急，牛津高中英语模块六第一单元Reading 课文

牛津高二英语模块六UNIT1READING课文翻译~

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M7U1 READING
Unit 1 Living with technology
The evolution of video and sound devices
Early history of TV
The first public TV broadcasts were made in the USA in 1925. Later, in 1928, the first long-distance TV broadcast was made between the UK and the USA. Regular public broadcasting followed shortly afterwards, first beginning on 11 May 1928 in New York and on 20 August 1929 in London.
Many different people contributed to the development of TV. Most early TV broadcasts were made using a system developed by John Logie Baird in the UK. However, his system was very primitive and had many drawbacks. An American, Philo Farnsworth, made important breakthroughs in the development of TV in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Modern TVs use many of the principles first discovered by Farnsworth.
John Logic Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928, but it was not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was broadcast. It took more than two decades, though, until 1951, for regular colour TV broadcasts to begin in the USA. Regular colour TV broadcasts were delayed in the UK until 1967. However, within a short time nearly all TV broadcasts were made in colour, and within five years more colour TVs than black-and-white TVs were being used. The modern age：satellite TV
Satellites were used to broadcast TV beginning in 1962. Satellites allow TV to be broadcast live over vast distances, with everyone receiving the same broadcast at the same time. They also make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities, and satellite dishes can often be seen distributed throughout the countryside and remote areas. Of course, only a small percentage of people own satellite dishes. However, most people still benefit from satellite TV, as local TV companies broadcast the signals they get from satellite receivers to the population living nearby. Early history of sound recorders
It all began in 1877, when Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice on his invention, the record player. Early record players used round tubes to record on. However, in 1887 Emile Berliner, a German living in the USA, invented a record player that used discs as alternatives to tubes, and so the modern record player was born. The first record players had to be wound up by hand and only played records that were two minutes long. Times surely have changed!
Sound and video recorders
In 1928, the first tape recorders used to copy sound were made in Germany. Most early recorders employed steel tape to record on, which made them heavy and difficult to use, or paper tape, which was easier to use but often broke. It was not until the early 1950s that most tape recorders began using plastic tape as they do today. Meanwhile, electr
ical components eventually became so small that, by the late 1960s, portable cassette players were developed, along with video recorders which were used by TV stations. By the late 1970s, video recorders small and cheap enough for home use were introduced. Sound and video go digital
In 1982, the first CDs were made available. CDs are often used for storing and playing music because they have a much better sound quality than traditional records and cassettes. In 1993, the VCD was born, and in 1995, the DVD was invented. The DVD is now the standard for recording and playing back video.
The future
With the development of digital technology, sound and video can now be stored on a PC, on the Internet, or using some form of portable storage. This will soon make records, cassette recorders, CDs, DVDs and even TVs things of the past. Technology is now changing faster than most people can keep pace with. Who can foresee what the future will bring?


