如何结合高考新题型"短文改错"进行教学

初探新高考背景下如何实施融入新题型的阅读教学~

2017年高考英语取消了单项选择题，代之以语篇型语法填空题，15分分值不变。另外，英语题型顺序也有所调整：第一部分为听力，第二部分为阅读理解，第三部分为语言知识运用，其中第一小节是完形填空，第二小节是语法填空，即新型考题。第四部分是写作。从容应对新题型 不要死记语法规则大纲解读今年英语高考大纲最重要的变化是题型的调整：新增语篇型语法填空题（分值15分），取消往年的单项选择题。语篇型语法填空题的形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3个单词。备考建议今年英语试卷由四部分组成：第一部分听力（30分，不计入总分），第二部分阅读理解（包含阅读和七选五，共40分），第三部分语言知识运用（包含完形填空和语法填空，共45分），第四部分写作（包含短文改错和书面表达，共35分），总分为150分。建议考生针对考纲的变化与要求，一方面过好词汇关、语法关，即对考纲中词汇和语法进行梳理，避免繁、杂、乱，要学会在语境中活用；另一方面，在加强各题型的答题方法和解题策略时，要通过实际练习进行归纳和整理，提高自己的解题技能。新增的语法填空部分着重在语篇层面考查考生的语法分析能力，强调语法知识在实际语言中的正确使用。考生需灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、动词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。其目的是考查考生理解语篇的能力、分析句子结构的能力及熟练运用语法知识的能力。针对这个情况，考生答题时既要考虑上下文语义连贯， 又要分析句子结构的完整性、合理性和可行性。建议考生不要死记硬背语法规则，要对于语篇进行全面的分析判断，灵活运用所学语法知识。备考中要注意加强分析句子结构的能力，懂得在什么时候该用什么词性的单词充当特定句子成分。此外，对词汇本身用法要熟练掌握，如对于动词，要掌握常用的时态、语态和非谓语动词的用法；对于连词、介词、副词等，要掌握其用法，熟练运用和准确定位。因为是填空题，考生还应注意单词拼写和基本词形变换的规范准确。英语阅读理解部分，考生除了做好考纲词汇的复习，还要熟练地掌握相关的阅读技巧。要加强对语篇主旨的概括能力、段落层次的剖析能力，以及长难句的分析能力。做阅读理解练习时要限时阅读，尤其要注重把握文章结构和文脉，吃透题干中的关键词，找准文章中相应的信息句，细致理解，准确判断。书面表达部分是备考最后阶段非常重要一项内容。考生除了应熟练掌握不同文体的写作方法和技巧之外，还要切实过好“三关”，即卷面关、内容关和语言关。

　　改错题及答案：
　　短文改错
1、 （河南省开封市10-11学年高一月考）
Today is Sunday. I have been studying all day long. On the morning, 1.
I had a dry breakfast. We have no water to drink because 2.
the water supply had cut off. The water had come back in 3.
the evening, I did maths then. I didn't stop after 12 o’clock. 4 .
After a short lunch I had the break. Then I went to my 5.
Sunday English Class.
After a long and tired class for more than two hours, I got 6.
to home. Some work had been done but some hadn’t, I must 7.
review all my subject such as the Science, the Humanities, 8.
which include Chinese, English, Politics and History as 9.
well. That’s terribly! Especially when there was no water. 10.
答案

2、 黑龙江省鹤北林业局高级中学09-10学年高一下学期期末考试（英语）
One day I told Mr Wang,our math teacher,was ill. 61.________
I was worried about him and went to see him after the school. 62.________
When I enter his room,he struggled up to welcome 63.________
me.I let him lay down again.Mr Wang looked pale. 64.________
I asked about his trouble.He said he was having 65.________
a bad cold.Then he had a bad cough.After take some 66.________
medicine he was getting better.He asked me that we 67.________
liked the teacher who took place.When he heard 68.________
everything was all right,I could see he was pleasing. 69.________
Finally I asked him don’t to worry about the work 70.________
and have a good rest.
答案
61.解析：表示“我被告知”。答案：told前加was
62.解析：school此处为抽象名词，表示“上学”。答案：去掉the
63.解析：过去的动作。答案：enter→entered
64.解析：lie此处是不带to的不定式，作宾补。答案：lay→lie
65.答案：√6.解析：taking是现在分词。after taking相当于after he took...答案：take→taking
67.解析：ask（询问）后接whether/if（是否）。答案：that→if（whether）
68.解析：take his place代替他。答案：place前加his
69.解析：please表示“感到高兴”。答案：pleasing→pleased
70.解析：ask sb. not to do sth. 要求某人别做某事。答案：don’t→not
3、 （河南省方城县月考）
Dear Mary,
I receive your E-mail just now. Don’t worry about me. I’m getting on well with my research work in the lab. But to my greatly surprise you say you will give up learn English. The reason is because you have not done well in it recently and you have lost interests. I’m afraid I couldn’t agree with you . I know it is difficulty to learn English, and English is widely used in the world today. It will be important tool in our future work. Beside, it is becoming more and more important in our daily life. If you study hard, you will be succeed. Do remember that where there is a will, there is a way. I’ m looking forward to hearing good news from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
答案

