【鹰击长空团】为您解答 祝:学习进步,更上一层楼! (*^__^*) 不明白的再问哟,请及时采纳,多谢!
抚松县13430831618： I AM THE WIND 歌词 - ？
雕世鼻渊： 《I AM THE WIND》歌手:Cynthia Harrell 所属专辑:《I'm The Wind》发行时间:1997-04-09 歌词:Just like the wind, I've always been Drifting high up in the sky that never ends Through thick and thin, I always win 'Cause I would fight both life and...
抚松县13430831618： 八年级英语题.1.I am very surprised when Isee the result(同义句) I am very - -- - --- - see the resul - ？
雕世鼻渊： 1. I am very surprised to see the result.2.C.情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语...
抚松县13430831618： I am happy______see you here. - ？
雕世鼻渊：[答案] I am happy【to】see you here. 很高兴在这儿见到你. be happy to do 结构 百度教育团队【鹰击长空团】为您解答 不明白的再问哟,请及时采纳,多谢!
抚松县13430831618： I Am The Tall Tree 歌词 - ？
雕世鼻渊： 歌曲名:I Am The Tall Tree 歌手:The Flock 专辑:The Best Of The Flock - Flock Rock I am he as you are he as you are me and we are all together.See how they run like pigs from a gun, see how they fly.Im crying.Sitting on a cornflake, waiting for ...
抚松县13430831618： I Am the Lord Jesus 歌词？
雕世鼻渊： 歌曲名:I Am the Lord Jesus 歌手:Lydia Lunch 专辑:Teenage Jesus and the Jerks: Beirut Slum I am he as you are he as you are me and we are all together. See how they run like pigs from a gun, see how they fly. Im crying. Sitting on a cornflake,...