Project
To phone or not to phone?
In the USA, the Amish--a Christian group--are famous because they drive carriages instead of cars, do not use TVs or refrigerators, and do not have personal telephones. Many people assume the Amish must have religious reasons for their many rules, but this is not true. In truth, whenever a new technology is introduced, the Amish meet and discuss its advantages and disadvantages. They then vote on whether they will accept it. The Amish reject cars because they like having tight communities where everyone lives close together. They have no TVs or refrigerators because their homes do not have electricity--they do not think it is necessary and dislike dealing with strangers, such as the people who work at the electric company.
Since the Amish value seeing each other face to face, they oppose having telephones in their houses. However, in each community there is often a small building that has a telephone for emergencies.
The telephone is very convenient for communication, and most people in the world today cannot live without it. However, maybe the Amish have a valid point. Which is more of a friend, someone you often talk to over the phone or someone you often talk to face to face? And, if you need help, who can help you better, someone far away or someone in the room with you? There is something important about being together and sharing life that cannot be found over a telephone wire.
There are other disadvantages to the telephone, as well. For example, no matter what the circumstances, when the phone rings, everything stops so that the call can be answered. Your family could be eating dinner or chatting together, yet this will be interrupted. However, most phone calls are not really that important; certainly, they could not be more important than family time. Then, when you are absorbed in a book or simply trying to rest, the phone always seems to be ringing, destroying whatever peace you might have. However, the person calling is often merely a salesman or someone who has dialled the wrong number.
With mobile phones, these problems increase. How many times have you been talking with a friend, only for your friend to interrupt the conversation to answer a call? For some reason, a typical mobile phone call is nearly always given greater importance than a face-to-face conversation. Yet, once again, most mobile phone calls are about rather small matters. When asked later what the call was about, your friend always answers, 'Oh, nothing really.' If the call was really about 'nothing', then why was it so important as to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time?
Of course, using the mobile phone for text messages is the worst. In one study, girls average 80 text messages a day, and boys average 30. What do people talk about in text messages? While these messages always seem important at the time, most people cannot really remember them the next day. Phones and text messages focus on building relationships with many people. However, these relationships are often quite shallow. Many teenagers say that while they have a lot of friends, they really have no best friend. The use of technology for communication rather than talking face to face is one reason why this is true. Meanwhile, real relationships are often sacrificed, and whatever personal peace one has is destroyed whenever the phone rings. The Amish in general have a higher degree of mental health than most people. They have very calm and stable lives because they value community and living in peace above all else, especially new technology. Maybe they are right. Maybe we should throw all of our phones into the dustbin, along with our cars and TVs for good measure. Maybe we should rid ourselves of modern technology and return to simpler times.
What's that? ... Sorry, I have to go. The phone's ringing ...

Unit 2 Fit for life
This article will focus on two drugs that started revolutions in medicine. If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world, it is likely that you will find aspirin and penicillin. Both of these medicines have saved millions of people's lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.
Aspirin：： was invented in 1897. However, the basic chemical used to make aspirin can be found in nature. Nearly 3,500 years ago, people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever. About 2,500 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates, father of all doctors, made a juice from a tree bark containing salicylic acid for the same effect. It was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical. The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899, when the company Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients. A year later, in 1900, aspirin was sold in shops in the form of tablets. Within a short time, aspirin became the best-selling medicine in the world for pain relief.
Not only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain, but there are also other things that aspirin can help with. Lawrence Craven, a doctor from the USA, introduced the idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks, because it helped the blood circulate better. The report was ignored. However, in 1971, Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin could have that effect, and in 1977 a study carried out in the USA showed that aspirin could prevent strokes, as well. Eleven years later, Dr Thun from the USA showed that aspirin could reduce the risk of some cancers by 40 per cent. In 1999, aspirin was over 100 years old, and yet there have been more discoveries about how it can help increase the length of people's lives. In 2003, a Chinese doctor, Dr Yuan Minsheng, found that aspirin could reduce blood sugar levels and, therefore, help people with diabetes.

chool life in the UK英国的学校生活

Going to a British high school for one year was a very enjoyable and exciting experience for me. I was very happy with the school hours in Britain because school starts around 9 a.m. and ends about 3.30 p.m. This means I could get up an hour later than usual as schools in China begin before8 a.m. 在英国高中读一年书对于我来说是一个有趣又刺激的经历。我对学校的作息时间很满意因为学校在上午9.00左右开始上课在下午3.30放学。这意味着我可以比往常晚起一个小时因为中国的学校在8.00之前上课。

On the first day, all students went to attend assembly. I sat next to a girl whose name is Diane. We soon became best friends. 第一天，所有的学生都去参加了会议。我坐在一个叫戴安娜的女孩边上。我们很快成了很要好的朋友。

During assembly, the headmaster told us about the rules of the school. He also told us that the best way to earn respect from the school was to work hard and achieve high grades. This sounded like my school in China.在会议期间。校长把有关学校的校规告诉了我们。他还告诉我们在学校赢得别人尊重最好的方法就是努力读书取得高分。这听起来就像是我中国的学校。