work . Beside, it is becoming more and more important in our daily life. If you study hard, you
Besides
will be succe ed. Do remember that where there is a will there is a way. I’ am looking forward to
be去掉
hearing good news from you.
4、 （河南省郑州市第47中学高一第一次月考）
71. You will go somewhere quietly to calm your friend down. 71.__________
72. She and her family hid away for nearly 25 months after they were discovered.72.__________
73. I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with the nature. 73.__________
74. End your friendship with this boy would be a stupid thing to do. 74.__________
75. As we know, there are more than one kind of English. 75.__________
76. English is one of the official language used in India. 76.__________
77. Although I still smile, but I’m not that happy. 77.__________
78. Why not join discussions and show interest in other people’s ideas. 78.___________
79. He wonders that the Smiths will come to his party. 79.___________
80. I have many hobbies, such as play basketball and so on. 80.__________
答案
71 quietly改为quiet
72. after改为before
73. 去掉the
74. End改为Ending
75. are改为is
76. language改为languages
77. 去掉but
78. join后加in
79. that改为if/whether
80. play改为playing
5、 （河南省郑州市盛同学校高一第一次月考）
English is the most wide used language in the world. 76. ______
Methods of learning English has been improved greatly 77. ______
since the begin of this century. Learning English is 78. ______
not just a matter of knowing a lots of grammar rules 79. ______
or words. English is not a “subject” like the geography 80. ______
or history, but a “skill” like swimming and football. 81. ______
You learn to swim by getting on the water and swimming. 82. ______
You learn to play football by going and kick a ball. 83. ______
And you learn English by using it, without by knowing 84. _______
about it. A student’s mastery of a language is measured by 85. ______
答案

6、 •（河南省郑州市智林学校高一第 一次月考）
Every morning John goes to work by trains. He always 76.________
buys a newspaper, it helps to make the time pass more quickly. 77.________
One Thursday morning, he turned on the sports page. He wanted 78.________
to see the report about an important football match the night 79.________
before. The repot was such interesting that he forgot to get off 80.________
at his station. He didn’t know it when he saw the sea. He got 81.________
off at the next station, and have to wait a long time for a train to 82.________
go back. Of course, he arrived very late at the office. 83.________
His boss were very angry when John told him why he was late. 84.________
“Work is very more important than football!” 85.________
答案
76.trains → train 77. it → which 78. on → to 79. see → read 80. such → so 81. when →until 82. wait 后加a 83. √ 84. were → was 85. very → much
7、 浙江省余姚中学10-11学年高一上学期第一次质量检测（英语）
I have just got some good news to tell to you. I win a national prize for painting last week. My father was so pleasing that he suggested I went to England for a holiday. I’d like to staying there for half a month, visiting place of interest or practicing my English as well. We’ve been often writing to each for a year and a half now. I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you. I imagine you’ll be at vacation yourself by that time.
Perhaps we could go out to do some sightseeing together.
答案：改错I have just got some good news to tell to （去掉to）you. I win(won) a national prize for painting last week. My father was so pleasing(pleased) that he suggested I went(go) to England for a holiday. I’d like to staying(stay) there for half a month, visiting place(places) of interest or(and) practicing my English as well. We’ve been often writing to each (加other) for a year and a half now. I have often dreamed of talk(talking) face to face with you. I imagine you’ll be at(on) vacation yourself by that time.
Perhaps we could go out to do some sightseeing together.
　　8、 浙江省温州市任岩松中学10-11学年高一第一次月考（英语）
Ladies and gentlemen,
May I have your attentions, please? In Saturday, July 27th, there will have a few visits to different places. Everyone is welcomed. All the visitors will be divided into four groups. Each group of visitors can visit one of the place – a factory, a farm, a school or a hospital. Please you sign your name at the Service Desk before 9: 00 a.m. and say what place you wish to visit. We’ll set out after the breakfast at 8 and we will return in the afternoon. We will have lunch at place of visit.
We hope you a pleasant journey. That’ s all.
Thank you.
答案
Attentions改为 attention
In 改为 On
Have 改为 be
welcomed改为 welcome
place 改为 places
Please you改为Please
say what place 改为say which place
after the breakfast 改为after breakfast
at place 改为 at one place
We hope改为We wish

