英文辩论赛 equality of men and women.我是反方
A person could purchase a fairly intelligent robot, send it to work for the company that the owner used to work for, while the owner collects all of the money made by the robot. If allowed, robots could begin by trading jobs with humans in assembly line type of jobs, or in manual labor. Later on as robots become more intelligent robots could work side by side with humans, in advertising, accounting, medicine, developing people friendly computers and games.
People could buy these robots, and have them do their jobs for them. This way after only a few years in the workforce you could purchase an AI robot, for say $40,000 and make it do your job. This would be a worthy investment, because eventually robot technology would be able to make one robot last a lifetime. All money made from the robot would go directly to you, while you don't do any work. People that wanted to work could and couldn't (by law) be replaced by a robot. These laboring robots don't need to be smarter than the average human to preform the humans former work tasks, this way we don't have to worry about having thousand or potentially millions of robot slaves throwing a revolution.
The owner of the robot would be its primary master, while the employer would be number two. The robot would never even have to leave work, which would reduce traffic a lot. Each human could only own one robot to collect wages, others could be used as maids, or personal assistants. If one person owned five bots, than that would mean a huge loss of jobs, and too much wages would be given to the rich. This way you make sure no one can have more than one job. Anyone that owns a fairly expensive robot wouldn't need more than one job because they would probably be middle class.
Now that you understand how this could work think of the implications. Where to start? This would be a revolution in civilization akin to when agriculture allowed many people not to grow food so that they could do specialized jobs to help other members of their society. This would be the same, for the first time ever humanity could be freed from working for a living. With a steady source of income that likely wouldn't be endangered with the steady, stable work supply, inflation would be reduced to nearly nothing. No one going to work would mean a lot more free time, which would allow more time with the family and spouse. In a positive view people would give more time to charitable organizations, have the time to better themselves through getting a good education, and pursue a generally more happy, fulfilling life.
We would have to work out whatever problems come along through legislation, but I think the pros outweigh the cons a lot.
This would be the closest to utopia that mankind has ever come if this works out. Wow, our inventions could be the key to our salvation. Pretty great if this works. I'll have even more time to spend on the internet!
But robots are already a part of our lives. Industrial robots widely used in manufacturing. Military and police organizations use robots to assist in dangerous situations. Robots can be found exploring the surface of Mars, and vacuuming the floors in your home.
Within a few more years a whole host of robotic adaptations could be running many aspects of our lives. "I think in the next thirty years, we're going to see a transformation between the industrial sorts of robots, to personal robots," says Brooks. Brooks' company, IRobot, markets floor cleaning robots for homes.
"The advances in robotics make it clear that many household chores will be easily handled by a robot in the near future," says Bob Christopher, the CEO of UGOBE, a robotic technology company that is marketing a toy robot called Pleo. (Full story)
BT Futurist-in-Residence and CNN Future Summit Nominating Committee member Ian Pearson envisions a home where robots outnumber humans. "I've only one child and one wife, but I could easily imagine five or six robots in the home as well."
"Within the next 10 years," says Joanne Pransky, who has been involved in robotics for twenty years and calls herself the Worlds First Robotic Psychiatrist, "I hope to be able to afford to lease or purchase a domestic robot that not only does the household cleaning and prepare and serve my meals, but could carry me to the bathtub if I can't walk, monitor my vital signs, and if I need a medical specialist from afar, could remotely become his or her eyes, hands, and ears."
Demographic changes, such as a rapidly aging population and a shrinking workforce will drive forward the application of new technology. "There is going to be a real pull for increasing the productivity of working age people," says Brooks. "So there's going to be a real push for robotics to help people." In addition it is likely that in the near future we will see robots taking on some of the care functions elderly, or long-term ill people, rely on."
"Most of us would rather be attended to in a hospital by a robot than be ignored," says Pransky, "and given the choice to stay in our own homes with a nursebot or go to a nursing home, a robot would allow us to continue to live independently as well as offer a more cost-effective alternative."
The development of robotic technologies is a global effort. "The Japanese government, academic institutions, and major corporations," says Pransky, "are investing billions of dollars each year on domestic robots aimed at altering everyday life." The South Korean government recently announced an initiative to put robots in every home by 2020 at the latest.
Robots on the job
Robots already have a significant role in medicine. Robots are helping doctors achieve more precision in the operating room, performing safer, less invasive techniques. For example, The da Vinci Surgical System by Intuitive Surgical helps simplify complex procedures, and lets surgeons work through much smaller incisions, thus making patient recovery easier.
"I have said on the record that, God forbid, I should need hip replacement surgery, I'd rather have a robot do it," says Ron Arkin, a roboticist working at the Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Group at LAAS/CNRS in Toulouse, France, and a CNN Future Summit Nominating Committee Member. "Advances in bio-robotics are leading to even more and more applications where, in my estimation, robots have the potential to perform better than human surgeons in certain respects."
