游梁式抽油机大马拉小车问题

谁能帮我翻译下这个，一定要用石油专业英语··谢谢了··最好快点~

针对目前现有的常规游梁式抽油机由于自身的结构限制，存在装机功率大，大马拉小车的现象，电动机效率低。
In view of the current existing conventional the beam pumping unit because of their limited structure, there are installed power is great, the phenomena of Malawi, motor efficiency is low.

其主要原因是常规游梁式抽油机为曲柄平衡，启动功率大。
The main cause is the conventional the beam pumping unit for crank balanced, start big power.

为了解决这一问题，设计了一种新型的无级变速抽油机，以达到节能降耗，降低运行成本的目的。
In order to solve this problem, design a kind of new stepless speed of the pumping unit, in order to achieve saving energy consumption, and reduce the operating cost purposes.

该新型抽油机的设计特点是：将常规游梁式抽油机的减速箱变为无级变速装置，曲柄平衡变为游梁平衡，可以进行软启动，降低装机功率，提高电动机的运行效率和功率的利用率。
The new design characteristics of the pumping unit is: will the beam pumping unit of conventional reducer become stepless speed device, crank balanced to swim LiangPingHeng, soft start, reduce the installed power, enhancing the efficiency of motor and power utilization.

实现驴头上下往复摆动的方式很多，其中四连杆机构是最优选的结构。
Realize the donkey head down the way many swung repeatedly, including four bar linkage is the optimal structure.

其结构简单，可靠性高。
Its simple structure, high reliability.

驴头摆动换向平稳（换向时速度等于零），所以新型无级变速抽油机仍然采用四连杆机构。
The donkey head swinging the reversing stable (the speed is equal to zero), so new CVT pumping unit still using four bar linkage.

对新型无级变速抽油机驴头悬点运动规律进行精确分析，通过悬点冲程长度，估算四连杆尺寸，并着重对无级变速箱曲柄轴扭矩进行计算，编写了相应的计算程序，对不同数据下所得到了扭矩曲线进行比较，选择扭矩曲线比较平稳，峰值小且无负扭矩的一组作为设计参数，对主要零部件进行结构设计、力学分析及强度校核。
For new CVT pumping the donkey head hanging point movement rule of accurate analysis, through the horsehead stroke length, estimate the four connecting rod size, and focuses on the crank shaft torque transmission stepless calculated, write the corresponding computational procedure for different data of income compared to torque curve, choose torque curve smoothly, peak and no small bear of a group of torque as design parameters, the main parts structure design, mechanics analysis and strength check.

通过计算得出这种新型无级变速抽油机的优点在于：
The calculations this new type of stepless speed of the unit advantage is that:

1.无级变速箱扭矩的输出值比常规抽油机低32.9%；
1. Stepless transmission torque output value of the pumping unit is 32.9% lower than normal;

2.无负扭矩、均方根扭矩要比常规型抽油机小30%；
2. No negative torque, root mean square torque than conventional pumping unit type small 30%;

3.电动机的平均启动功率比常规抽油机的启动功率低50.9%；
3. The average start motor power than conventional pumping unit start-up power low 50.9%;

4.电动机实耗功率比常规型抽油机降低11.4%。
4. Motor power consumption than conventional type of pumping unit is reduced by 11.4%.

In view of the current existing conventional beam pumping unit because of its own structural constraints, presence of installed power big, big horse car phenomenon, the motor efficiency is low. The main reason is that the conventional beam pumping unit for crank balance, large starting power. In order to solve this problem, design a new type of stepless variable speed pumping unit, to achieve energy saving, the purpose of reducing operating costs.The model design of pumping unit is characterized in that: the conventional beam pumping unit reducer for stepless speed change device, crank balance into the balance beam, can be soft start, reduced power, improve the motor efficiency and the power utilization rate. Realization of up and down reciprocating swing horsehead in many ways, of which four connecting rod mechanism is the most preferred structure. It has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability. Horse head swinging reversing smooth ( reversing speed equal to zero ), so the new stepless variable speed pumping machine still using the four bar linkage mechanism.On the new type stepless variable speed pumping unit horsehead hanging point movement for accurate analysis, through the suspension stroke length, estimation of four dimension, and focuses on the continuously variable transmission crank shaft torque is calculated, the corresponding computational procedure is compiled, for different data which are obtained from the torque curve comparison, selection of torque curve smooth peak, small and no negative torque of a group as a design parameter, the main parts for structure design, mechanics analysis and strength check.Through calculating the stepless variable speed pumping machine has the advantages:1continuously variable transmission torque output values than conventional oil pumping machine low32.9%;2no negative torque, RMS torque than the conventional pumping unit small 30%;3Motor average starting power than conventional oil pumping machine start low power50.9%;4motor actual power consumption than conventional pumping unit is reduced by 11.4%.分享到

