英国文学简史应该怎样复习

英国文学简史应该怎样复习~

英文的笔记

A Concise History of British Literature
Chapter 1 English Literature of Anglo-Saxon Period
I. Introduction
1. The historical background
(1) Before the Germanic invasion
(2) During the Germanic invasion
a. immigration;
b. Christianity;
c. heptarchy.
d. social classes structure: hide-hundred; eoldermen (lord) – thane - middle class (freemen) - lower class (slave or bondmen: theow);
e. social organization: clan or tribes.
f. military Organization;
g. Church function: spirit, civil service, education;
h. economy: coins, trade, slavery;
i. feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter; j. legal system.
2. The Overview of the culture
(1) The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit.
(2) Literature: a. poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures.

II. Beowulf.
1. A general introduction.
2. The content.
3. The literary features.
(1) the use of alliteration
(2) the use of metaphors and understatements
(3) the mixture of pagan and Christian elements

III. The Old English Prose
1. What is prose?
2. figures
(1) The Venerable Bede
(2) Alfred the Great
Chapter 2 English Literature of the Late Medieval Ages
I. Introduction
1. The Historical Background.
(1) The year 1066: Norman Conquest.
(2) The social situations soon after the conquest.
A. Norman nobles and serfs;
B. restoration of the church.
(3) The 11th century.
A. the crusade and knights.
B. dominance of French and Latin;
(4) The 12th century.
A. the centralized government;
B. kings and the church (Henry II and Thomas);
(5) The 13th century.
A. The legend of Robin Hood;
B. Magna Carta (1215);
C. the beginning of the Parliament
D. English and Latin: official languages (the end)
(6) The 14th century.
a. the House of Lords and the House of Commons—conflict between the Parliament and Kings;
b. the rise of towns.
c. the change of Church.
d. the role of women.
e. the Hundred Years’ War—starting.
f. the development of the trade: London.
g. the Black Death.
h. the Peasants’ Revolt—1381.
i. The translation of Bible by Wycliff.
(7) The 15th century.
a. The Peasants Revolt (1453)
b. The War of Roses between Lancasters and Yorks.
c. the printing-press—William Caxton.
d. the starting of Tudor Monarchy(1485)
2. The Overview of Literature.
(1) the stories from the Celtic lands of Wales and Brittany—great myths of the Middle Ages.
(2) Geoffrye of Monmouth—Historia Regum Britanniae—King Authur.
(3) Wace—Le Roman de Brut.
(4) The romance.
(5) the second half of the 14th century: Langland, Gawin poet, Chaucer.

II. Sir Gawin and Green Knight.
1. a general introduction.
2. the plot.

III. William Langland.
1. Life
2. Piers the Plowman

IV. Chaucer
1. Life
2. Literary Career: three periods
(1) French period
(2) Italian period
(3) master period
3. The Canterbury Tales
A. The Framework;
B. The General Prologue;
C. The Tale Proper.
4. His Contribution.
(1) He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types.
(2) He is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language.
(3) The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.

V. Popular Ballads.

VI. Thomas Malory and English Prose

VII. The beginning of English Drama.
1. Miracle Plays.
Miracle play or mystery play is a form of medieval drama that came from dramatization of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. It developed from the 10th to the 16th century, reaching its height in the 15th century. The simple lyric character of the early texts was enlarged by the addition of dialogue and dramatic action. Eventually the performance was moved to the churchyard and the marketplace.
2. Morality Plays.
A morality play is a play enforcing a moral truth or lesson by means of the speech and action of characters which are personified abstractions – figures representing vices and virtues, qualities of the human mind, or abstract conceptions in general.
3. Interlude.
The interlude, which grew out of the morality, was intended, as its name implies, to be used more as a filler than as the main part of an entertainment. As its best it was short, witty, simple in plot, suited for the diversion of guests at a banquet, or for the relaxation of the audience between the divisions of a serious play. It was essentially an indoors performance, and generally of an aristocratic nature.



























