外来语对英语的影响 50分献上，回答的好再追50-100
作者&投稿：徵邹 （若有异议请与网页底部的电邮联系）
Last month an English speech compitition was held in our school.It began at the seventh class in the afternoon.I took part in this English speech,because I'm very interested in it.While I was making speech ,my classmates rose from their seats and applauded for me.Finally ,I did'nt win the speech compitition.Certanly,I felt terrible,but I would never give up my passion in English . I will try my best to improve my english ,perhaps I will win the next champion in English speech.
第一个
观众：优点是
模转数后，相同带宽传送电视频道数量更多，可供选择节目更多；
数字信号抗干扰能力更强，所以视觉效果更好；
数字电视进入交互时代后，更注重个性化定制，观众可更主动操控电视。
缺点是
数字电视要收费，接收模拟电视信号有个锅就行了。
电视台：优点是，
对电视台台来说频道多了，节目就多了，广告收入当然就更多了，刺激电视台拍更优秀的电视吸引观众；
对制作人员来说，采/录/编/存全数字化处理，统一标准，统一接口，制作更加方便了；
对播出人员来说，节目播出可采用硬盘播出管理，自动化程度更高，当然事故率更小，被广电总局通报更少，呵呵；
对媒资管理来说，数字化后，节目可用服务器存储，磁带可重复利用，省去大笔磁带开销，且服务器里的节目不管放多久都可随时调用/编辑。
缺点是电视台多了，竞争大了：以前地方电视台弄个发射塔，有个大功率就能覆盖个十里八乡的，观众不看也得看，地方台卖个农药广告（一个老汉拿个喷雾器站田里讲半天）就能吃口肉，现在村里通有线了，只能喝汤了。
社会：优点是，
数字化后，电视台多了，从业人员多了，报考中戏的和广院的多了，赵普可以随时替换了；
效果好了，观众多了，产业蛋糕做大了，GDP增加了；
电视明星多了，狗仔多了，娱乐报道多了，人们又谈资了，不无聊了。
缺点是新标准都是老外制定，要收专利费了；
好设备都是日美韩货，贵的要死，钱都外流了。
第二个
一，跟索马里政府主管广电部门谈电视信号落地的事宜：我们的电视节目意识形态好，不用海盗船长做代言，让我们落地吧！请他们红星二锅头，谈不成转入第四步；
二，跟索马里有线谈：给我们安排个好的频道吧！请他们喝酒，不行的话转入第四步；
三，跟索马里老百姓谈，做市场推广：我们的节目好，倡导劳动致富，好多都是如何再就业的成功典型，可以不用玩命当海盗了，看看我们的节目吧！亲们记得是XXX台哦！不行转入第四步；
四，用轮船运一大堆小锅去，跟老百姓说：我们的节目好，倡导劳动致富，好多都是如何再就业的成功典型，可以不用玩命当海盗了，看看我们的节目吧！亲们记得用锅来收哦！免费指导哦！
当然，做所有这些工作的前提是你已经找好了卫星公司，并租用了他们的转发器，押一付三哦！这颗卫星能覆盖索马里地区。
第三个
看你是用锅来接收卫星电视信号还是通过有线接收卫星电视信号
锅：锅的位置朝向，高频头的位置，馈线长短，接收机的设置，天气的影响（大风大雨大雪日凌等），附近是否有大功率的干扰，地震把电视台震塌了，卫星被攻击了，上行站出事了，都可能导致接收出问题。
有线：天气影响（大风大雨大雪日凌等），卫星被攻击了，上行站出事了，盖房子把光缆挖了，你欠费后有线公司把你家信号掐了，你家狗狗把HFC咬了。
While many words enter English as slang, not all do. Some words are adopted from other languages; some are mixtures of existing words (portmanteau words), and some are new coinages made of roots from dead languages: e.g. thanitopsis. No matter the origin, though, words seldom, if ever, are immediately accepted into the English language. Here is a list of the most common foreign language influences in English, where other languages have influenced or contributed words to English.