The pace of technological change is rapid, and it is easily possible to foresee a time when robots become our teachers, policemen and even soldiers.
"Robots would be better soldiers than humans," believes Arkin. "They could strictly follow the rules of engagement, codes of conduct, and war protocols far better than more passionate humans, resulting in a reduction of war crimes."
"Most robots in the future will do jobs which are the sorts of things that people use to do," says Pearson. "They will take away a lot of the mundane physical jobs certainly"
Some experts predict that it's not just manual jobs that will be replaced.
"The more advanced the technology becomes, the more it forces us to focus on those things that are fundamentally human," says Pearson, who believes robots will help shift the humanity from an information economy to a 'care' economy. "We call the future economy the care economy because its dominated by caring skills, interpersonal skills, emotional skills if you like, and the human contact is essential."
Bob Christopher agrees: "There will always be a need for human involvement since there will always be things that are uniquely human -- like having a conscience."
"The effect of robots" says Hans Moravec, "clearly has implications for the economy."
Moravec, chief scientist at Seegrid in Pittsburgh, has a vision of what the economic changes may entail: "Social security will have to be expanded, introduced at lower and lower ages, till essentially everyone lives on social security. The taxes will be paid by fully-automated businesses run by robots. And human beings have to deal with the problem of excess leisure as was anticipated in the 50's and 60's when automation really started to gain a lot of momentum."
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心理学研究的性别智力差异，是指群体差异，是从类别上分析研究各自的特长及其形成的原因。国际上通用的判断—个人的聪明程度是进行智力测验。美国些理学家托尔曼和他的同事关于“男性——女性测验”用十多年时间进行了450多个项目。结果是：作为群体男性与群体女性比较确有差异，男子更进取、好争斗、喜欢自夸、敢冒险，对社会活动多注意；女于富于同情心，比较柔和，有审美观念，爱打扮，对家庭生活多注意；随着年龄、家庭地位、教育、职业的不同而有强弱高低之分，但是同性之间的差异大于异性之间的差异；家庭环境优越的男女差别不大，接近常模（平均数）；受教育越高，个性越向异性方向转化，差别越小。多种测验表明男女智力差异表现在如下四个方面：1)水平差异，这也是主要的差异。水平差异可以理解为居优势的智力因素：①男性偏于逻辑思维，女性偏于形象思维。②男性的空间视觉能力和数学能力较佳，女性则短时记忆和语言能力较优。③男女同学在某种环境因素的影响下，表现有所不同。比如，男同学的思维比较广阔、敏捷，兴趣广泛，动手能力强，喜欢独立思考，但有时不够细心、周密；而女同学往往在记忆力和语言能力上比较强，用功、细致，但思路比较单一，不够活跃，活动面窄，易对身边的琐事发生兴趣，情绪易波动，怕羞，不敢大胆发问。在学习方法上，女同学习惯于背诵、默写和记忆，长于死记硬背，比较看重分数；而男同学，勇于实践，喜欢独立思考，敢于怀疑已有的结论。低年级时，男生的学习成绩可能赶不上女生，但知识和能力却在独立思考和实践中得到了增长，因此，到了高中阶段，成绩往往超过女同学。在数学学习中，女同学往往注重模仿、注意机械记忆，不善于把握全局，逻辑思维能力较弱。在解题遇到困难时，女同学往往首先求助于书本或寻找例题中的类似问题，而男同学却是独立思考的居多。(2)智力表现的早晚差异一般女性表现较早，男性表现较晚。这多少可以说明小学一般女性较聪明，中学一般是男孩较优的现象。(3)智力分配也有差异女性与男性相比，女性中智力超常和低能的比例较小，智力中等的比例较大；男性则智力超常和低能的比例较大，智力中等的比例较小。(4)“有无”问题。即某些心理特性在男女一方有，而另一方则没有。但是，迄今为止，尚没有这一方面的研究材料可以证实男女智力因素中的有无问题。