反意疑问句的规则
反意疑问句的规则如下:
1、当陈述部分的主语是I,而句子又用来征询对方的意见时,附加疑问句中的主语用you。如:
I find English very interesting,don't you?
I don't like that film,do you?
2、当陈述部分的主语是everybody,everyone,someone,nobody,no one,somebody等合成代词时,附加疑问句中的主语通常用they。但亦可用he,尤其是nobody,no one等作主语,具有否定概念时。如:
Somebody phoned while I was out,didn't they?
Everyone enjoyed the party,didn't they?
Nobody wants to go there,does he?
3、当陈述部分的主语是不定代词everything,nothing,anything,something时,附加疑问句中的主语一般用it,不用they。如:
Everything seems all right now,doesn't it?
Nothing is kept in good order,is it?
Something must be done to stop pollution,isn't it?
4、当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this,that或these,those时,附加疑问句中的主语分别用it和they。如:
This is important,isn't it?
That isn't correct,is it?
These are your friends Tom and Jack,aren't they?
5、如果陈述部分是以代词one作主语,附加疑问句中的主语在正式场合用one,非正式场合用you,在美国英语中,在非正式场合还可以用he。如:
One can't be too careful,can one?或can you?
One should do his duty,shouldn't he?
6、如果陈述部分用I'm…结构,附加疑问部分一般用aren't I。如:
I am strong and healthy aren't I.
7、当陈述句为there be结构时,附加疑问句中的主语也用there。如:
There's no help for it,is there?
There's something wrong,isn't there?
8、陈述部分带有seldom,hardly,never,rarely,few,little,nowhere,nothing等否定词或半否定词时,附加疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如:
Bob rarely got drunk,did he?
Few people know him,do they?
She seldom goes to the cinema,does she?
如果陈述部分的否定词带有否定前缀,那么,该陈述部分作肯定处理,附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。如:
He was unsuccessful,wasn't he?
Tom dislikes the book,doesn't he?
9、当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系。如:
She says that I did it,doesn't she?
I told them not everybody could do it ,didn't I?
但当陈述部分的主语是I,谓语是think,believe,suppose,expect这类动词时,附加疑问部分则往往与从句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系,但要注意否定的转移。
I suppose that he's serious isn't he?
I don't think she cares,does she?
10、当陈述部分是并列句,附加疑问句则需和就近的分句的主语和谓语一致。如:
Xiao Lin has been writing letters all afternoon but he should finish them now,shouldn't he?
11、在由“祈使句+附加疑问”构成的附加疑问句中,附加疑问部分一般用will you,won't you,would you,有时也可用can you,can't you,why don't you,could you等。如:
Don't open the door,will you?
Give me some cigarettes,can you?
Take a rest,why don't you?
但是,以let's开头的祈使句,附加疑问部分用shall we;以let us开头的祈使句,如果含义是allow us,不包括听话人在内,疑问部分用will you。如:
Let's have a basketball match this afternoon,shall we?
Let us go out for a rest,will you?
12、当陈述部分带有情态动词must表示“必须”时,疑问部分用mustn't。如:
You must work hard next term,mustn't you?
I must answer the letter,mustn't I?
但若表推测这层含义时,不能用must,而要根据陈述部分的不定式结构(即must之后的动词)以及含义采用相应的动词形式。如:
You must have made a mistake,haven't you?
They must have seen the film last week,didn't they?
He must be in the library,isn't he?
13、当陈述部分含有情态动词used to时,疑问部分可用usedn't或didn't。如:
The old man used to smoke,didn't he?或usedn't he?
Tom used to live here,usedn't he?或didn't he?
14. 当陈述部分带有情态动词ought to时,疑问部分用oughtn't或shouldn't。如:
He ought to know the answer,oughtn't he?
We ought to read this book,oughtn't we?或shouldn't we?
15、当陈述部分含有had better时,疑问部分用had。
如:
You'd better finish your homework now,hadn't you?
16、感叹句后的附加疑问句的谓语动词需用be的现在时,且常用否定形式。如:
What a clever boy,isn't he?
What a lovely day,isn't it?
17、陈述句子中的主语为动词不定式短语、动名词短语或其他短语时,疑问部分的主语通常用it。如:
Learning how to repair motors takes a long time,doesn't it?
Between six and seven will suit you,won't it?
Where to hold the meeting has not been decided,has it?
18、在口语和非正式文体中,为了加强语气,只是表示某种惊奇、怀疑、反感、讽刺等感情而并不是为了寻求回答,这时前后两部分的肯定、否定是一致的。如:
Oh,he is a writer,is he?
You'll not go,won't you?
19、陈述句中的谓语动词是wish,表示愿望时用may,且用肯定形式。如:
I wish to have a chance to learn English,may I?
20、当陈述部分带有表示“所有”含义的动词have(has)时,疑问部分既可用have形式,也可用do形式。如:
You have a new bike,haven't you(或don't you)?
She doesn't have any money in her pocket,does she?
反义疑问句回答规则
以进一步强调肯定或否定的含义。总结起来,回答反义疑问句的规则是:如果主句是肯定陈述句,疑问句部分的回答应该是否定形式;如果主句是否定陈述句,疑问句部分的回答应该是肯定形式。有时候可以简化回答为"Yes"或"No",但在需要提供更详细回答的情况下,最好给予完整的回答。
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