Chapter 3 English Literature in the Renaissance
I. A Historical Background

II. The Overview of the Literature (1485-1660)
Printing press—readership—growth of middle class—trade-education for laypeople-centralization of power-intellectual life-exploration-new impetus and direction of literature.
Humanism-study of the literature of classical antiquity and reformed education.
Literary style-modeled on the ancients.
The effect of humanism-the dissemination of the cultivated, clear, and sensible attitude of its classically educated adherents.
1. poetry
The first tendency by Sidney and Spenser: ornate, florid, highly figured style.
The second tendency by Donne: metaphysical style—complexity and ingenuity.
The third tendency by Johnson: reaction--Classically pure and restrained style.
The fourth tendency by Milton: central Christian and Biblical tradition.
2. Drama
a. the native tradition and classical examples.
b. the drama stands highest in popular estimation: Marlowe – Shakespeare – Jonson.
3. Prose
a. translation of Bible;
b. More;
c. Bacon.

II. English poetry.
1. Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard (courtly makers)
(1) Wyatt: introducing sonnets.
(2) Howard: introducing sonnets and writing the first blank verse.
2. Sir Philip Sidney—poet, critic, prose writer
(1) Life:
a. English gentleman;
b. brilliant and fascinating personality;
c. courtier.
(2) works
a. Arcadia: pastoral romance;
b. Astrophel and Stella (108): sonnet sequence to Penelope Dvereux—platonic devotion.
Petrarchan conceits and original feelings-moving to creativeness—building of a narrative story; theme-love originality-act of writing.
c. Defense of Poesy: an apology for imaginative literature—beginning of literary criticism.
3. Edmund Spenser
(1) life: Cambridge - Sidney’s friend - “Areopagus” – Ireland - Westminster Abbey.
(2) works
a. The Shepherds Calendar: the budding of English poetry in Renaissance.
b. Amoretti and Epithalamion: sonnet sequence
c. Faerie Queene:
 The general end--A romantic and allegorical epic—steps to virtue.
 12 books and 12 virtues: Holiness, temperance, justice and courtesy.
 Two-level function: part of the story and part of allegory (symbolic meaning)
 Many allusions to classical writers.
 Themes: puritanism, nationalism, humanism and Renaissance Neoclassicism—a Christian humanist.
(3) Spenserian Stanza.

III. English Prose
1. Thomas More
(1) Life: “Renaissance man”, scholar, statesman, theorist, prose writer, diplomat, patron of arts
a. learned Greek at Canterbury College, Oxford;
b. studies law at Lincoln Inn;
c. Lord Chancellor;
d. beheaded.
(2) Utopia: the first English science fiction.
Written in Latin, two parts, the second—place of nowhere.
A philosophical mariner (Raphael Hythloday) tells his voyages in which he discovers a land-Utopia.
a. The part one is organized as dialogue with mariner depicting his philosophy.
b. The part two is a description of the island kingdom where gold and silver are worn by criminal, religious freedom is total and no one owns anything.
c. the nature of the book: attacking the chief political and social evils of his time.
d. the book and the Republic: an attempt to describe the Republic in a new way, but it possesses an modern character and the resemblance is in externals.
e. it played a key role in the Humanist awakening of the 16th century which moved away from the Medieval otherworldliness towards Renaissance secularism.
f. the Utopia
(3) the significance.
a. it was the first champion of national ideas and national languages; it created a national prose, equally adapted to handling scientific and artistic material.
b. a elegant Latin scholar and the father of English prose: he composed works in English, translated from Latin into English biography, wrote History of Richard III.
2. Francis Bacon: writer, philosopher and statesman
(1) life: Cambridge - humanism in Paris – knighted - Lord Chancellor – bribery - focusing on philosophy and literature.
(2) philosophical ideas: advancement of science—people:servants and interpreters of nature—method: a child before nature—facts and observations: experimental.
(3) “Essays”: 57.
a. he was a master of numerous and varied styles.
b. his method is to weigh and balance maters, indicating the ideal course of action and the practical one, pointing out the advantages and disadvantages of each, but leaving the reader to make the final decisions. (arguments)

IV. English Drama
1. A general survey.
(1) Everyman marks the beginning of modern drama.
(2) two influences.
a. the classics: classical in form and English in content;
b. native or popular drama.
(3) the University Wits.
2. Christopher Marlowe: greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted of the Wits.
(1) Life: first interested in classical poetry—then in drama.
(2) Major works
a. Tamburlaine;
b. The Jew of Malta;
c. The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus.
(3) The significance of his plays.