I had many teachers in the past year and they each taught only one subject. Mr Heywood was my class teacher. My favourite teacher was Miss Burke. She was the teacher who taught us English literature. In our class there were 29 students. This is about the average size for British schools. We had to move to different classrooms for different classes. We also had different students in some classes, so it was difficult to remember all the faces and names. 在过去的一年里我有很多老师，他们每一个人都只教一门功课。海伍德先生是我的班主任。我最喜欢的老师是伯克老师。她是教我们英国文明的老师。在我们的班级里只有29个学生。这是英国学校每个班的学生平均数。我们不得不为了上不同的课程而去不同的教室。在一些教室，我们还有不同的同学，所以记住所有同学的长相和名字是很困难的。

I found the homework was not as heavy as what I used to get in my old school, but it was a bit difficult for me at first because all the homework was in English. I felt lucky as all my teachers were very helpful and I enjoyed all my subjects: English, History, English Literature, Computer Science, Maths, Science, PE, Art, Cooking and French. 我发现家庭作业也没有我以前的学校所布置的多了，但是起初它对于我来说是一个挑战因为所有的功课都是英语。我感到很幸运因为我所有的老师都很乐于助人并且我很喜欢我所有的课程：英语，历史，英国文明，电脑技术，数学，自然科学，体育，艺术，烹饪和法语。

My English improved a lot as I used English every day and spent an hour each day reading English books in the library. I joined the Computer Club at lunchtime, so I could e-mail my family and friends back home for free. I also had an extra French class on Tuesday evenings. Cooking was really fun as I learned how to buy, prepare and cook food. At the end of term we held a class party and we all had to cook something. I was glad that all my classmates enjoyed the cake that I made. 我的英语改善了不少因为我每天都在使用英语并且每天花一个小时在图书馆看英语书。我经常在午餐时间到电脑俱乐部，所以我可以免费回复我家人和朋友的电子邮件。我在周二晚上也有一个额外的法语。烹饪是真的很有趣因为我学会了怎样去买，准备以及烹饪食物。在学期结束时我们还举办了班级派对。我们都烹饪了些东西。当我的朋友很喜欢我制作的蛋糕时我很快乐。

Students at that school have to study Maths, English and Science, but can drop some subjects if they don’t like them, for example, History, French and Art. They can choose other subjects like Woodwork, Computer Science or Languages, such as Spanish, German, etc. In woodwork class I made a small table. Though it didn’t look like a table when it was finished, I still liked it very much.. 在那个学校的学生必须学习数学，英语和科学，但是可以放弃一些他们不喜欢的科目，比如历史，法语和艺术。他们可以选择其他科目例如木工制作，电脑技术或者是像西班牙语德语的语言。在木工制作的课程上我做了一个小桌子。尽管他刚完工的时候看上去不像一个桌子，我仍然很喜欢它。

I missed Chinese food a lot at lunchtime. British food is very different. British people eat lots of desserts after their main meal. They don’t seem to like fruit as much as Chinese students. After lunch, we usually played on the school field. Sometimes I played football with the boys. Sometimes I just relaxed under a tree or sat on the grass. 在午餐时间我也很想中国的食物。英国的食物实在是很不同。英国人在他们主食之后会吃很多的甜点。他们似乎不很象中国学生那样吃水果。午饭后，我们经常在学校的操场上玩耍。有时候我也和男孩们一起踢足球。有时候我只是坐在树下或草地上休息。

I was very lucky to experience this different way of life. I look back on my time in the UK with satisfaction. And I really hope to go back and study in Manchester again.能体验到如此不同寻常的生活方式我感到很幸运，而且我也很希望有一天我还能回来继续在曼彻斯特读书。

M1U1 Project：Starting a new school club 开创新的学校广播俱乐部
We have a radio club in our school. It is great because it is run by the students for the school. I am lucky as I am one of the hosts. 我们学校有一个广播俱乐部。这个俱乐部的非常之处在于它是由学生们自己为学校创办的。我很幸运地成了其中的一名主持人。

It was started two years ago. One day, I just began thinking about music for everyone, so I asked the headmaster if music could be played during break times. He approved the idea, and two years later I am in charge of the radio club as the oldest student member. Our club is much more than just music. Every morning we tell our schoolmates about the weather, recent news, and some special messages that the teachers want us to broadcast. 广播俱乐部是两年前创立的。有一天，我萌发了为大家播放音乐的念头，于是我就问校长能否在休息时间给同学们播放音乐，校长同意了。两年后，我作为元老负责校广播俱乐部的工作。我们的俱乐部现在不只是播放音乐。每天早上我们向同学们播报天气情况和时事新闻，还有老师们要我们播出的一些特别告示。