你的想法很好，是动了脑子的。但时你的理解有错误。
通常说的“大马拉小车”有两个意思。
1、电机功率大于油井所需要的功率。如果抽油机正常情况下22千万的电机就能保证正常运行，实际配备电机是30千万，这就是“大马拉小车”。之所以产生这种现象，并不是为了解决启动电流大而增加电机功率（这一点有解决办法，不需用提高电机功率的办法来解决），主要是要留一部分“功率余量”，以应对油井出现异常情况时电机仍能正常运行。如油井结蜡、含水增加、有轻微的砂卡等情况。另一个原因时设计电机时选型过大。
2、如果一口油井安装5型抽油机就能正常生产，而实际安装的是8型抽油。那么配备的电机功率也随之增加。这也是“大马拉小车”。其主要原因是抽油机选型有问题造成的。
一般来说，各油田在设计抽油机和电机时，都考虑了油井各种因素，也包括安全因素，一般选型都比较大，“功率余量”较充足。另外，油田也不在乎这点投资和这点电费。

你好，请教您一个问题，如果电机串电阻怎么会增加转矩。电机转矩的公式里，和电机电没有关系啊？

---

甘南藏族自治州17532773717： 油田抽油机节电器的原理? - ？
宿文泻痢： 目前油田使用的抽油机节电设备有好几种,其各自的原理也不同,抽油机工作时有做功和发电两种状态,上提是在做功,下放时处于发电状态,其实它就是加了一个逆变器,把发电状态下的能量逆变后回馈到电网中去了,减少了电网的无功损耗...

甘南藏族自治州17532773717： 谁能帮我翻译下这个,一定要用石油专业英语··谢谢了··最好快点 - ？
宿文泻痢： 针对目前现有的常规游梁式抽油机由于自身的结构限制,存在装机功率大,大马拉小车的现象,电动机效率低. In view of the current existing conventional the beam pumping unit because of their limited structure, there are installed power is great, ...

甘南藏族自治州17532773717： 如果抽油机没有平衡块,怎么调平衡 - ？
宿文泻痢： 一般说来,抽油机有三种:曲柄平衡、游梁平衡、复合平衡.每种抽油机都有平衡装置,只是平衡方式不同罢了.你说的“没有平衡块”,可能是指曲柄上没有装平衡块.这种抽油机应属于游梁平衡,你可观察一下,在游梁的尾部,是不是装有平衡块.

甘南藏族自治州17532773717： 游梁式抽油机,在上行和下行时平衡块对应位置 - ？
宿文泻痢： 根据四连杆传动,平衡块在最高或者最低点的时候输出的扭矩为0,在水平点的时候输出扭矩最大,而对于普通横梁式抽油机在如果采用普通泵,上冲程和下冲程在抽油杆和油管拉伸过程结束后,如果不考虑其他力的作用,其实是两个不一样大的恒力,所以,只需要保证平衡块的上下最大扭矩作用在两个恒力中就可以,至于是不是最高最低点,原理上是不一定的,但是上下冲程最高最低点是很容易被视觉确认的,而且在安装过程中也较为容易做到,由于井下应力的改变是不确定的,所以采用上下冲程最高最低点的做法有他实际的意义.

甘南藏族自治州17532773717： 什么是抽油机的冲程和冲次? - ？
宿文泻痢： 冲程是抽油机运转过程中,光杆运行到上死点和下死点之间的距离. 冲次指在抽油机井中,抽油杆每分钟上下往复运动的次数.现在油田上用的抽油机,冲次都在4以上.产量高的油井,喜欢冲次高的抽油机. 因为产液量大,冲次跟不上趟,就...

甘南藏族自治州17532773717： 关于“大马拉小车”的问题! - ？
宿文泻痢： 如果说是大功率的变频器只以小功率输出的话,那再变频器这一段的电能损耗就比较大,别的想不出来.

甘南藏族自治州17532773717： 油田的抽油机是怎样工作的 - ？
宿文泻痢： 游梁式抽油机(磕头机)工作时,驴头悬点上作用的载荷是变化的.上冲程时,驴头悬点提起与悬绳器相连的抽油杆柱和液柱,在抽油机未进行平衡的条件下,电动机就要付出很大的能量.在下冲程时,抽油机杆柱反转而对电动机做功,使电动...

甘南藏族自治州17532773717： 游梁式抽油机和螺杆泵的差别 - ？
宿文泻痢： 差别如下: 1、螺杆泵是容积式转子泵,它是依靠由螺杆和衬套形成的密封腔的容积变化来吸入和排出液体的.螺杆泵按螺杆数目分为单螺杆泵、双、三和五螺杆泵. 2、游梁式抽油机的特点是流量平稳、压力脉动小、有自吸能力、噪声低、效率高、寿命长、工作可靠;而其突出的优点是输送介质时不形成涡流、对介质的粘性不敏感,可输送高粘度介质.

甘南藏族自治州17532773717： 抽油机驴头为什么是弯的 - ？
宿文泻痢： 抽油机驴头做成弧形的,是为了保证游梁在上下摆动过程中,负荷挂在驴头上的光杆始终对准井口中心,它是以中轴为圆点,游梁前臂长为半径,画圆得到的弧.