V. William Shakespeare
1. Life
(1) 1564, Stratford-on-Avon;
(2) Grammar School;
(3) Queen visit to Castle;
(4) marriage to Anne Hathaway;
(5) London, the Globe Theatre: small part and proprietor;
(6) the 1st Folio, Quarto;
(7) Retired, son—Hamnet; H. 1616.
2. Dramatic career
3. Major plays-men-centered.
(1) Romeo and Juliet--tragic love and fate
(2) The Merchant of Venice.
Good over evil.
Anti-Semitism.
(3) Henry IV.
National unity.
Falstaff.
(4) Julius Caesar
Republicanism vs. dictatorship.
(5) Hamlet
Revenge
Good/evil.
(6) Othello
Diabolic character
jealousy
gap between appearance and reality.
(7) King Lear
Filial ingratitude
(8) Macbeth
Ambition vs. fate.
(9) Antony and Cleopatra.
Passion vs. reason
(10) The Tempest
Reconciliation; reality and illusion.
3. Non-dramatic poetry
(1) Venus and Adonis; The Rape of Lucrece.
(2) Sonnets:
a. theme: fair, true, kind.
b. two major parts: a handsome young man of noble birth; a lady in dark complexion.
c. the form: three quatrains and a couplet.
d. the rhyme scheme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg.

VI. Ben Jonson
1. life: poet, dramatist, a Latin and Greek scholar, the “literary king” (Sons of Ben)
2.contribution:
(1) the idea of “humour”.
(2) an advocate of classical drama and a forerunner of classicism in English literature.
3. Major plays
(1) Everyone in His Humour—”humour”; three unities.
(2) Volpone the Fox

















Chapter 4 English Literature of the 17th Century
I. A Historical Background

II. The Overview of the Literature (1640-1688)
1. The revolution period
(1) The metaphysical poets;
(2) The Cavalier poets.
(3) Milton: the literary and philosophical heritage of the Renaissance merged with Protestant political and moral conviction
2. The restoration period.
(1) The restoration of Charles II ushered in a literature characterized by reason, moderation, good taste, deft management, and simplicity. (school of Ben Jonson)
(2) The ideals of impartial investigation and scientific experimentation promoted by the newly founded Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge (1662) were influential in the development of clear and simple prose as an instrument of rational communication.
(3) The great philosophical and political treatises of the time emphasize rationalism.
(4) The restoration drama.
(5) The Age of Dryden.

III. John Milton
1. Life: educated at Cambridge—visiting the continent—involved into the revolution—persecuted—writing epics.
2. Literary career.
(1) The 1st period was up to 1641, during which time he is to be seen chiefly as a son of the humanists and Elizabethans, although his Puritanism is not absent. L'Allegre and IL Pens eroso (1632) are his early masterpieces, in which we find Milton a true offspring of the Renaissance, a scholar of exquisite taste and rare culture. Next came Comus, a masque. The greatest of early creations was Lycidas, a pastoral elegy on the death of a college mate, Edward King.
(2) The second period is from 1641 to 1654, when the Puritan was in such complete ascendancy that he wrote almost no poetry. In 1641, he began a long period of pamphleteering for the puritan cause. For some 15 years, the Puritan in him alone ruled his writing. He sacrificed his poetic ambition to the call of the liberty for which Puritans were fighting.
(3) The third period is from 1655 to 1671, when humanist and Puritan have been fused into an exalted entity. This period is the greatest in his literary life, epics and some famous sonnets. The three long poems are the fruit of the long contest within Milton of Renaissance tradition and his Puritan faith. They form the greatest accomplishments of any English poet except Shakespeare. In Milton alone, it would seem, Puritanism could not extinguish the lover of beauty. In these works we find humanism and Puritanism merged in magnificence.
3. Major Works
(1) Paradise Lost
a. the plot.
b. characters.
c. theme: justify the ways of God to man.
(2) Paradise Regained.
(3) Samson Agonistes.
4. Features of Milton’s works.
(1) Milton is one of the very few truly great English writers who is also a prominent figure in politics, and who is both a great poet and an important prose writer. The two most essential things to be remembered about him are his Puritanism and his republicanism.
(2) Milton wrote many different types of poetry. He is especially a great master of blank verse. He learned much from Shakespeare and first used blank verse in non-dramatic works.
(3) Milton is a great stylist. He is famous for his grand style noted for its dignity and polish, which is the result of his life-long classical and biblical study.
(4) Milton has always been admired for his sublimity of thought and majesty of expression.

IV. John Bunyan
1. life:
(1) puritan age;
(2) poor family;
(3) parliamentary army;
(4) Baptist society, preacher;
(5) prison, writing the book.
2. The Pilgrim Progress
(1) The allegory in dream form.
(2) the plot.
(3) the theme.