During exam time we have a special programme that tells students the things they should do for preparation. At the end of the school year, many students who are graduating use our club to give messages to their close friends and teachers. 到了考试的时候我们就会做一档特别节目，告诉学生们复习迎考的注意事项。每当学年结束的时候，许多即将毕业离校的学生就会借助我们的广播俱乐部向他们的好友和老师留下临别致辞。

When parents come to visit the school and talk to the teachers, we often play songs sung by students, and we also give messages to inform the parents of events such as outings and school plays. 每逢家长来访、与老师交谈的时候我们常常播放一些由学生们自己演唱的歌曲。我们还会广播一些通知告诉家长们有关诸如远足、校内戏剧表演之类的活动讯息。

I shall miss the radio club after graduation, but I know that it will continue without me. (Kate Jones) 毕业后，我会想念广播俱乐部的，但我知道，没有我，它还会继续办下去的。(凯特·琼斯)

Our school club ‘Poets of the Next Generation’ is a literary club that was started by our English teacher Mr. Owen. We meet on the last Friday of every month to talk about poems and poets that we like. In the club meetings, we first select poems that we love, and then read them aloud. We also discuss poems in our meetings. 我们的校内俱乐部“下一代诗人”是由我们的英语老师欧文先生发起的一个文学俱乐部。每个月的最后一个星期五我们会聚在一起讨论喜爱的诗歌和诗人。聚会的时候，我们首先挑选出我们喜爱的诗歌，然后朗诵这些诗歌。我们还在聚会时讨论诗歌。

When I attended the first meeting, I was required to write a poem and I had to read it to the club. I was a little nervous at first, but everyone was so nice and friendly that I soon stopped worrying. I once read a poem about nature in the school courtyard. I chose an old tree and gathered everyone under it before I read. The club members said it was one of the best compositions they had heard. (Bob Shaw)我第一次参加聚会的时候，被要求写一首诗，还得当着俱乐部成员的面进行朗诵。起初我觉得有些紧张，但所有的成员都是那么亲切、友好，我很快就不担心了。有一次，我在学校花园里朗诵了一首表现大自然的诗歌。朗诵前，我选择了一棵老树，把大家都聚集在树下。俱乐部成员们都说那是他们听过的最好的诗歌之一。(鲍勃·肖)

这是牛津高一第六模块的，如果你要高二的我再更改答案

The changing colours of our crops

Read thisnewspaper article about Sunqiao Modern Agricultural Development Zone in Shanghai.

Agriculture Eveningpost
Recently, agriculturehas become more colourful. “Green agriculture” means traditional farming thatgrows plants in soil. “Blue agriculture” farms fish or water plants in naturalsources of water such as oceans or lakes. The newest of the colours is “whiteagriculture”. It is practised at Sunqiao Modern Agricultural Development- Zonein Shanghai.
With white agriculture,plants are grown in water. Sometimes sand or small stones are used to help holdup the plants. However, soil is not used. The plants are nourished only by amixture of water and fertilizer. White agriculture is useful for places withpoor soil quality since it makes the best use of both water and fertilizer.
Sunqiao is both anexperimental research facility and a business enterprise. The research involvesmaking green agriculture more profitable and finding farming techniques whichdo not use man- made chemicals. It also produces seeds which help farmers growbetter crops. However, the most unusual aspect of Sunqiao is their research onwhite agriculture.
Through this newtechnology, Sunqiao Modern Agricultural Development Zone has proved to be oneof the fastest developing areas in China. Seeds and new varieties of plantsfrom Sunqiao have brought economic benefits to more than 16,000 farming families.The farmers that it has helped now have bigger and better harvests. Their liveshave been changed forever. People who live in cities used to regard farming asboring and backward. However, the introduction of modern technology has madeSunqiao famous. Every week, about 5,000 people visit Sunqiao. They appearamazed to see the vegetables which Sunqiao grows without using soil. Farminghas become exciting and high-tech. This is a place where technology and nature workwell together.

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