帮忙翻译
1. Tom is very speedy of get up, finish eating a breakfast post - to stand to by the roadside wait for traveling the connecting of car to send.Led a short while, the tour car came, Tom and the classmates together happy that the earth traveled.
2)
Mary is reading in the library, side have two kids in the clamoring of horselaugh, hence Mary makes them don't want noise and lets them pipes down to read.
3)
Other classmates at write operative of time, Tom after running to last leg-pull in the platform, being as a result seen by the teacher, scolding Tom, Tom doesn't dare pull a prank, but quiet writing industry.
4)
The Tom school holds a volleyball game today.After game begins, the Tom very aggressive earth bounces ball and carelessly hits a prinipal as a result, hence the game stopped.
窦娥从小死了母亲,她父亲窦天章是一位穷书生,因为上京赶考缺少盘缠,便把年仅七岁的她卖给蔡婆婆家做童养媳。窦娥十七岁与蔡氏之子成婚,可成婚没两年,丈夫就生病死了,只剩下了窦娥和她婆婆两人相依为命。
当地有个流氓叫张驴儿,欺负蔡家婆媳无依无靠,跟他父亲张老儿一起赖在蔡家,逼迫蔡婆婆嫁给张老儿。蔡婆婆软弱怕事,勉强答应了。张驴儿又胁迫窦娥跟他成亲,窦娥坚决拒绝。还把张驴儿痛骂了一顿。
张驴儿怀恨在心。没过几天,蔡婆婆生病了,要窦娥做羊肚汤给她吃。张驴儿便偷偷地在汤里下了毒药,想先毒死蔡婆婆,再逼窦娥成亲。窦娥把羊肚汤端给蔡婆婆喝。蔡婆婆接过碗,忽然不舒服要呕吐,就让给张老儿喝了。
张老儿中了毒,在地上翻滚几下就咽了气。张驴儿没想到毒死了自己父亲,恼怒不已,便把杀人的罪名栽赃到窦娥身上。告到楚州衙门。
楚州知府贪赃枉法,背地里被张驴儿用钱买通了,不问青红皂白便把窦娥抓到公堂讯问,逼她招认。窦娥受尽拷打,痛得死去活来,还是不肯承认。
知府知道窦娥待她婆婆很孝顺,就当着窦娥的面要拷打蔡婆婆。窦娥想到婆婆年纪大了,受不起这个酷刑,只好含冤招供,承认是自己下毒。于是贪官知府便将窦娥定了死罪,押到刑场去处决。
临刑前,窦娥满腔冤屈无处可诉,她不想就这么白白死去,于是含着热泪向苍天起誓:“我窦娥真的是被冤枉的,我的冤屈只有老天爷知道。为了证明我的清白,我死后,一要让这刀过头落,一腔热血全溅在上空的白练上,二要天降大雪,遮盖我的尸体,三要让楚州从此大旱三年!”
刽子手行刑后。窦娥的鲜血竟然一滴都没有落在地上,全部飞溅在了高挂的白布上。当时围观的百姓暗自称奇。紧接着天地变色,狂风大作,天空飘起鹅毛大雪,密密地覆盖在窦娥的身上。那时候正是六月夏天,每一个在场的人都惊呼:“这窦娥真是冤枉的!”