V. Metaphysical Poets and Cavalier Poets.
1. Metaphysical Poets
The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to designate the works of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. Pressured by the harsh, uncomfortable and curious age, the metaphysical poets sought to shatter myths and replace them with new philosophies, new sciences, new words and new poetry. They tried to break away from the conventional fashion of Elizabethan love poetry, and favoured in poetry for a more colloquial language and tone, a tightness of expression and the single-minded working out of a theme or argument.
2. Cavalier Poets
The other group prevailing in this period was that of Cavalier poets. They were often courtiers who stood on the side of the king, and called themselves “sons” of Ben Jonson. The Cavalier poets wrote light poetry, polished and elegant, amorous and gay, but often superficial. Most of their verses were short songs, pretty madrigals, love fancies characterized by lightness of heart and of morals. Cavalier poems have the limpidity of the Elizabethan lyric without its imaginative flights. They are lighter and neater but less fresh than the Elizabethan’s.

VI. John Dryden.
1. Life:
(1) the representative of classicism in the Restoration.
(2) poet, dramatist, critic, prose writer, satirist.
(3) changeable in attitude.
(4) Literary career—four decades.
(5) Poet Laureate
2. His influences.
(1) He established the heroic couplet as the fashion for satiric, didactic, and descriptive poetry.
(2) He developed a direct and concise prose style.
(3) He developed the art of literary criticism in his essays and in the numerous prefaces to his poems.









Chapter 5 English Literature of the 18th Century
I. Introduction
1. The Historical Background.
2. The literary overview.
(1) The Enlightenment.
(2) The rise of English novels.
When the literary historian seeks to assign to each age its favourite form of literature, he finds no difficulty in dealing with our own time. As the Middle Ages delighted in long romantic narrative poems, the Elizabethans in drama, the Englishman of the reigns of Anne and the early Georges in didactic and satirical verse, so the public of our day is enamored of the novel. Almost all types of literary production continue to appear, but whether we judge from the lists of publishers, the statistics of public libraries, or general conversation, we find abundant evidence of the enormous preponderance of this kind of literary entertainment in popular favour.
(3) Neo-classicism: a revival in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries of classical standards of order, balance, and harmony in literature. John Dryden and Alexander Pope were major exponents of the neo-classical school.
(4) Satiric literature.
(5) Sentimentalism

II. Neo-classicism. (a general description)
1. Alexander Pope
(1) Life:
a. Catholic family;
b. ill health;
c. taught himself by reading and translating;
d. friend of Addison, Steele and Swift.
(2) three groups of poems:
e. An Essay on Criticism (manifesto of neo-classicism);
f. The Rape of Lock;
g. Translation of two epics.
(3) His contribution:
h. the heroic couplet—finish, elegance, wit, pointedness;
i. satire.
(4) weakness: lack of imagination.
2. Addison and Steele
(1) Richard Steele: poet, playwright, essayist, publisher of newspaper.
(2) Joseph Addison: studies at Oxford, secretary of state, created a literary periodical “Spectator” (with Steele, 1711)
(3) Spectator Club.
(4) The significance of their essays.
a. Their writings in “The Tatler”, and “The Spectator” provide a new code of social morality for the rising bourgeoisie.
b. They give a true picture of the social life of England in the 18th century.
c. In their hands, the English essay completely established itself as a literary genre. Using it as a form of character sketching and story telling, they ushered in the dawn of the modern novel.
3. Samuel Johnson—poet, critic, essayist, lexicographer, editor.
(1) Life:
a. studies at Oxford;
b. made a living by writing and translating;
c. the great cham of literature.
(2) works: poem (The Vanity of Human Wishes, London); criticism (The Lives of great Poets); preface.
(3) The champion of neoclassical ideas.

III. Literature of Satire: Jonathan Swift.
1. Life:
(1) born in Ireland;
(2) studies at Trinity College;
(3) worked as a secretary;
(4) the chief editor of The Examiner;
(5) the Dean of St. Patrick’s in Dublin.
2. Works: The Battle of Books, A Tale of a Tub, A Modest Proposal, Gulliver’s Travels.
3. Gulliver’s Travels.
Part I. Satire—the Whig and the Tories, Anglican Church and Catholic Church.
Part II. Satire—the legal system; condemnation of war.
Part III. Satire—ridiculous scientific experiment.
Part IV. Satire—mankind.