②心理方面的因素。 心理方面的因素，对于形成男女智力差异的作用很大。心理方面的因素表现为：a几千年“男尊女卑”思想给妇女心灵上投下的阴影的影响。女子一遇到挫折，往往把它与“自己是个女的”联系在一起。据调查，导致很多女孩子不愿学习理科，很重要的原因在于缺乏自信心，自卑感严重。b缺乏良好的思维方法的训练。它使不少女子思维呆板，不能灵活地思考与解决复杂的问题。⑵客体的因素客体的因素主要体现在三方面：①传统的习惯势力往往坚持一种陈腐的观念，认为女孩子不如男孩子聪明，所以在无形中，就在两性之间筑起了一道墙，在许多场合堵塞甚至剥夺了女孩的学习机会，使他们的智力受到了人为的摧残。重男轻女的观点还表现在社会职业的分配上。有位心理学工作者以银行干部、大学生和初中生共288人为被试，要求回答“适合男人和女人的职业各是什么?”被试者一共回答了“矿工、战土、政治领导、企业经理、航空、举重、外交、法官、警官”等18种职业适合于男子担任；而认为女子则适合担任“服务员、保育员、纺织工、秘书、护士、演员缝纫、小学教员、办事员、舞蹈、广播员”等17种职业。此外，多数被试者主张男人适合当“工程技术员，从事科学研究”工作，主张女人适合当“教师、医生、营业员”等。②在人才总数中，妇女人才比例小。有人为了证明男性优于女性，不遗余力地搜集了世界上1000位名人的资料，其中女子仅占32名；美国从1903年——1943年列入科学家行列的有2607名，其中女子仅占50名。还有人分析了世界上868名女名人，除了39％是以文学创作著名外，其余是以漂亮、悲剧下场或名人妻、母而见著于世的。③家庭的影响。男女性别历来受到人们的重视。孩子未出生，父母已经怀有某种期望，当他(她)一旦降临人世，男女孩子往往又会受到不同的待遇。孩子的衣着、玩具进一步区分了男女角色。父母对子女的要求也不同，往往容许男孩顽皮，多于体力活，希望女孩斯文，学做针线、烧饭、照看弟妹等。男人和女人对婚姻的要求一样吗？男人对婚姻的5个最基本要求：1)性爱的满足2）玩3）漂亮的老4）家庭的支持5）对自己的崇女人对婚姻的5个最基本要求：1）爱情2）沟通3）诚实和开明4）一定的经济基础5）对家庭的承诺
在一般人眼中，男女之别是生而具有的，哪里还谈得上男女的后天变成，这岂不是无稽之谈。
我们先来澄清两个概念，即“性角色”和“性别角色”。英国社会学家S·德拉梅特指出，“性，这一概念准确的含义应该是指男性与女性的生物特征，而性别这一概念的准确含义是指男性与女性之间的一切非生物方面的差异，诸如在衣着、兴趣、态度、行为、才能等方面存在的差异”。正是这些差异把“男子的”和“女人的”生活方式区别开来。
可见，性与性别是有差异的。性与性别又同时统一在一个人的身上。当人们说一个人是男人时，不仅仅意味着这个人具有男人的躯体，而且还表现出男人的行为方式。同样的，对于女人也是如此。在生活中，我们常听到人们说某某不是一个真正的男人或女人，就是指他们的性与性别不统一。
性的生理特征是天生的，而性别角色却是后天形成的。从这个意义上讲，男女不是天生的，而是后天变成的。法国著名的存在主义哲学家萨特的夫人，西蒙娜·德·波娃因此提出了一句名言“女人不是天生的，而是后天变成的”。
在本世纪初三四十年代，有关性别角色及其差异的最为流行的解释是奥地利著名心理学家弗洛伊德提出来的。在他看来，男女不同的心理状态，行为模式都是由其不同的生理解剖特点决定的，即男女是天生的。他说：“男性的生殖细胞是主动的，活泼的，它去追求女性的生殖细胞，女性的卵细胞是静止的，被动地等待。”因此，男性在行为上倾向活泼、有力、刚健，而女性则倾向于温柔，被动。(你有正方材料吗？我山大信息的~~~)
Women cannot be equal to men. Likewise, a man could never hope of being equal to a woman. It’s like comparing Apples to Bananas – it makes no sense. The sexes should be equal in the eyes of the law (murder is murder, despite the gender of the person committing the act), but beyond that, men and women just aren’t equal. It doesn't mean if men and women are not equal, it means one gender must be better than the other! We cannot ignore the fact that men are physically stronger than women. Likewise, men receive higher wages than women. Women bear children while men don't.
1、男女在身体素质方面就不存在完全的平等。男人的力量及女人的柔韧性是一个极大的差距表现。
2、当今社会各行各业各种岗位，对于男女的需求比例不一，男人对应的岗位相较女人的要多出许多
3、在传统思想中，男女的分工也不一样。虽说现在社会思想慢慢开放，但是，男人永远不可能生孩子吧。
弘耐丁疏： 1.material quality can make us feel happy,confident and healthy2.material quality is the base of opportunity quality
阳明区17158219214： 英语辩论稿“当代男女是否平等” - ？
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弘耐丁疏： Firstly, it is an important step for us students to know well about knowledge. Secondly, it is a neccessary sector to check the teachers' teaching quality and the students' mastery of the knowledge. In a word, to do exercises i.
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