什么情况下的定语从句只能用that不能用which?还有如果先行词有most of 修饰时只能用that么?
that 和which在定语从句中都是做关系代词,指代先行词是事物的名词或代词(that还可以指代人,which 不可以).通常情况下二者可以互换.但是在用法上还是有一定区别的,接下来我就想你介绍一下两者的区别你就知道什么情况下只能用which了!
which的用法:
1,引导非限制性定语从句时,通常要用which
The current, which is very rapid, makes the river dangerous. 水流湍急,使这条河很危险。
2,直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常要用which
She may be late, in which case we ought to wait for her. 她可能晚到,那样我们就要等等她。
that的用法:
1,当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing) 等时,通常用that
2,当先行词有the very, the only, the same 等修饰时,通常用that
3,当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时,通常用that
4,当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用that
5,当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用that
定语从句只能用that而不能用which的六种情况:1、如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。如:
All that can be done has been done.能做的都已经做了 。He will tell you everything that he heard about it. 他将告诉你他所听到的关于这件事的一切。2、当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much所修饰时,只能用that,如:
There is little work that is fit for you.没什么工作运合你做。I have eaten all the food that is left.我把剩下的所有食物都吃了 。
3、先行词是序数词或最高级形容词时,或者先行词被序数词(包括last,next)、最高级形容词及the only, the very等修饰时。如:
This is the first film that I have seen since I came here.这是我到这里后所看的第一场电影。This is the best that has been used against pollution.这是用来防止污染的最好办法。This is the very book that I am looking for.这正是我一直在寻找的那本书。
4、先行词包括人和物时,关系代词应该用that。如:
They often talk about the people and the things that they are interested in. 他们常常谈论那些他们感兴趣的人和事。Luxun and his works that we are familiar with are considered great. 人们认为我们所熟识的鲁迅及其作品都很伟大。
5、当主句是以who或which升头的疑问句时,为了避免重复,多用that导。如:
Which is the house that caught fire last night? 昨晚失火的是哪座房子? Who is the lady that is playing the piano? 在弹钢琴的那位小姐是谁?
6、当先行词在定语从句中作表语时,只能用that。如:This is a book that I have been looking for since last week.这就是那本自上周以来我一直在寻找的书。
1)不用that的情况
a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时
(错) The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介词后不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c)多用who 的情况
①关系代词在从句中做主语
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend .
②先行词为those , people 时
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth .
③先行词为all, anyone , ones , one 指人时
One who doesn’t work hard will never succeed in his work .
④在There be句型中
There is a stranger who wants to see you .
⑤在被分隔的定语从句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German .
⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard .
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does .
2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
a) 在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时,只用that,不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b) 先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时,只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water .
c) 先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。.
The first English book that I read was “The Prince and the Pauper” by Mark Twin .
d) 先行词既有人,又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited .
e)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时,用that 以避免重复。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate .
f)关系代词在从句中做表语
He is not the man that he used to be .
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定语从句只能用which的情况:介词后面,逗号后面。1、介词后面,指物的关系代词只能用which;The house in which we live is very old.我们住的房子非常老。2、逗号后面,指物的关系代词只能用which。I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.我住在北京,中国的首都。
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