...

你可以先看看汉语版本的英国文学史，同时积累作者名字和作品名字的英文写法。在熟悉、理解的基础上背诵是很快、很有成效哒。

_灬爱在|一级一、制作小卡片，随时复习
《英国文学史及选读》第一题是作家作品对号，此题看似简单，但这10分却不好拿，有的考生作家比较熟悉，却忘了他的作品；有的对作品不陌生却又记不起是谁写的了。为了加深记忆，便于复习，一个行之有效的方法就是制作小卡片。其内容可包括作家的名字，生活创作的年代，作品的名称（代表作、成名作、其他重要作品）。还可加上作品中男女主人公的名称，他们之间的关系等等。
当然，如果想详细一些的话，可以在作者的下面补充上其写作的特色，作品的后面加一其主题，限于空间，最好只写要点或关键词。

二、勤于思索，善于总结
第二题是单项选择题，约占总分值的30％，主要考察文学常识部分。这一部分涉及的面较广，应该注意每个作家在文学史上的地位，某部作品在历史转型时期所起的作用，每个时代的文学流派及其特点等等，所做的复习准备工作要扎实细致，对大纲所指定的参考书目要仔细研究，特别要留意书上结论性，评价性的言语。
第三题为双选题，大约占50％的分值，在四个给出的答案中选出两个正确的答案。显然，其难度要比单选题大，不过内容与第二题大体相当，只不过对于某些文学常识不但要记，而且要记得准。
第四题为填空题，大约占10％的分值，其考查内容为文学常识与作品选 读交叉。如在1997年的考题中有这样一道题：All of the novels written by Samuel Richardson are in the form of letters.考的是对某一作家写作特点的掌握，属于文学常识方面的知识；而“Oliver Twist/ tells the story of an orphan, whose adventures provide a description of the lower depths of London.（98年考题）考的是对狄更斯的一部分作品是否熟悉，属于作品选读方面的内容。
第五题为名词解释，份值约占15％。需要的名词往往是某种文学体裁，如：Romance，sonnet，Realistic Novel等；或是某一类别的作家群体，如：Radical Enlighteners，Lake Poets等；再或是某一文学流派，如：Sentimentalism，Neo-classicism等。回答第一类名词时要说明该体裁的特点，盛行的年代；第二类要说明盛行的年代，代表性的作家，以及其文学主张等；第三类要说明该派别有何特点和主张，盛行的年代和代表性的作家有哪些等等。

三、分析作品，便于记忆
第六题为作品题分析题，约占总分的10％，考生在该题上失分最多。究其原因，其一，没有花大量的时间来仔细阅读作品，故而印象不深；其二，由于文学语言是语言中的精华，需要有一定的文学修养和扎实的语言功底才能解读明白，尤其是英语诗歌，有些同学可能读了数遍，到头来还是一头雾水，不知所云。该题的出题方式往往是给出四行短诗，让判明出处，即作者是谁，诗的题目叫什么。还有就诗的主题，诗人所表达的感情，诗中的意象以及其他方面的内容提出问题。若想答好这道题，如果不对作品进行深入的分析是不可能的。笔者认为略微学点Poetic Form（诗体），即英诗格律方面的知识对于理解记忆诗歌大有好处，如莎士比亚善Sonnet（十四行诗），弥尔顿不朽的史诗Paradise Lost是用Black verse（素体诗）写成，从诗体着眼，有助于我们正确作出判断。另外，还可从Subject Matter（题材）方面入手，英诗有史诗，抒情诗，叙事诗，哲理诗等，选读中以抒情诗为主，如拜伦，雪莱诗中革命激情的奔放，华兹华斯诗中隐含着的对自然欲语还休的淡淡的忧伤等。换句话说，诗歌的风格，表达的思想感情，都能为我们判断诗歌提供线索。

四、体裁为经，历史为纬
最后两道题分别是简答题和论述题，约占总分的20％，其内容往往涉及到某一作家的写作特点，在文学史上的地位和作用其考查；某一部作品的主题，复述作品的故事梗概；某一文学流派的特点和主张等等。为准备这部分内容，可以把指定参考书中所有的作家作品按小说，诗歌，戏剧，散文分类，即以体裁为经，纵向比较各个作家各有何特点，当然，这里会有交叉，一位作者的创作领域会有多样性，既可能是小说家同时又是诗人。以历史为纬，把文学史上所有的文学流派纵向分类比较，即某一时期的某一流派是如何既背离又继承前一时期的文学传统，同时又为下一时期的某种文学流派的兴起开辟了道路。

希望能够帮助你。

英文版的？中文版的？

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塔城地区15943536034： 大三英语专业英国文学史应该怎样复习? - ？
繁待降纤： 按上课笔记来复习就好,如果是为了应付考试,那是很简单的

塔城地区15943536034： 英国文学简史应该怎样复习 - ？
繁待降纤： 心平气和认真看书,文学本来就是细活儿,急不得的,笔记自己整理最好,每个人学习情况不同,看别人整理的东西不太舒心.

