英语中哪些单词放在句首用倒装,哪些不用?
英语语法:完全倒装和部分倒装详解 英语句子的语序通常是主语在前,谓语在后,这种语序称作正常语序或自然语序。但有时出于语法或达到某种修辞目的(强调、承上启下、平衡等)的需要,要把谓语动词放在主语前面,这种语序称作倒装(Inversion)语序。将谓语动词完全移至主语之前,称完全倒装(Full Inversion);如果只是把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,称为部分倒装。 1. there be结构的倒装 在“there be”(或there + appear to be,come,exist, happen to be, lie, live, occur, remain, seem, seem to be, stand, used to be) 雪结构中,倒装形式为完全倒装。如: There were many students in the reading room in this evening. 今晚阅览室里有许多学生。 There is a TV set, a stereo system and a number of chairs in the sitting room. 客厅里有一台电视机,一套组合音响和一些椅子。 2. here,there,now,then等引起的倒装 在以here,there,now,then等简短副词引起的句子中(前三个须用一般现在时),动词往往是be,come,go等时, 这类句子大多带有引起注意的含义。如: Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你久盼的信在这儿。 但要注意:如果主语是人称代词,则不用倒装。如: Here they are. 他们在这儿。 3. 省略if的非真实条件状语从句中的倒装 虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时,were, had, should须移至主语之前。如: Had you worked harder at college, you would have got better job. 如果你在大学期间读书用功些,现在就会找到一份更好的工作。 Were he better qualified, he would apply for the position. 要是他的条件再好些,他就申请这个职位。 4. 副词so, neither, nor等引起的倒装 在用so, nor, neither表示“也/不……”这一类结构里其公式是: 肯定: so+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语 否定: Neither(nor)+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语。如: —He has been to Beijing.他去过北京。 —So have I.我也去过。 —They can’t answer the question.他们不会回答这个问题。 —Neither than I.我也不会。 5. what,how引起的倒装 以What, how开头的感叹句(表语或宾语提前)。如: What beautiful weather (it is)! 多好的天气啊!(表语提前) What a lovely picture he painted! 他画了一张多好的画啊!(宾语提前) 6. 疑问词或连接词引起的倒装 在疑问词或连接词whether等引起的从句中。如: Whatever you may say, I won’t go there. 无论你怎样说,我都不会去那儿。(状语从句中宾语提前) What book he wants is not clear. 他要什么书还不清楚。(主语从句中宾语提前)以上仅部分内容,全文请参考: http://www.2abc8.com/a/waiyu/yufa/2011/0102/23913.html
1.副词only置于句首, 强调方式状语、 条件状语、 地点状语、 时间状语等状语时, 主句要进行部分 倒装。例如: Only in a big city was it possible to buy newwheelchairs. 只有在大城市里才能买到新轮椅。 2.如果放于句首的only所修饰的不是状语时, 该句不用倒装。例如: Only John can save me. 只有约翰能够救我。 3.如果被only所强调的状语为状语从句, 该状语从句不倒装, 只对主句进行倒装。如: Only when we had studied the data again did we realize that there was a mistake. only + 状语放在句首,要部分倒装。Only on such a trip can you learn so much about European artists. (介词短语)Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语)Only then did I realize the importance of English. (副词)Only when the war was over was he able to get happily back to work. (从句)
倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化,主要作用是强调被提前的部分倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种:
一、全部倒装
谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装,如:
Out came his guest.
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.
There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒装
助动词或情态动词提至主语之前,谓语动词位置不变,即为部分倒装,如:
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn't her invitation appeal to you?
第一节 否定词提前倒装
否定词用于句首时,句子应进行部分倒装
否定词常用的有:
Not only…(but also), Not until(直到…..才),
No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom
Hardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/Little
Neither/Nor (也不) Nwhere
At no time Under no circumstances(决不)
On no account (决不) In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用,需注意:后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装,只有否定词之后的部分倒装
如:Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he came out first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.
Seldom does he travel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中,需填入的是倒装部分,只要在句首见到上述的词,就应条件反射的想到用倒装句
第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装
当句子没有宾语,且主语偏长时,往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首,引起主谓的全部倒装
如:In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had cast.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the government, which she had blamed for all the social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.
第三节 副词提前倒装
副词提至句首引起倒装,可分以下几种情况:
1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)
或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前,必须部分倒装
如:Only then did he realize how stupid he had been.
Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was danger.
Only in the library can she concentrate on her study.
2. often, such, so等副词提前,部分倒装
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam.
=He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam.
Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer.
注意,so的另一种倒装是表示“也…”
California relies heavily on income from crops, and so does Florida.
加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入,佛罗里达也是这样
同理,体会一下neither, nor的倒装
He can't dance, neither/nor can I.= I can't, either.
他不会跳舞,我也不会。
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前,全部倒装
如:Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside. 解释:此句是how many 引导的疑问句, 缺少倒装的谓语部分, 但因主语people已出现在句首疑问词之后, 不需要再进行主谓倒装. A B 中的they是people的重复, 没有必要; D 不能单独作谓语
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here there out in up down away now then 等副词位于句首全倒装 不过这种情况只用于Be动词和不及物动词 (如 go come rush stand 等)如果主语是代词的话不能到装 还有很多就不讲了哈 "睡觉了
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