French words for the meat of an animal, noble words (this comes from the influence of the Norman language), words referring to food - e.g. au gratin. Nearly 30% of English words (in an 80,000 word dictionary) may be of French origin.
German: Main article: List of German expressions in English. Some words relating to the World War I and the World War II, e.g. blitz. And some food terms, such as wurst, hamburger and frankfurter. Also: wanderlust, schadenfreude, zeitgeist, kaputt, kindergarten, autobahn, rucksack.
Scandinavian languages such as Old Norse - words such as sky and troll or, more recently, geysir.
Dutch - words relating to sailing, e.g. skipper, keel etc., and civil engineering, such as dam, polder.
Latin words, technical or biological names, medical terminology, legal terminology. See also: Latin influence in English
Greek words - medical terminology (like for instance phobias and ologies)
Spanish - words relating to Spanish culture - for example paella, siesta, plaza, salsa, etc.
Italian - words relating to music, piano, fortissimo. Or Italian culture, such as piazza, pizza, gondola, balcony, fascism. The English word umbrella comes from Italian ombrello.
Arabic - Islamic religious terms such as jihad and hadith. Also some scientific vocabulary borrowed through Iberian Romance languages in the Middle Ages (alcohol, algebra, azimuth, nadir).
Nahuatl - tomato, coyote, chocolate.
Afrikaans - apartheid, trek.
Russian - words relating to the Cold War and the aftermath (perestroika, glasnost), and also words relating to Russian culture, such as Cossack or Babushka.
Indian - words relating to culture, originating from the colonial era. Many of these words are of Persian origin rather than Hindi because Persian was the official language of the Mughal courts. e.g.: pyjamas, bungalow, verandah, jungle, curry, shampoo, khaki.
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Lists of English words of international origin
These are lists of words in the English language which are known as "loanwords" or "borrowings," which are derived from other languages:
List of English words of Australian Aboriginal origin
List of English words of African origin
List of English words of Afrikaans origin
List of English words of Arabic origin
List of English words of Chinese origin
List of English words of Czech origin
List of English words of Dutch origin
List of English words of Etruscan origin
List of English words of Finnish origin
List of English words of French origin
German loan words
List of German expressions in English (a small German-English dictionary)
English words of Greek origin (a discussion rather than a list)
List of Greek words with English derivatives
List of English words of Hawaiian origin
List of English words of Hebrew origin
List of English words of Hungarian origin
List of English words of Indian origin
List of English words of Sanskrit origin
List of English words of Tamil origin
List of English words of Hindi origin
List of English words of Urdu origin
List of English words of Telugu origin
List of English words of Indonesian origin, including from Javanese, Malay (Sumatran) Sundanese, Papuan (Irian Jaya), Balinese, Dayak and other local languages in Indonesia
List of English words of Irish origin
List of English words of Italian origin
List of English words of Japanese origin
List of English words of Korean origin
List of Latin words with English derivatives
List of English words of Malay origin
List of English words of Maori origin
List of English words from indigenous languages of the Americas
List of English words of Norwegian origin
List of English words of Old Norse origin (often coming from Vikings from Denmark or Norway, but at the time there was little distinction between the Old Norse dialects spoken in the three Scandinavian countries.)
List of English words of Persian origin
List of English words of Polish origin
List of English words of Portuguese origin
List of English words of Romanian origin
List of English words of Russian origin
List of English words of Serbo-Croatian origin
List of English words of Slovak origin
List of English words of Scots origin
List of English words of Scottish Gaelic origin
List of English words of Spanish origin
List of English words of Swedish origin
List of English words of Tagalog origin
List of English words of Turkic origin
List of English words of Ukrainian origin
List of English words of Welsh origin
List of English words of Yiddish origin
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How French Has Influenced English
The English language has been shaped by a number of other languages over the centuries, and many English speakers know that Latin and German were two of the most important. What many people don't realize is how much the French language has influenced English.