塔城地区15943536034： 英美文学简史 - ？
繁待降纤： 首先要搞清楚时间跟流派,在流派下面记住代表人物跟代表作品,如果不怕麻烦可以另外整理出来;考试一般不会太难的,基本上也不会考的很偏,能大概的记下来就肯定能过的;不过如果想要考高分的话,就需要好好研究了,那可是很花时间跟精力的!

塔城地区15943536034： 英语专业考研 常耀信的英美文学简史的书怎么去复习啊 书很厚啊 !!! - ？
繁待降纤： 我也是想考英美文学,我看了几页之后发现自己有很多词都不认识,一边看一边查单词很浪费时间.我感觉得现有一定的单词量,15000个是最基本的了,还有就是自己翻译的功底,所以我现在正在背单词,还有就是看一些翻译技巧方面的书,一两个月之后,再买一本配套的常耀信英美文学简史的配套教辅书还有笔记整理,搭配着看,我感觉这样的话效果会更好一点,.当然背单词期间的方法是多样的,可以通过练阅读、练听力的时候背,方法当然就是背词缀了.但是我现在还没有看文学史的书呢,寒假正在学二外日语和看翻译技巧的书.最后想问你一下,你考哪个学校啊?是复旦吗?复旦就用常耀信的书.我现在也挺烦恼的,我是三跨考生,心理更没底啊!英基也是无从下手

塔城地区15943536034： 英国文学简史刘炳善期末考试怎么复习啊,都是英文?？
繁待降纤： 你可以先看看汉语版本的英国文学史,同时积累作者名字和作品名字的英文写法.在熟悉、理解的基础上背诵是很快、很有成效哒.

塔城地区15943536034： 英国文学该怎样复习? - ？
繁待降纤： 多看原版英文原著,特别是莎士比亚的悲喜剧.可以从中看到英文文学的原型,因为文学是社会的缩影.

塔城地区15943536034： 哪位大神告诉我英国文学咋复习? ？
繁待降纤： 制作小卡片,随时复习 二、勤于思索,善于总结 三、分析作品,便于记忆 四、体裁为经,历史为纬

塔城地区15943536034： 请问英美文学该如何复习? - ？
繁待降纤： 看重点,比如说作者,然后他的一些比较重要的封号(比如说某某被封为诗歌之父什么的)这些都会考 然后是那些作家的代表作名称 ,最有名的一定要记下来,然后其他的作品要有印象,有可能会考单选题 像一些非常有名的名篇 比如说哈姆雷特之类的 要去了解整篇的大意 中心思想啊 人物特点 写作手法什么的

塔城地区15943536034： 请问:英美文学复习最重要看什么?还剩一天,我应该看些什么?...？
繁待降纤： 如果只是应付期末考试,一天的时间,建议你把英美文学分为几个时期,比如,英国文学,可以分为,中世纪文学,骑士文学,莎士比亚时期文学等等...... 当然不同的课本可能对每个阶段的概括名称不同. 分成阶段以后,着重看看每个阶段的历史背景,主流文化倾向,然后选出极为一流作家的作品,看看他们的写作风格,个人特色,写作技巧,代表作等等. 可以参考其他同学的笔记看一看老师当时讲的重点. 大学的考试不是很难的,不用紧张,我当时最喜欢学英美文学,今年刚刚考了英美文学的研究生,希望我的建议能够对你有所帮助! 祝你取得好成绩.

塔城地区15943536034： 外国文学史应该怎么学习啊,考了好几次也没过 - ？
繁待降纤： 我也有同感,曾经考过两次都没过(一次55分 一次58分)今年十月份才考得外国文学史,觉得考得不错,我觉得这门课作品多,人名多,很难记!而且背串了,这次我采用多次复习的方法,考试之前我大概复习了四遍.