短文改错应试技巧专题讲座的教学反思
陕州中学 高银红
一、学生分析：
学生在高中开始接触到短文改错这一新题型，相当一部分学生都无从下手，尽管已经练习了一段时间，但学生做这一题时得分率很低，为了提高学生的做题效果，提高该题型得分率。特此设计了本专题。
二、教学目标：
这一节课是培养学生的综合能力，让学生在理解短文的情况下顺利找出文中出现的十处错误。
三、教学内容大致分为以下几个方面：
1、介绍学生在做短文改错是出现的三种情况a. 看不出句子有错。b. 看出句子出错的地方, 但无法改正。c. 知道改正句子错误的地方, 但答案不正确。
2、给学生介绍短文改错的命题角度，分析短文改错的命题错误类型。
3、介绍做短文改错的方法。
4、进行高考真题演练。
四、教学策略：
针对学生的弱项，化整为零，各个击破，逐步训练。环环相扣，加大训练。在训练过程中，帮助学生寻找方法，巧记规律，化难为易。
五、教学过程
Step 1 leading in
What’s the main trouble when correcting a composition?
1. 看不出句子有错。
2. 看出句子出错的地方, 但无法改正。
3. 知道改正句子错误的地方, 但答案不正确。
Any rules？
Any skills？
How to correct?
反思1：开门见山引入学生做短文改错遇到的困境。这是学生在做短文改错时候遇到的普遍问题，再以此导入本节课的主要教学目的，目标明确。足够引起学生的兴趣，为下面的教学内容做好铺垫。
Step 2 How to correct a composition
1、命题角度分析
高考英语短文改错主要考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语语言知识的能力，它不同于单句改错, 考生应在理解短文的基础上, 根据上下文的逻辑关系,对文中的错误做出判断，并进行纠正。因此，该题型综合性强，涉及面广。
2、命题错误类型
短文改错所考查的知识点涵盖了中学英语中的所有的语法内容，侧重考查 :动词和非谓语动词，连词与逻辑关系，副词与形容词等，同时也兼顾考查名词，冠词，动词时态，代词，行文逻辑和固定搭配等。
反思2：从高考命题角度分析短文改错的重要性及必要性，让学生明白必须想办法解决这一题型所遇到的困难迫在眉睫。然后从命题的错误类型进行分析，让学生知道做这一类型题也是有据可依，有法可循的。克服其恐惧心理，能够迎难而上，坚定学生信心，并为下面的教学打下坚实的基础。
Step 3 Steps of correcting a composition:
1. Go through the whole passage to get a general idea .(浏览全文，掌握大意）
2. Read the passage sentence by sentence and find the mistakes.（分句阅读，逐个找错）
3. Read the passage for the third time, check the answers and correct the difficult ones.
（检查核对，攻克难点）
一、动词形
主要两类错误: 1.动词的时态和语态错误2.主、谓不一致的错误。
高考链接:
1. When the air move, we have wind.
2. In Grade Eight I took physics. In one test I get only 36 percent of the answers correct.
3.Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.
4. The hero’s story was reporting differently in the newspaper.
5.Today, I got a letter that said I had been admitting to a college.
二、名词数
指名词单、复数形式的用法错误。
高考链接:
1. Personally, I found most lesson rather uninteresting.
2. Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class
3. If you have interests in it, reply to me soon.
4. They have all sorts of course. I’m sure you will find one you like. 5.In summer, the sea under the blue skies is even more beautiful.
三、

　　每一次,都在徘徊孤单中坚强.每一次,就算很受伤也不闪泪光. 我知道,我一直有双隐形的翅膀. 带我飞,飞过绝望.伴着这动听的歌声,我看完了影片《隐形的翅膀》,让我感受到了很多很多.影片讲述了一个失去双臂的残疾女孩志华,靠自己坚强的意志,与不屑的努力取得成功的故事.我感到我有许多不如志华.志华出身农村,家境贫寒.在放风筝时,因触电而失去了双臂.上高中时,她的同学经常讥讽她,嘲笑她没有双臂.而志华并没有在乎同学怎么说她,而是仍然走自己的路.的确没错,走自己的路,让别人说去吧!古今中外,像志华这样的人,还少吗?爱迪生一生有几千种发明,而爱迪生在他的发明生涯中,并不是一帆风顺的,在这期间,他也同样受到过别人的讥讽与辱骂,但是他顶住了,他坚持走自己的路,结果成功了.的确没错,走自己的路,让别人说去吧!洪战辉,在他的人生道路中,也遇到过同学的嘲笑,但勤工俭学的他,带着妹妹上大学,并没有因为别人的嘲笑而丧失信念,而是继续走自己的求学路,最终同样取得了成功.的确没错,走自己的路,让别人说去吧!在我们身边,像志华、爱迪生、洪战辉这样取得成功的人还有许多,在他们的心中只有一个信念,那就是：走自己的路,让别人说去吧!

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