接下来,楚州果真大旱了三年。所有人都相信窦娥的冤屈,为窦娥抱不平,直到窦娥的父亲窦天章在京城做官返乡,窦娥的冤案才得到昭雪,杀人凶手张驴儿被处以死刑,贪官知府也得到了应有的惩罚。
扩展资料:
窦娥想不到的是她们才离虎口又进狼窝,这张驴儿是个典型的流氓,救她们婆媳本就有别的企图。他与父亲强行搬进蔡家,威逼蔡家婆媳与其父子成亲。窦娥不从,张驴儿想毒死蔡婆再向窦娥下手,没想到却毒死了自己的父亲。
他诬告窦娥杀人,太守桃杌不认真侦查案件,只是一味刑讯逼供,为了保护婆婆,窦娥只好含冤认罪,她因此被判处死刑。临刑前,为了表示自己的冤屈,她立下三桩誓言:血溅白练、六月飞雪、大旱三年,结果一一应验。
像绝大多数中国老戏一样,《窦娥冤》也有个光明的尾巴:三年后,窦娥的冤魂向已成廉访使的父亲控诉,冤案得以昭雪,恶人一一得到惩处:首恶张驴儿被斩首,赛卢医被发配充军,桃杌被革职永不叙用。
文学是现实的一面镜子,有什么样的生活就会有什么样的文学作品。在《窦娥冤》里,流氓横行霸道,官吏草营人命,平民百姓有苦无处说、有冤无处诉,社会无比黑暗。真实的元代,老百姓的生存状况是如何呢。
张宏杰《中国国民性演变历程》一书写到了元代统治者的屠城。“鞑靼过关,取所掠山东两河少壮男女数十万,皆杀之”。蒙古攻灭金朝,人口比战争之前减少了百分之九十。宋代四川人口近两千万,元军过后,只剩八十万。
后来,蒙古贵族觉得把汉人全部杀尽了,没人给他们做奴隶,屠城的事才渐渐减少。元朝统治集团完全不把被征服者当人看,他们将奴隶叫作“驱口”,即供驱使的人口,在“人市”可以自由买卖。
一个中等官员可以使唤上百个驱口,一个大使长(奴隶主)的驱口则有成千上万,忽必烈宠臣阿合马就占有七千多个驱口。这些驱口不仅得向使长缴租,还必须向政府纳赋。驱口是没有任何人格尊严的,元朝法律规定“驱口与钱物同”。
蒙古贵族想要得到汉人的田地,无需用钱租买,只需将原主人赶走就行。赶走了汉人,就让田地荒芜,生出野草,以利放牧,时人记载说:“今王公大人之家,或占民田近乎千顷,不耕不稼,谓之草场,专放孳畜。”
为了笼络蒙古贵族,蒙古大汗甚至经常将农田和作为农田主人的汉人赏赐给王公功臣,一点也不在乎被当成赏赐物的汉人的感受。
蒙古官员断案也绝无公正可言。他们目不识丁,“高坐堂上,大小事务一切付之于吏,可否施行,漫不省录”。官既不管事,也管不了事,吏员便趁机以案生财,谁给的钱多就为谁办事,大江南北,地痞流氓为非作歹,窦娥这样的蒙冤者胜不胜数。
元代当政者对汉人的生产、生活进行严格限制。比如汉人每二十家被编成一甲,由蒙古人做甲主。甲主的所有花销都要这二十户汉人承担。晚上一更三点之后禁止出行、点灯、活动。为了防止汉人造反,皇家禁止民众田猎、习武、拿兵器、聚众、野行。
每五家汉族人才可以拥有一把菜刀,而且这把菜刀平时还要放到蒙古人家里,要做饭时临时借用一下。只有蒙古人同意,汉族人才能生火起灶,汉族人习惯地称管制自己的蒙古人男的为“老灶爷”,女的为“老灶奶”。
参考资料来源:人民网-《窦娥冤》背后的元代政治温度
The subject of technology
Tender documents
Construction Technology
Project Team
Improve after-security system
Ensure timely completion of construction work
Construction of concrete programmes and measures to ensure that the detailed bids.
The tenders for the lower part of the viaduct bored piles, construction of the pile will encounter karst formation; upper row for the reinforced concrete box girder, prestressed concrete simple hollow beam and reinforced concrete box girder simple, long cycle construction, technology High standards; bear the construction period, heavy tasks, and there is a certain difficulty in construction; large volume of materials, high-altitude operations, such as inter-railway potential with many factors of insecurity, to strengthen coordination and orderly operation, and increase the intensity of safety management According to Time arrangements, required construction of the rainy season, the need to strengthen technical measures to ensure the construction quality of the rainy season, construction of the Dalian city to strictly enforce the relevant provisions of civilization, for environmental protection. The tender organized at the construction site preparation and construction, layout and construction of temporary facilities floor plan layout, construction period assurance, security guarantee system and so on to note the detailed planning, focused and appropriate levels of detail, for the smooth implementation of projects to organizations Prepared.
Especially for first-of prestressed concrete simple hollow beam, such as reinforced concrete box girder for the construction of the main points of the detailed description and draw process maps, lists of points and difficult issues and attention to ensure the rational and efficient guidance of construction.
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