Without going into too much detail, I want to give a little bit of background about the other languages which shaped English. It was born out of the dialects of three German tribes (Angles, Jutes, and Saxons) who settled in Britain in about 450 A.D. This group of dialects forms what linguists refer to as Anglo-Saxon, and at some point this language developed into what we know as Old English. This Germanic base was influenced in varying degrees by Celtic, Latin, and Scandinavian (Old Norse) - the languages spoken by invading armies.
Bill Bryson calls the Norman conquest of 1066 the "final cataclysm [which] awaited the English language." (1) When William the Conqueror became king of England, French took over as the language of the court, administration, and culture - and stayed there for 300 years. Meanwhile, English was "demoted" to everyday, unprestigious uses. These two languages existed side by side in England with no noticeable difficulties; in fact, since English was essentially ignored by grammarians during this time, it took advantage of its lowly status to become a grammatically simpler language and, after only 70 or 80 years existing side-by-side with French, Old English segued into Middle English.
Vocabulary
During the Norman occupation, about 10,000 French words were adopted into English, some three-fourths of which are still in use today. This French vocabulary is found in every domain, from government and law to art and literature - learn some. More than a third of all English words are derived directly or indirectly from French, and it's estimated that English speakers who have never studied French already know 15,000 French words. (2)
Pronunciation
English pronunciation owes a lot to French as well. Whereas Old English had the unvoiced fricative sounds , , (as in thin), and (shin), French influence helped to distinguish their voiced counterparts , , (the), and (mirage), and also contributed the diphthong (boy). (3)
(What is voiced/unvoiced/fricative?)
Grammar
Another rare but interesting remnant of French influence is in the word order of expressions like secretary general and surgeon general, where English has retained the noun + adjective word order typical in French, rather than the usual adjective + noun used in English.
Learn More
If you are interested in French and/or English linguistics and would like to learn more about their reciprocal relationship, please visit the links below and the further reading resources listed on the right.
纵观英语的整个历史发展过程,英语始终受到外来语的影响.本文拟从英语词汇入手,分析外来语影响英语的主要方式及其对英语语音、构词、语义、语法等方面的影响.
这篇论文，去年我毕业的时候也想立题来着……
最后放弃了，你加油吧
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来安县13613047668： 学习日语会不会影响英语水平? - ？
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司马斧降克：[答案] 只要学过英美概况就应该没有问题.英国是没有土生土长的土著人的,所以在11世纪以前主要都是外来民族入侵时带来它们的语言.其他的我就不说了,说说对语言有影响的.罗马人带来了26个拉丁字母,以及一些单词,英语中医学方...
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司马斧降克： 外来语是外来语言文化被国有语言文化改造后的结果.它的产生不仅是单纯的语言现象,也是一种社会和文化现象.它反映了某种社会或文化交流形式.使用不同语言,生活于不同文化圈内的不同民族在进行经济文化交流时,不可避免地在不同程度上借用外来词,并潜移默化于外来文化.
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来安县13613047668： 英语外来词对汉语的影响 - ？
司马斧降克： 可以帮助丰富汉语的词汇量,也可以加紧国际的轨道.比如咖啡,本来在汉语中是不存在的,因为把咖啡引进来了,为了给既有事物起名,就采用音译法,coffee成了咖啡.此类例子有很多.
来安县13613047668： 论英语对现代汉语的影响 - ？
司马斧降克： 词汇上体现最明显啊.帝国主义时代的英国入侵,中国人从实用角度开始学习英语,英语语言的一些词语逐渐渗入到汉民族的语言中来,特别是新文化运动以后,提倡白话文,为外来语进入汉语言,在汉语言中生根发芽提供了外界土壤.如我们熟知的啤酒( beer)、咖啡(coffee)、巧克力(chocolate)、沙发(sofa)、扑克 (poker)、爵士(jazz)、安琪儿 (angel) 、吉普车(jeep)、引擎(engine)罗曼蒂克(romantic)、沙龙(salon)、歇斯底里( hysteria)、幽默( humor)、 逻辑 (logic)、模特( model ) 等等.
